ATE406989T1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung hochleistungsfähiger fasermedien und dadurch hergestellte bahnmedien - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung hochleistungsfähiger fasermedien und dadurch hergestellte bahnmedienInfo
- Publication number
- ATE406989T1 ATE406989T1 AT00993008T AT00993008T ATE406989T1 AT E406989 T1 ATE406989 T1 AT E406989T1 AT 00993008 T AT00993008 T AT 00993008T AT 00993008 T AT00993008 T AT 00993008T AT E406989 T1 ATE406989 T1 AT E406989T1
- Authority
- AT
- Austria
- Prior art keywords
- fibers
- sub
- cells
- micron
- micron diameter
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920006253 high performance fiber Polymers 0.000 title 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract 13
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
- D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
- B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
- B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
- D01D5/098—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching
- D01D5/0985—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching by means of a flowing gas (e.g. melt-blowing)
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
- D04H1/43835—Mixed fibres, e.g. at least two chemically different fibres or fibre blends
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
- D04H1/43838—Ultrafine fibres, e.g. microfibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
- D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
- D04H1/492—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H18/00—Needling machines
- D04H18/04—Needling machines with water jets
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H5/00—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H5/02—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length strengthened or consolidated by mechanical methods, e.g. needling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S55/00—Gas separation
- Y10S55/05—Methods of making filter
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/585,381 US6315806B1 (en) | 1997-09-23 | 2000-06-01 | Method and apparatus for producing high efficiency fibrous media incorporating discontinuous sub-micron diameter fibers, and web media formed thereby |
| PCT/US2000/042235 WO2002042043A1 (en) | 2000-06-01 | 2000-11-22 | Method and apparatus for producing high efficiency fibrous media and web media formed thereby |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ATE406989T1 true ATE406989T1 (de) | 2008-09-15 |
Family
ID=26680388
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT00993008T ATE406989T1 (de) | 2000-06-01 | 2000-11-22 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung hochleistungsfähiger fasermedien und dadurch hergestellte bahnmedien |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6315806B1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1341653B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE406989T1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2001249030A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE60040172D1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2311486T3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2002042043A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (140)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2001238376A1 (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2001-08-27 | Charge Injection Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for making fibers |
| GB0005037D0 (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2000-04-26 | Secr Defence | Combined vapour and particulate filter |
| US20030026927A1 (en) * | 2001-07-31 | 2003-02-06 | Reemay, Inc. | Laminate for vacuum cleaner outer bag |
| US20040038014A1 (en) * | 2002-08-20 | 2004-02-26 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Fiber containing filter media |
| US20040038013A1 (en) * | 2002-08-20 | 2004-02-26 | Schaefer James W. | Fiber containing filter media |
| KR101049667B1 (ko) * | 2002-09-17 | 2011-07-14 | 이 아이 듀폰 디 네모아 앤드 캄파니 | 고도의 액체 장벽 직물 |
| US7135134B2 (en) * | 2003-02-19 | 2006-11-14 | Virginia Commonwealth University | Method for forming microscopic polymer interconnections |
| US8487156B2 (en) | 2003-06-30 | 2013-07-16 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Hygiene articles containing nanofibers |
| US20040266300A1 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2004-12-30 | Isele Olaf Erik Alexander | Articles containing nanofibers produced from a low energy process |
