AT69244B - Process for the extraction of the total alkaloids of the root. - Google Patents
Process for the extraction of the total alkaloids of the root.Info
- Publication number
- AT69244B AT69244B AT69244DA AT69244B AT 69244 B AT69244 B AT 69244B AT 69244D A AT69244D A AT 69244DA AT 69244 B AT69244 B AT 69244B
- Authority
- AT
- Austria
- Prior art keywords
- extraction
- alkaloids
- root
- salts
- ether
- Prior art date
Links
- 229930013930 alkaloid Natural products 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003840 hydrochlorides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000000982 Malva neglecta Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000000060 Malva neglecta Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003797 alkaloid derivatives Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229930012976 ipecacuanha alkaloid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000012261 resinous substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000284152 Carapichea ipecacuanha Species 0.000 description 1
- DTGZHCFJNDAHEN-YSFUMNCJSA-N Cephaeline Natural products O(C)c1c(OC)cc2c([C@H]3N(C[C@@H](CC)[C@@H](C[C@H]4NCCc5c4cc(OC)c(O)c5)C3)CC2)c1 DTGZHCFJNDAHEN-YSFUMNCJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000699729 Muridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 alkaloid salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DTGZHCFJNDAHEN-OZEXIGSWSA-N cephaeline Chemical compound N1CCC2=CC(O)=C(OC)C=C2[C@H]1C[C@H]1C[C@H]2C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C3CCN2C[C@@H]1CC DTGZHCFJNDAHEN-OZEXIGSWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002895 emetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960005208 ipecacuanha Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Description
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Verfahren zur Gewinnung der Gesamtalkaloide der Brechwurzel.
Für die Gewinnung der Alkaloide der Brechwurzel sind mehrere Extraktionsverfahren bekannt, die sämtlich ziemlich umständlich sind und zum Teil auf die Zersetzlichkeit der Alkaloid, insbesondere des Cephaelins, nicht die nötige Rücksicht nehmen. So gibt das "Neue, pharmazeutische Manual" von Eugen Dietrich Berlin, 1904. S. 139,158 und 227 Vorschriften für die Darstellung von Ipecacaanhaextrakten.
Alle diese Vorschriften verlangen eine Extraktion in der Wärme und zum Teil lange dauerndes Eindampfen, wodurch die empfindlichen Ipecacuanhabascn mehr oder weniger chemisch verändert worden. Als Endprodukte erhält man ferner nach diesen Vorschriften nicht Produkte, welche die Ipecacuanhabasen in hochkonzentrierter Form enthalten, sondern Präparate, welche durch harzartige Substanzen bzw. durch wasserlösliche Extraktionsstofte stark verunreinigt sind. Gemäss einem anderen Verfahren (Hagers Handbuch der pharmazeutischen Praxis", Berlin 1902, II., S. 146, Abs. 2) worden die Ipecacuanhabasen mit Alkalien freigemacht und dann mit organischen Lösungsmitteln extrahiert.
Nach einer weiteren Reinigung wird schliesslich eine alkalische, freien Ammoniak enthaltende Lösung der Ipecacuanhaalkaloide bis zur Trockne abdestilliert. Abgesehen von der Umständlichkeit des Verfahrens besteht auch hier die Gefahr, dass die Alkaloid Zersetzungen erleiden, da die freien Ipecacuanhabasen, besonders in alkalischer Lösung, empfindlich sind.
Es wurde nnn gefunden, dass sich die Gesamtalkaloide der Ipecacuanha in Form ihrer Salze nach dem folgenden Verfahren gewinnen lassen, das weit einfacher ist als die bisher bekannten Methoden und überdies die Möglichkeit einer Zersetzung der wirksamen Alkaloide völlig ausschliesst, da die Verwendung von Alkalien sowie jedes Erwärmen ver-
EMI1.1
gebeugt ist.
Das Verfahren gründet sich auf die merkwürdige, bisher nicht bekannte Tatsache, dass die Salze der Ipecacuanhaalkaloide, insbesondere die Hydrochloride, in gewissen organischen Lösungsmitteln, wie Chloroform, Tetrachlorkohlenstoff, Benzol und dgl., entweder ohneweiters löslich sind oder doch in Mischungen von derartigen Lösungsmitteln mit wenig Alkohol sich leicht auflösen. Aus diesen Lösungen fallen die Salze der Alkaloid auf Zusatz von Äther oder Petroläther aus.
