ATE212064T1 - Gerät zur amplifikation von polynukleotiden im mesomassstab - Google Patents

Gerät zur amplifikation von polynukleotiden im mesomassstab

Info

Publication number
ATE212064T1
ATE212064T1 AT95941393T AT95941393T ATE212064T1 AT E212064 T1 ATE212064 T1 AT E212064T1 AT 95941393 T AT95941393 T AT 95941393T AT 95941393 T AT95941393 T AT 95941393T AT E212064 T1 ATE212064 T1 AT E212064T1
Authority
AT
Austria
Prior art keywords
reaction chamber
amplification
polynucleotide
chamber
amplification reaction
Prior art date
Application number
AT95941393T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Wilding
Larry J Kricka
Original Assignee
Univ Pennsylvania
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US08/338,728 external-priority patent/US5587128A/en
Priority claimed from US08/338,380 external-priority patent/US5744366A/en
Priority claimed from US08/338,369 external-priority patent/US5726026A/en
Application filed by Univ Pennsylvania filed Critical Univ Pennsylvania
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ATE212064T1 publication Critical patent/ATE212064T1/de

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
    • B01D61/18—Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/02—Inorganic material
    • B01D71/0213—Silicon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/02—Inorganic material
    • B01D71/0215—Silicon carbide; Silicon nitride; Silicon oxycarbide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0093—Microreactors, e.g. miniaturised or microfabricated reactors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
    • B01L3/502746—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by the means for controlling flow resistance, e.g. flow controllers, baffles or throttle valves
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6844—Nucleic acid amplification reactions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
    • B01J2219/00819—Materials of construction
    • B01J2219/00824—Ceramic
    • B01J2219/00826—Quartz
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
    • B01J2219/00819—Materials of construction
    • B01J2219/00824—Ceramic
    • B01J2219/00828—Silicon wafers or plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
    • B01J2219/00819—Materials of construction
    • B01J2219/00831—Glass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
    • B01J2219/00819—Materials of construction
    • B01J2219/00833—Plastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
    • B01J2219/00873—Heat exchange
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
    • B01J2219/0095—Control aspects
    • B01J2219/00952—Sensing operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
    • B01L2300/0809—Geometry, shape and general structure rectangular shaped
    • B01L2300/0816—Cards, e.g. flat sample carriers usually with flow in two horizontal directions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
    • B01L2300/0861—Configuration of multiple channels and/or chambers in a single devices
    • B01L2300/0864—Configuration of multiple channels and/or chambers in a single devices comprising only one inlet and multiple receiving wells, e.g. for separation, splitting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
    • B01L2300/0861—Configuration of multiple channels and/or chambers in a single devices
    • B01L2300/087—Multiple sequential chambers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
    • B01L2400/08—Regulating or influencing the flow resistance
    • B01L2400/084—Passive control of flow resistance
    • B01L2400/086—Passive control of flow resistance using baffles or other fixed flow obstructions

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
  • Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
AT95941393T 1994-11-14 1995-11-13 Gerät zur amplifikation von polynukleotiden im mesomassstab ATE212064T1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/338,728 US5587128A (en) 1992-05-01 1994-11-14 Mesoscale polynucleotide amplification devices
US08/338,380 US5744366A (en) 1992-05-01 1994-11-14 Mesoscale devices and methods for analysis of motile cells
US08/338,369 US5726026A (en) 1992-05-01 1994-11-14 Mesoscale sample preparation device and systems for determination and processing of analytes
PCT/US1995/014823 WO1996015269A2 (en) 1994-11-14 1995-11-13 Mesoscale polynucleotide amplification devices

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ATE212064T1 true ATE212064T1 (de) 2002-02-15

Family

ID=46332642

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AT95941393T ATE212064T1 (de) 1994-11-14 1995-11-13 Gerät zur amplifikation von polynukleotiden im mesomassstab

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0739423B1 (de)
JP (2) JP3909859B2 (de)
CN (1) CN1145704C (de)
AT (1) ATE212064T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2181189C (de)
DE (1) DE69525036T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0739423T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2169770T3 (de)
WO (1) WO1996015269A2 (de)