| US8395016B2 (en) | 2003-06-30 | 2013-03-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Articles containing nanofibers produced from low melt flow rate polymers |
| US20050026526A1 (en) * | 2003-07-30 | 2005-02-03 | Verdegan Barry M. | High performance filter media with internal nanofiber structure and manufacturing methodology |
| US20050106982A1 (en) * | 2003-11-17 | 2005-05-19 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Nonwoven elastic fibrous webs and methods for making them |
| US7168932B2 (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2007-01-30 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Apparatus for nonwoven fibrous web |
| US6972104B2 (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2005-12-06 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Meltblown die having a reduced size |
| JP2007526806A (ja) * | 2004-02-11 | 2007-09-20 | ザ プロクター アンド ギャンブル カンパニー | 疎水性表面コーティングされた吸収性物品 |
| WO2005103354A1 (en) | 2004-04-19 | 2005-11-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Articles containing nanofibers for use as barriers |
| WO2005103355A1 (en) | 2004-04-19 | 2005-11-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibers, nonwovens and articles containing nanofibers produced from broad molecular weight distribution polymers |
| MXPA06012054A (es) * | 2004-04-19 | 2007-01-25 | Procter & Gamble | Fibras, telas no tejidas y articulos que contienen nanofibras producidas a partir de polimeros con una alta temperatura de transicion vitrea. |
| US20060063456A1 (en) * | 2004-09-22 | 2006-03-23 | Pgi Polymer, Inc. | Nonwoven wiping fabrics having variable surface topography |
| US7390760B1 (en) * | 2004-11-02 | 2008-06-24 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Composite nanofiber materials and methods for making same |
| US20060094320A1 (en) * | 2004-11-02 | 2006-05-04 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Gradient nanofiber materials and methods for making same |
| WO2006055595A2 (en) * | 2004-11-16 | 2006-05-26 | Pgi Polymer, Inc. | Nonwoven sanitizing wipe including an anionic binder formulation |
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| US7332011B1 (en) * | 2005-03-16 | 2008-02-19 | Leslye Sandberg | Equipment air filter assembly |
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| US9139940B2 (en) * | 2006-07-31 | 2015-09-22 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Bonded nonwoven fibrous webs comprising softenable oriented semicrystalline polymeric fibers and apparatus and methods for preparing such webs |
| US9770058B2 (en) | 2006-07-17 | 2017-09-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Flat-fold respirator with monocomponent filtration/stiffening monolayer |
| US7858163B2 (en) * | 2006-07-31 | 2010-12-28 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Molded monocomponent monolayer respirator with bimodal monolayer monocomponent media |
| US7905973B2 (en) * | 2006-07-31 | 2011-03-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Molded monocomponent monolayer respirator |
| US7902096B2 (en) * | 2006-07-31 | 2011-03-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Monocomponent monolayer meltblown web and meltblowing apparatus |
| CA2656470A1 (en) * | 2006-07-31 | 2008-02-07 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Nonwoven web comprising polyarenazole microfibers and process for making same |
| DE602007003379D1 (de) * | 2006-07-31 | 2009-12-31 | Du Pont | Polyarenazol-mikrofilamente und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
| US7947142B2 (en) * | 2006-07-31 | 2011-05-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Pleated filter with monolayer monocomponent meltspun media |
| RU2404306C2 (ru) * | 2006-07-31 | 2010-11-20 | 3М Инновейтив Пропертиз Компани | Способ изготовления формованных фильтрующих изделий |
| US20080060328A1 (en) * | 2006-09-12 | 2008-03-13 | Bha Group, Inc. | Filter and filter media |
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| ATE493957T1 (de) * | 2007-02-13 | 2011-01-15 | Procter & Gamble | Saugfähiger artikel mit barriereschicht |
| EP1958602A1 (de) * | 2007-02-13 | 2008-08-20 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Elastischer saugfähiger Artikel |
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| US8308834B2 (en) * | 2007-03-05 | 2012-11-13 | Bha Group, Inc. | Composite filter media |
| US20090071114A1 (en) * | 2007-03-05 | 2009-03-19 | Alan Smithies | Gas turbine inlet air filtration filter element |
| US7942948B2 (en) * | 2007-03-05 | 2011-05-17 | Bha Group, Inc. | Filter element including a composite filter media |
| US20080315465A1 (en) * | 2007-03-05 | 2008-12-25 | Alan Smithies | Method of manufacturing composite filter media |
