ATE352363T1 - Vorrichtung zur zyklischen behandlung eines fluids durch adsorption, die ventile mit verbesserter dichtigkeit enthält - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur zyklischen behandlung eines fluids durch adsorption, die ventile mit verbesserter dichtigkeit enthält

Info

Publication number
ATE352363T1
ATE352363T1 AT00402649T AT00402649T ATE352363T1 AT E352363 T1 ATE352363 T1 AT E352363T1 AT 00402649 T AT00402649 T AT 00402649T AT 00402649 T AT00402649 T AT 00402649T AT E352363 T1 ATE352363 T1 AT E352363T1
Authority
AT
Austria
Prior art keywords
enclosure
gas
plant
adsorption
protective
Prior art date
Application number
AT00402649T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Christian Monereau
Jean-Marc Belot
Original Assignee
Air Liquide
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide filed Critical Air Liquide
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ATE352363T1 publication Critical patent/ATE352363T1/de

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/047—Pressure swing adsorption
    • B01D53/0476—Vacuum pressure swing adsorption
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K41/00—Spindle sealings
    • F16K41/02—Spindle sealings with stuffing-box ; Sealing rings
    • F16K41/04—Spindle sealings with stuffing-box ; Sealing rings with at least one ring of rubber or like material between spindle and housing
    • F16K41/043—Spindle sealings with stuffing-box ; Sealing rings with at least one ring of rubber or like material between spindle and housing for spindles which only rotate, i.e. non-rising spindles
    • F16K41/046—Spindle sealings with stuffing-box ; Sealing rings with at least one ring of rubber or like material between spindle and housing for spindles which only rotate, i.e. non-rising spindles for rotating valves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/12—Oxygen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/80—Water
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
    • B01D2259/40003—Methods relating to valve switching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
    • B01D2259/402—Further details for adsorption processes and devices using two beds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/0462—Temperature swing adsorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/047—Pressure swing adsorption
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/4238—With cleaner, lubrication added to fluid or liquid sealing at valve interface
    • Y10T137/4245—Cleaning or steam sterilizing
    • Y10T137/4259—With separate material addition

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
  • Details Of Valves (AREA)
  • Pipeline Systems (AREA)
  • Exposure Of Semiconductors, Excluding Electron Or Ion Beam Exposure (AREA)
  • Encapsulation Of And Coatings For Semiconductor Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
AT00402649T 1999-10-28 2000-09-25 Vorrichtung zur zyklischen behandlung eines fluids durch adsorption, die ventile mit verbesserter dichtigkeit enthält ATE352363T1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9913517A FR2800297B1 (fr) 1999-10-28 1999-10-28 Installation de traitement cyclique de fluide par adsorption avec vannes a etancheite amelioree

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ATE352363T1 true ATE352363T1 (de) 2007-02-15

Family

ID=9551489

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AT00402649T ATE352363T1 (de) 1999-10-28 2000-09-25 Vorrichtung zur zyklischen behandlung eines fluids durch adsorption, die ventile mit verbesserter dichtigkeit enthält