Families Citing this family (43)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5872010A (en) * 1995-07-21 1999-02-16 Northeastern University Microscale fluid handling system
US6132580A (en) 1995-09-28 2000-10-17 The Regents Of The University Of California Miniature reaction chamber and devices incorporating same
US5942443A (en) * 1996-06-28 1999-08-24 Caliper Technologies Corporation High throughput screening assay systems in microscale fluidic devices
CN1173776C (zh) 1996-06-28 2004-11-03 卡钳技术有限公司 在微规模流体性设备里的高通过量的筛选分析系统
CA2276251A1 (en) * 1996-11-20 1998-05-28 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Microfabricated isothermal nucleic acid amplification devices and methods
DE69823347T2 (de) 1997-05-16 2005-05-12 Alberta Research Council, Edmonton Mikrofluidisches system und verfahren zu dessen betrieb
US6632619B1 (en) 1997-05-16 2003-10-14 The Governors Of The University Of Alberta Microfluidic system and methods of use
US6132685A (en) 1998-08-10 2000-10-17 Caliper Technologies Corporation High throughput microfluidic systems and methods
CN100525876C (zh) 1998-09-17 2009-08-12 阿德文生物系统公司 产生液体电喷射的方法
US6245227B1 (en) 1998-09-17 2001-06-12 Kionix, Inc. Integrated monolithic microfabricated electrospray and liquid chromatography system and method
US6680193B1 (en) 1998-10-16 2004-01-20 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Device for chemical and/or biological analysis with analysis support
AU4430600A (en) * 1999-05-10 2000-11-21 Toyo Kohan Co. Ltd. Chemical reactor
EP1203096B1 (de) * 1999-07-28 2008-12-31 Merck Serono Biodevelopment Durchfluss-Mikroreaktor in dem lokale Temperaturzyklen auf eine fliessende Probe einwirken
FR2799139B1 (fr) * 1999-10-01 2002-05-03 Genset Sa Dispositif d'analyse biochimique comprenant un substrat microfluidique notamment pour l'amplification ou l'analyse d'acides nucleiques.
US6977145B2 (en) 1999-07-28 2005-12-20 Serono Genetics Institute S.A. Method for carrying out a biochemical protocol in continuous flow in a microreactor
EP1248949B1 (de) 2000-01-18 2013-05-22 Advion, Inc. Elektrosprayvorrichtung mit array von trennsäulen sowie verfahren zur trennung von fluidproben
DE10006214A1 (de) 2000-02-11 2001-08-16 Roche Diagnostics Gmbh System zur einfachen Nukleinsäureanalytik
US20020197631A1 (en) * 2001-04-26 2002-12-26 Lawrence Nathan P. Multichamber device and uses thereof for processing of biological samples
CN101348763B (zh) * 2002-06-20 2012-07-18 普里梅拉蒂斯有限公司 用于多聚核苷酸检测和定量的设备
US7452712B2 (en) 2002-07-30 2008-11-18 Applied Biosystems Inc. Sample block apparatus and method of maintaining a microcard on a sample block
DE10237400A1 (de) * 2002-08-09 2004-03-11 Siemens Ag Gehäuse zur Probenbeaufschlagung von Beads
US7445926B2 (en) * 2002-12-30 2008-11-04 The Regents Of The University Of California Fluid control structures in microfluidic devices
ES2220227B1 (es) * 2003-05-30 2006-02-16 INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE TECNICA AEROESPACIAL "ESTEBAN TERRADAS" Metodo y aparato para la deteccion de sustancias o analitos a partir del analisis de una o varias muestras.
DE10349708B4 (de) * 2003-10-24 2006-10-26 november Aktiengesellschaft Gesellschaft für Molekulare Medizin Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung einer Reaktion
JP4208820B2 (ja) 2003-11-28 2009-01-14 株式会社東芝 核酸検出カセット
WO2005118773A2 (en) 2004-05-28 2005-12-15 Wafergen, Inc. Apparatus and methods for multiplex analyses
JP5178528B2 (ja) * 2005-12-29 2013-04-10 アボット ポイント オブ ケア インコーポレイテッド 分子診断用増幅システムおよび方法
JP4891928B2 (ja) * 2006-01-20 2012-03-07 凸版印刷株式会社 反応容器及びｄｎａの増幅反応方法
EP1878802A1 (de) 2006-07-14 2008-01-16 Roche Diagnostics GmbH Einwegvorrichtung zur Analyse einer Nukleinsäure enthaltenden Probe mit einem Amplifikation-Apparatus
KR20100019409A (ko) * 2007-01-22 2010-02-18 웨이퍼젠, 인크. 고효율 화학 반응을 위한 장치 및 방법
JP5305361B2 (ja) 2007-05-04 2013-10-02 オプコ・ダイアグノスティクス・リミテッド・ライアビリティ・カンパニー 流体コネクタおよびマイクロ流体システム
JP4556194B2 (ja) * 2008-02-01 2010-10-06 セイコーエプソン株式会社 生体試料反応方法
FI20085299A0 (fi) * 2008-04-10 2008-04-10 Valtion Teknillinen Mikrofluidistisia siruvälineitä ja niiden käyttö
DK2391451T3 (en) 2009-02-02 2018-10-15 Opko Diagnostics Llc STRUCTURES FOR MANAGING LIGHT INTERACTION WITH MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES
MY193914A (en) 2012-03-05 2022-11-01 Oy Arctic Partners Ab Methods and apparatuses for predicting risk of prostate cancer and prostate gland volume
US10641772B2 (en) 2015-02-20 2020-05-05 Takara Bio Usa, Inc. Method for rapid accurate dispensing, visualization and analysis of single cells
JP6829950B2 (ja) * 2016-05-31 2021-02-17 シスメックス株式会社 分析方法、分析装置および分析システム
JP7075394B2 (ja) 2016-07-21 2022-05-25 タカラ バイオ ユーエスエー， インコーポレイテッド マルチウェルデバイスを用いたマルチｚ撮像及び分注
CN107988044A (zh) * 2017-12-29 2018-05-04 东南大学 一种大反应体积流道式pcr扩增装置
EP3775832B1 (de) * 2018-08-09 2021-12-22 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Leitfähigkeitsbasierte reaktionskammersteuerung
CN111569959B (zh) * 2020-04-30 2021-09-17 上海邦先医疗科技有限公司 一种用于生物样本中细菌定量检测的微流控芯片及使用方法
CN112285084A (zh) * 2020-11-20 2021-01-29 湖南开启时代生物科技有限责任公司 一种可快速升降温的光检测装置
CN114280052B (zh) * 2022-03-07 2022-06-28 至美时代生物智能科技(北京)有限公司 检测单元、组合管及微生物检测系统