| US20080217241A1 (en) * | 2007-03-05 | 2008-09-11 | Alan Smithies | Composite filter media and methods of manufacture |
| US8277711B2 (en) * | 2007-03-29 | 2012-10-02 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Production of nanofibers by melt spinning |
| ATE515275T1 (de) * | 2007-05-15 | 2011-07-15 | Procter & Gamble | Verwendung einer lotionszusammensetzung auf einem saugfähigen artikel zur reduktion von fäkal- oder mensesanhaftung an der haut |
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| US20080315454A1 (en) * | 2007-06-22 | 2008-12-25 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of making meltblown fiber web with staple fibers |
| US7989371B2 (en) * | 2007-06-22 | 2011-08-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Meltblown fiber web with staple fibers |
| US7989372B2 (en) * | 2007-06-22 | 2011-08-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Molded respirator comprising meltblown fiber web with staple fibers |
| EP2178930B1 (de) * | 2007-06-29 | 2012-10-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Funktionelles polymer mit seitenständigem farbumschlagsindikator |
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| US8679217B2 (en) * | 2007-09-07 | 2014-03-25 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Pleated nanoweb structures |
| CN101939072B (zh) * | 2007-11-09 | 2017-04-05 | 霍林斯沃思和沃斯有限公司 | 熔喷过滤介质 |
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| US8986432B2 (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2015-03-24 | Hollingsworth & Vose Company | Meltblown filter medium, related applications and uses |
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| BRPI0821434A2 (pt) * | 2007-12-28 | 2015-06-16 | 3M Innovative Properties Co | Mantas fibrosas não-tecidas compósitas e métodos de preparo e utilização das mesmas |
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| US20110189463A1 (en) * | 2008-06-12 | 2011-08-04 | Moore Eric M | Melt blown fine fibers and methods of manufacture |
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| US8512432B2 (en) * | 2008-08-01 | 2013-08-20 | David Charles Jones | Composite filter media |
| US7922959B2 (en) * | 2008-08-01 | 2011-04-12 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method of manufacturing a composite filter media |
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| JP5586620B2 (ja) * | 2008-11-13 | 2014-09-10 | エーリコン テクスティル ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング ウント コンパニー コマンディートゲゼルシャフト | スパンボンド不織布を製造する装置 |
| US8470236B2 (en) * | 2008-11-25 | 2013-06-25 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process of making a non-woven web |
| EP2379785A1 (de) | 2008-12-30 | 2011-10-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Elastische vliesstoffe, ihre herstellung und verwendung |
| EP2376692B1 (de) | 2009-01-13 | 2013-07-10 | INSERM - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale | Biomimetische nanofaserbahn sowie verfahren und vorrichtung zu ihrer herstellung |
| US8859843B2 (en) | 2009-02-27 | 2014-10-14 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent article with containment barrier |
| WO2010117612A2 (en) | 2009-03-31 | 2010-10-14 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Dimensionally stable nonwoven fibrous webs and methods of making and using the same |
| US8950587B2 (en) | 2009-04-03 | 2015-02-10 | Hollingsworth & Vose Company | Filter media suitable for hydraulic applications |
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- 2000-06-01 US US09/585,381 patent/US6315806B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-11-22 EP EP00993008A patent/EP1341653B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-11-22 AU AU2001249030A patent/AU2001249030A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-11-22 AT AT00993008T patent/ATE406989T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-11-22 WO PCT/US2000/042235 patent/WO2002042043A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-11-22 DE DE60040172T patent/DE60040172D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-11-22 ES ES00993008T patent/ES2311486T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1341653B1 (de) | 2008-09-03 |
| EP1341653A4 (de) | 2005-08-10 |
| DE60040172D1 (de) | 2008-10-16 |
| WO2002042043A1 (en) | 2002-05-30 |
| US6315806B1 (en) | 2001-11-13 |
| ES2311486T3 (es) | 2009-02-16 |
| AU2001249030A1 (en) | 2002-06-03 |
| EP1341653A1 (de) | 2003-09-10 |
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| RER | Ceased as to paragraph 5 lit. 3 law introducing patent treaties |