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US6517609B1 (de)
EP (1) EP1095689B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2001187310A (de)
AT (1) ATE352363T1 (de)
DE (1) DE60033108T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2280183T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2800297B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (62)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE38493E1 (en) * 1996-04-24 2004-04-13 Questair Technologies Inc. Flow regulated pressure swing adsorption system
US6921597B2 (en) 1998-09-14 2005-07-26 Questair Technologies Inc. Electrical current generation system
EP1344270B1 (de) 2000-10-27 2017-06-21 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. Systemen und verfahren zur wasserstoff-versorgung von brennstoffzellen
CA2325072A1 (en) 2000-10-30 2002-04-30 Questair Technologies Inc. Gas separation for molten carbonate fuel cell
US7097925B2 (en) 2000-10-30 2006-08-29 Questair Technologies Inc. High temperature fuel cell power plant
WO2002045821A2 (en) 2000-12-08 2002-06-13 Questair Technologies Inc. Methods and apparatuses for gas separation by pressure swing adsorption with partial gas product feed to fuel cell power source
CA2329475A1 (en) 2000-12-11 2002-06-11 Andrea Gibbs Fast cycle psa with adsorbents sensitive to atmospheric humidity
EP1483035B1 (de) 2002-03-14 2011-09-14 QuestAir Technologies Inc. Gastrennung durch eine kombination aus druckwechsel und verdrängungsspülung
JP2006505095A (ja) 2002-03-14 2006-02-09 クエストエアー テクノロジーズ インコーポレイテッド 固体酸化物燃料電池用の水素リサイクル
US7285350B2 (en) 2002-09-27 2007-10-23 Questair Technologies Inc. Enhanced solid oxide fuel cell systems
WO2004076017A2 (en) * 2003-02-26 2004-09-10 Questair Technologies Inc. Hydrogen recycle for high temperature fuel cells
US7128776B2 (en) † 2004-03-10 2006-10-31 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Periodic high temperature regeneration of thermal swing adsorption systems
US7189280B2 (en) 2004-06-29 2007-03-13 Questair Technologies Inc. Adsorptive separation of gas streams
US7828877B2 (en) 2004-11-05 2010-11-09 Xebec Adsorption, Inc. Separation of carbon dioxide from other gases
FR2880328B1 (fr) 2005-01-06 2008-08-22 L'air Liquide Procede et systeme de verification du bon fonctionnement d'un equipement embarque de production d'oxygene pour aeronef
CA2702758C (en) * 2007-11-12 2016-08-30 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Methods of generating and utilizing utility gas
US7785405B2 (en) * 2008-03-27 2010-08-31 Praxair Technology, Inc. Systems and methods for gas separation using high-speed permanent magnet motors with centrifugal compressors
MY158840A (en) 2008-04-30 2016-11-15 Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co Method and apparatus for removal of oil from utility gas stream
FR2933313B1 (fr) 2008-07-03 2011-07-22 Air Liquide Traitement de gaz humide contenant des poussieres
FR2937258B1 (fr) 2008-10-21 2011-05-20 Air Liquide Repressurisation d'un vsa traitant un melange gazeux comprenant un combustible
FR2952553B1 (fr) 2009-11-19 2012-06-01 Air Liquide Procede de purification d'un flux gazeux mettant en oeuvre un contacteur a passages paralleles presentant une conservation de ses performances
US9067168B2 (en) 2010-05-28 2015-06-30 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Integrated adsorber head and valve design and swing adsorption methods related thereto
TWI495501B (zh) 2010-11-15 2015-08-11 Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co 動力分餾器及用於氣體混合物之分餾的循環法
AU2012223486A1 (en) 2011-03-01 2013-08-15 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Apparatus and systems having a rotary valve assembly and swing adsorption processes related thereto
US9358493B2 (en) 2011-03-01 2016-06-07 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Apparatus and systems having an encased adsorbent contactor and swing adsorption processes related thereto
EA201391255A1 (ru) 2011-03-01 2014-02-28 Эксонмобил Апстрим Рисерч Компани Устройства и системы, имеющие компактную конфигурацию многочисленных слоев для цикловой адсорбции, и связанные с этим способы
MY163007A (en) 2011-03-01 2017-07-31 Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co Methods of removing contaminants from hydrocarbon stream by swing adsorption and related apparatus and systems
AU2012259377B2 (en) 2011-03-01 2016-12-01 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Methods of removing contaminants from a hydrocarbon stream by swing adsorption and related apparatus and systems
US9352269B2 (en) 2011-03-01 2016-05-31 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Apparatus and systems having a rotary valve assembly and swing adsorption processes related thereto
WO2012118757A1 (en) 2011-03-01 2012-09-07 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Apparatus and systems having a reciprocating valve head assembly and swing adsorption processes related thereto
US9034078B2 (en) 2012-09-05 2015-05-19 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Apparatus and systems having an adsorbent contactor and swing adsorption processes related thereto
DE102013217243A1 (de) * 2013-08-29 2015-03-05 Erhard Gmbh & Co. Kg Absperrventil
CA3063636C (en) 2014-07-25 2022-03-01 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Cyclical swing absorption process and system
SG10201912669TA (en) 2014-11-11 2020-02-27 Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co High capacity structures and monoliths via paste imprinting
EP3229938A1 (de) 2014-12-10 2017-10-18 ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company Polymerfasern mit integriertem adsorbens in gepacktem bett und gewebeschütz sowie verfahren und vorrichtungen mit verwendung davon
EP3237091B1 (de) 2014-12-23 2021-08-04 ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company Strukturierte adsorbierende betten und verfahren zur deren herstellung
SG11201707069QA (en) 2015-05-15 2017-11-29 Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co Apparatus and system for swing adsorption processes related thereto comprising mid-bed purge systems
CA2979870C (en) 2015-05-15 2019-12-03 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Apparatus and system for swing adsorption processes related thereto
CN107847851B (zh) 2015-09-02 2021-05-18 埃克森美孚上游研究公司 使用脱甲烷塔顶部流作为清扫气体的变化吸附方法和系统
US10124286B2 (en) 2015-09-02 2018-11-13 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Apparatus and system for swing adsorption processes related thereto
US10322365B2 (en) 2015-10-27 2019-06-18 Exxonmobil Upstream Reseach Company Apparatus and system for swing adsorption processes related thereto
EA201891029A1 (ru) 2015-10-27 2018-10-31 Эксонмобил Апстрим Рисерч Компани Устройство и система для процессов короткоцикловой адсорбции, имеющие множество клапанов
KR102119378B1 (ko) 2015-10-27 2020-06-08 엑손모빌 업스트림 리서치 캄파니 능동 제어식 공급물 포핏 밸브 및 수동 제어식 생성물 밸브를 갖는 관련 스윙 흡착 공정용 장치 및 시스템
EP3377194A1 (de) 2015-11-16 2018-09-26 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Adsorptionsmaterialien und verfahren zur adsorption von kohlenstoffdioxid
RU2714063C1 (ru) 2016-03-18 2020-02-11 Эксонмобил Апстрим Рисерч Компани Устройство и система для осуществления процессов короткоцикловой адсорбции
FR3051374B1 (fr) * 2016-05-18 2018-05-18 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Procede de production d’oxygene de type vsa avec regeneration periodique
WO2017209860A1 (en) 2016-05-31 2017-12-07 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Apparatus and system for swing adsorption processes
AU2017274289B2 (en) 2016-05-31 2020-02-27 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Apparatus and system for swing adsorption processes
US10434458B2 (en) 2016-08-31 2019-10-08 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Apparatus and system for swing adsorption processes related thereto
WO2018044501A1 (en) 2016-09-01 2018-03-08 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Swing adsorption processes for removing water using 3a zeolite structures
US10328382B2 (en) 2016-09-29 2019-06-25 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Apparatus and system for testing swing adsorption processes
JP7021227B2 (ja) 2016-12-21 2022-02-16 エクソンモービル アップストリーム リサーチ カンパニー 活性材料を有する自己支持構造
AU2017379685B2 (en) 2016-12-21 2020-03-12 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Self-supporting structures having foam-geometry structure and active materials
WO2019147516A1 (en) 2018-01-24 2019-08-01 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Apparatus and system for temperature swing adsorption
EP3758828A1 (de) 2018-02-28 2021-01-06 ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company Vorrichtung und system für wechseladsorptionsprozesse
US11318410B2 (en) 2018-12-21 2022-05-03 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Flow modulation systems, apparatus, and methods for cyclical swing adsorption
WO2020222932A1 (en) 2019-04-30 2020-11-05 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Rapid cycle adsorbent bed
WO2021071755A1 (en) 2019-10-07 2021-04-15 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Adsorption processes and systems utilizing step lift control of hydraulically actuated poppet valves
EP4045173A1 (de) 2019-10-16 2022-08-24 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company (EMHC-N1-4A-607) Verfahren zur entwässerung mit kationischem zeolith rho
CN115325201B (zh) * 2022-09-13 2024-06-07 正茂阀门有限公司 智能型高压氢用阀门
JP2024116771A (ja) * 2023-02-16 2024-08-28 日鉄エンジニアリング株式会社 酸素濃縮装置
JP7777164B2 (ja) * 2024-03-25 2025-11-27 本田技研工業株式会社 ガス回収装置