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4280498A (en) * 1979-10-22 1981-07-28 Hollister Incorporated Valved drain assembly for urostomy pouch
US4824247A (en) * 1987-08-31 1989-04-25 Avtar Sciences, Inc. Method and apparatus for measuring sperm penetration
US4902624A (en) * 1987-11-23 1990-02-20 Eastman Kodak Company Temperature cycling cuvette
US5346672A (en) * 1989-11-17 1994-09-13 Gene Tec Corporation Devices for containing biological specimens for thermal processing
FI943054A7 (fi) * 1991-12-24 1994-08-22 Tepnel Medical Ltd Nukleiinihapposekvenssien manipulointi
CA2134474C (en) * 1992-05-01 1999-07-06 The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania Microfabricated sperm handling devices
US5639423A (en) * 1992-08-31 1997-06-17 The Regents Of The University Of Calfornia Microfabricated reactor
US5364790A (en) * 1993-02-16 1994-11-15 The Perkin-Elmer Corporation In situ PCR amplification system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0739423B1 (de) 2002-01-16
CN1157639A (zh) 1997-08-20
WO1996015269A2 (en) 1996-05-23
AU698213B2 (en) 1998-10-29
DE69525036D1 (de) 2002-02-21
AU4282896A (en) 1996-06-06
ES2169770T3 (es) 2002-07-16
JP4176124B2 (ja) 2008-11-05
CA2181189A1 (en) 1996-05-23
CA2181189C (en) 1999-09-21
EP0739423A1 (de) 1996-10-30
JP2007050008A (ja) 2007-03-01
JPH09511407A (ja) 1997-11-18
JP3909859B2 (ja) 2007-04-25
WO1996015269A3 (en) 1996-11-21
DE69525036T2 (de) 2002-08-01
DK0739423T3 (da) 2002-05-06
MX9602775A (es) 1997-07-31
CN1145704C (zh) 2004-04-14

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ATE212064T1 (de) Gerät zur amplifikation von polynukleotiden im mesomassstab
CA2134475A1 (en) Polynucleotide Amplification Analysis Using a Microfabricated Device
DE69133211D1 (de) Vorrichtung und Gefässe zur Durchführung einer Polymerasekettenreaktion
ATE275190T1 (de) Vorrichtung zur durchführung von untersuchungen an zellkulturen
ATE234155T1 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zur behandlung von nukleinsäuren aus einer probe
DE59301218D1 (de) Vorrichtung zur behandlung von zellkulturen
CA2230967A1 (en) Improved nucleic acid assays
DE69329800D1 (de) Detektion von gensequenzen in biologischen flüssigkeiten
AU2470395A (en) Materials and methods for the detection of (mycobacterium tuberculosis)
DE69915873D1 (de) Vorrichtung und verfahren zur entnahme einer flüssigkeitsprobe im bohrloch
ES2115294T3 (es) Lamina de cobre con tratamiento antioxidante organico.
ATE172231T1 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zum thermischen behandeln von materialien mit anteilen an verdampfbaren stoffen
WO2000043322A8 (en) Sludge density measurement for controlling a sludge treatment stage
Wilding et al. Mesoscale polynucleotide amplification devices
ATE291491T1 (de) Vorrichtung zum behandeln von stoffen in wenigstens einem gefäss
TW359855B (en) Device for treating substrates
DE50004952D1 (de) Vorrichtung zum Verdunsten von Wasser
WO1996012824A3 (en) Use of spermidine to relieve inhibition of ligase chain reaction in a clinical test sample
JPS57187028A (en) High pressure vapor processing device
ATE290432T1 (de) Kombinierte vorrichtung zur behandlung biologischer mikromatrizen
Eagle Chemical aspects of discharges.
DE50003117D1 (de) Elektronisches rechengerät, insbesondere zur durchführung von chemischen berechnungen

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
UEP Publication of translation of european patent specification
REN Ceased due to non-payment of the annual fee