Man perkoliert z. B. gepulvert Brechwurzel mit einer Mischung von 95 Teilen Chloroform und 5TeHen alkoholischer Salzsäure von7%/C7. Das gelbbraune Perkolat vermischt man mit der 11/2fachen Menge Äther, wodurch sich die salzsauren Salze der Ipecacuanhaalkaloide als fast weisses Pulver abscheiden. Die so gewonnenen Salze sind in Wasser nicht ganz klar löslich, da bei ihrer Ausfällung durch Äther etwas harzartige Substanz mit niedergerissen wird. Diese harzartigen Substanzen können dadurch entfernt Werden, dass man die trockenen Alkaloidsalze einige Zeit mit Essigather auszieht, wobei die Verunreinigungen von Essigäther gelöst werden.
Man kann die Entfernung der harzartigen Bestandteile auch in der Weise bewirken, dass man das Produkt in wenig Wasser löst, die Verunreinigungen abfiltriert und das Filtrat unter Lichtabschluss eindunstet.
**WARNUNG** Ende DESC Feld kannt Anfang CLMS uberlappen**.
<Desc / Clms Page number 1>
Process for the extraction of the total alkaloids of the root.
Several extraction processes are known for obtaining the alkaloids of the voles, all of which are rather cumbersome and in some cases do not take the necessary consideration of the decomposition of the alkaloid, in particular of cephaelin. The "New Pharmaceutical Manual" by Eugen Dietrich Berlin, 1904. pp. 139, 158 and 227, for example, gives regulations for the presentation of Ipecacaanhaextrakten.
All of these regulations require extraction in the heat and, in some cases, long-lasting evaporation, as a result of which the sensitive Ipecacuanhabascn have been more or less chemically changed. According to these regulations, the end products obtained are not products which contain the ipecacuanhabase in a highly concentrated form, but preparations which are heavily contaminated by resinous substances or by water-soluble extraction substances. According to another method (Hagers Handbuch der Pharmischen Praxis, Berlin 1902, II., P. 146, para. 2) the ipecacuanhabases were freed with alkalis and then extracted with organic solvents.
After a further purification, an alkaline, free ammonia-containing solution of the ipecacuanha alkaloids is finally distilled off to dryness. Apart from the complexity of the process, there is also the risk that the alkaloid will suffer decomposition, since the free Ipecacuanhabasen, especially in alkaline solution, are sensitive.
It has now been found that the total alkaloids of the ipecacuanha can be obtained in the form of their salts by the following process, which is far simpler than the previously known methods and, moreover, completely excludes the possibility of decomposition of the active alkaloids, since the use of alkalis and any Heating
EMI1.1
is bent.
The process is based on the strange, previously unknown fact that the salts of the ipecacuanha alkaloids, especially the hydrochlorides, are either readily soluble in certain organic solvents, such as chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, benzene and the like, or at least in mixtures of such solvents a little alcohol dissolve easily. From these solutions the salts of the alkaloid precipitate on the addition of ether or petroleum ether.
One percolates z. B. powdered emetic root with a mixture of 95 parts of chloroform and 5TeHen alcoholic hydrochloric acid of 7% / C7. The yellow-brown percolate is mixed with 11/2 times the amount of ether, which causes the hydrochloric acid salts of the ipecacuanha alkaloids to separate out as an almost white powder. The salts obtained in this way are not completely soluble in water, since some resinous substance is torn down by the ether when they are precipitated. These resinous substances can be removed by extracting the dry alkaloid salts for some time with vinegar ether, whereby the impurities are dissolved by vinegar ether.
The resin-like constituents can also be removed by dissolving the product in a little water, filtering off the impurities and evaporating the filtrate in the absence of light.
** WARNING ** End of DESC field may overlap beginning of CLMS **.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE69244X | 1914-07-04 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AT69244B true AT69244B (en) | 1915-07-10 |
Family
ID=5634860
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT69244D AT69244B (en) | 1914-07-04 | 1913-07-02 | Process for the extraction of the total alkaloids of the root. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT69244B (en) |
-
1913
- 1913-07-02 AT AT69244D patent/AT69244B/en active
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