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US334431A (en) * 1886-01-19 Valve
US3043324A (en) * 1960-07-08 1962-07-10 Honeywell Regulator Co Flow valve
US3474816A (en) * 1967-07-25 1969-10-28 Lif O Gen Inc Purgeable gas pressure regulators
US4253483A (en) * 1978-07-12 1981-03-03 Barron Industries, Inc. Movable blade damper
JPS55145873A (en) * 1979-04-26 1980-11-13 Power Reactor & Nuclear Fuel Dev Corp Bellows seal valve
DE3912350C1 (de) * 1989-04-14 1990-07-12 Durametallic Corp., Kalamazoo, Mich., Us, Niederlassung Durametallic Deutschland, 6072 Dreieich, De
ES2089202T3 (es) * 1990-03-02 1996-10-01 Air Liquide Procedimiento de produccion de oxigeno mediante separacion de aire por adsorcion.
GB9724168D0 (en) * 1997-11-14 1998-01-14 Air Prod & Chem Gas control device and method of supplying gas
FR2777626B1 (fr) * 1998-04-21 2000-05-26 Defontaine Vanne a clapets et membrane gonflable
FR2782020B1 (fr) * 1998-08-04 2000-09-15 Air Liquide Procede de separation par adsorption modulee en pression d'un melange de gaz et installation pour sa mise en oeuvre

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2800297B1 (fr) 2001-12-28
EP1095689B1 (de) 2007-01-24
DE60033108D1 (de) 2007-03-15
DE60033108T2 (de) 2007-11-15
ES2280183T3 (es) 2007-09-16
US6517609B1 (en) 2003-02-11
FR2800297A1 (fr) 2001-05-04
JP2001187310A (ja) 2001-07-10
EP1095689A1 (de) 2001-05-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE60033108D1 (de) Vorrichtung zur zyklischen Behandlung eines Fluids durch Adsorption, die Ventile mit verbesserter Dichtigkeit enthält
WO2005073091A3 (en) Package of sensitive articles
MX2008013951A (es) Sistema y metodo para proporcionar una atmosfera regulada para empaque de productos perecederos.
US3932944A (en) Method and apparatus for preventing waterdrops inside a sealed instrument
WO2004026031A3 (en) Organ preservation and transportation apparatus and method
TW200613146A (en) Breachable seal
EP1024034A3 (de) Gehäuse für Drucksensor
DK1455255T3 (da) Regulator til korrosive og reaktive gasser med lav koncentration
ATE440785T1 (de) Vorrichtung zur lecksicheren abdichtung von verpackungsbehältern für empfindliche produkte
DE69013107D1 (de) Tragbare individuelle Schutzvorrichtung mit totaler Isolation und kontrollierter Atmosphäre.
PT1407750E (pt) Dispositivo de fecho para bolsas flexíveis
WO2004052487A8 (en) Rectangular parallelepiped fluid storage and dispensing vessel
ATE80538T1 (de) Vitrine zur aufbewahrung und/oder zur zurschaustellung von gegenstaenden.
DE60312912D1 (de) Dichtungsummantelung für einen Flüssigkeitsbehälter, und Verfahren zum Öffnen des Flüssigkeitsbehälters mit der Dichtungsummantelung
DE60001753D1 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zur freisetzung von einem duftenden oder desinfizierenden stoffs
DE59503440D1 (de) Abfüllanlage für gefährliche schütt- oder fliessfähige medien
AU2003206801A1 (en) Surgical device
JP2009502178A5 (de)
ATE427834T1 (de) Flussigkeitsspeicher und flussigkeitsausstossvorrichtung
WO2010014597A4 (en) Plant acclimatizing enclosure
RU2009102818A (ru) Индикаторная упаковка
DE69520365D1 (de) Gasbetätigungsanordnung
PL1667919T3 (pl) Opakowanie dla tabletek zawierających zapach
NO20005282L (no) Anordning, fremgangsmåte og system for fylling av beholdere
NO973647L (no) Beskyttende organer for ventilerende systemer

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
RER Ceased as to paragraph 5 lit. 3 law introducing patent treaties