AU1439900A - Multicore and multimode dispersion managed fibers - Google Patents
Multicore and multimode dispersion managed fibers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU1439900A AU1439900A AU14399/00A AU1439900A AU1439900A AU 1439900 A AU1439900 A AU 1439900A AU 14399/00 A AU14399/00 A AU 14399/00A AU 1439900 A AU1439900 A AU 1439900A AU 1439900 A AU1439900 A AU 1439900A
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- fiber
- dispersion
- cores
- optical
- core
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims description 230
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 202
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 119
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims 5
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 165
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910005793 GeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/028—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with core or cladding having graded refractive index
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02214—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating tailored to obtain the desired dispersion, e.g. dispersion shifted, dispersion flattened
- G02B6/02219—Characterised by the wavelength dispersion properties in the silica low loss window around 1550 nm, i.e. S, C, L and U bands from 1460-1675 nm
- G02B6/02247—Dispersion varying along the longitudinal direction, e.g. dispersion managed fibre
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
- C03B37/01205—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments
- C03B37/01211—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments by inserting one or more rods or tubes into a tube
- C03B37/01222—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments by inserting one or more rods or tubes into a tube for making preforms of multiple core optical fibres
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02042—Multicore optical fibres
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29371—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating principle based on material dispersion
- G02B6/29374—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating principle based on material dispersion in an optical light guide
- G02B6/29376—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating principle based on material dispersion in an optical light guide coupling light guides for controlling wavelength dispersion, e.g. by concatenation of two light guides having different dispersion properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2203/00—Fibre product details, e.g. structure, shape
- C03B2203/10—Internal structure or shape details
- C03B2203/22—Radial profile of refractive index, composition or softening point
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2203/00—Fibre product details, e.g. structure, shape
- C03B2203/32—Eccentric core or cladding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2203/00—Fibre product details, e.g. structure, shape
- C03B2203/34—Plural core other than bundles, e.g. double core
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/028—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with core or cladding having graded refractive index
- G02B6/0281—Graded index region forming part of the central core segment, e.g. alpha profile, triangular, trapezoidal core
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03605—Highest refractive index not on central axis
- G02B6/03611—Highest index adjacent to central axis region, e.g. annular core, coaxial ring, centreline depression affecting waveguiding
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03622—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 2 layers only
- G02B6/03627—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 2 layers only arranged - +
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03638—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only
- G02B6/03644—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only arranged - + -
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03661—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 4 layers only
- G02B6/03666—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 4 layers only arranged - + - +
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03661—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 4 layers only
- G02B6/03683—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 4 layers only arranged - - + +
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/268—Optical coupling means for modal dispersion control, e.g. concatenation of light guides having different modal dispersion properties
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29304—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating
- G02B6/29316—Light guides comprising a diffractive element, e.g. grating in or on the light guide such that diffracted light is confined in the light guide
- G02B6/29317—Light guides of the optical fibre type
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Optical Communication System (AREA)
- Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
- Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10049598P | 1998-09-16 | 1998-09-16 | |
| US60100495 | 1998-09-16 | ||
| PCT/US1999/018090 WO2000016131A2 (en) | 1998-09-16 | 1999-08-10 | Multicore and multimode dispersion managed fibers |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU1439900A true AU1439900A (en) | 2000-04-03 |
Family
ID=22280053
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU14399/00A Abandoned AU1439900A (en) | 1998-09-16 | 1999-08-10 | Multicore and multimode dispersion managed fibers |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1114337A2 (id) |
| JP (1) | JP2002525645A (id) |
| KR (1) | KR20010088804A (id) |
| CN (1) | CN1359474A (id) |
| AU (1) | AU1439900A (id) |
| BR (1) | BR9913334A (id) |
| CA (1) | CA2344200A1 (id) |
| ID (1) | ID30554A (id) |
| TW (1) | TW454099B (id) |
| WO (1) | WO2000016131A2 (id) |
| ZA (1) | ZA995927B (id) |
Families Citing this family (32)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6611648B2 (en) | 2001-05-09 | 2003-08-26 | Corning Incorporated | Optical fibers having cores with different propagation constants, and methods of manufacturing same |
| AU2002356179A1 (en) | 2001-08-22 | 2003-03-10 | Corning Incorporated | Controlled dispersion optical fiber |
| FR2864254B1 (fr) * | 2003-12-23 | 2006-03-03 | Cit Alcatel | Fibre optique multimode hom a gestion de dispersion |
| KR101050885B1 (ko) * | 2003-12-26 | 2011-07-20 | 주식회사 케이티 | 광전송 시스템의 분산 보상 장치 |
| CN100495093C (zh) * | 2007-09-14 | 2009-06-03 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | 强耦合的多芯光纤 |
| US8123400B2 (en) * | 2008-04-16 | 2012-02-28 | Ofs Fitel, Llc | Multi-core fiber grating sensor |
| EP2345915A4 (en) * | 2008-10-03 | 2012-08-15 | Nat University Corp Yokohama Nat University | UNCOPPED MULTI-CORE FIBER |
| JP5367726B2 (ja) | 2008-12-24 | 2013-12-11 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | マルチコア光ファイバ |
| JP5267481B2 (ja) | 2010-02-18 | 2013-08-21 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | マルチコア光ファイバ |
| JP5782502B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-04 | 2015-09-24 | 株式会社フジクラ | マルチコアファイバ、及び、それを用いたマルチコアファイバの接続方法 |
| JP2012203036A (ja) * | 2011-03-23 | 2012-10-22 | Mitsubishi Cable Ind Ltd | 光伝送路 |
| JP5351938B2 (ja) * | 2011-08-17 | 2013-11-27 | 株式会社フジクラ | 結合型マルチコアファイバ |
| JP5867076B2 (ja) * | 2011-12-28 | 2016-02-24 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | マルチコア光ファイバ |
| WO2013134575A1 (en) * | 2012-03-07 | 2013-09-12 | Ofs Fitel, Llc | Grating-based sensor |
| JP2014052410A (ja) * | 2012-09-05 | 2014-03-20 | Mitsubishi Cable Ind Ltd | マルチコア光ファイバ |
| JP6192442B2 (ja) * | 2013-05-16 | 2017-09-06 | 株式会社フジクラ | 結合型マルチコアファイバ |
| JP6421822B2 (ja) * | 2014-08-22 | 2018-11-14 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 光ファイバ |
| WO2016035883A1 (ja) * | 2014-09-05 | 2016-03-10 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | マルチコアファイバおよびその製造方法 |
| CN105091920A (zh) * | 2015-09-02 | 2015-11-25 | 中国电子科技集团公司第八研究所 | 集束光纤光栅传感器 |
| US10001597B2 (en) | 2015-09-22 | 2018-06-19 | Corning Incorporated | Multicore optical fibers and interconnection methods for the same |
| JP2017072818A (ja) * | 2015-10-08 | 2017-04-13 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | マルチコア光ファイバ、マルチコア光ファイバケーブルおよび光ファイバ伝送システム |
| AU2017264006B2 (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2021-10-28 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Multicore optical fiber, fiber bragg grating, and method for manufacturing fiber bragg grating |
| KR101941020B1 (ko) * | 2016-06-14 | 2019-01-22 | 광주과학기술원 | 광섬유를 이용한 전압센서 |
| CN109613646B (zh) * | 2019-01-18 | 2020-07-03 | 厦门大学 | 一种传输光谱存在特征波长的异芯双芯光纤 |
| WO2022003751A1 (ja) * | 2020-06-29 | 2022-01-06 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | マルチコアファイバ、光伝送システム、および、光伝送方法 |
| CN116057438A (zh) * | 2020-12-04 | 2023-05-02 | 株式会社藤仓 | 光纤连接体、光通信系统、光设备、以及光纤连接体的制造方法 |
| EP4285167A4 (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2025-04-02 | Ofs Fitel Llc | Multi-core optical fiber |
| FR3123912B1 (fr) | 2021-06-15 | 2023-06-16 | Draka Comteq France | Procédé de fabrication d'une préforme pour une fibre optique multi-cœurs et procédé de fabrication de fibres optiques multi-cœurs. |
| EP4502683A4 (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2025-07-09 | Sumitomo Electric Industries | MULTI-CORE OPTICAL FIBER |
| JP2025505483A (ja) * | 2022-10-12 | 2025-02-28 | オーエフエス ファイテル,エルエルシー | マイクロベンディング下でのマルチコア光ファイバにおけるクロストークの軽減 |
| CN116345279A (zh) * | 2023-03-15 | 2023-06-27 | 中国地质大学(武汉) | 一种腔孤子及光频梳产生装置及方法 |
| CN121596450A (zh) * | 2024-08-22 | 2026-03-03 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种多芯光纤、光缆及通信系统 |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4478488A (en) * | 1980-11-03 | 1984-10-23 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Information transmission using dispersive optical fibers |
| US5087108A (en) * | 1989-08-11 | 1992-02-11 | Societa' Cavi Pirelli S.P.A. | Double-core active-fiber optical amplifier having a wide-band signal wavelength |
| FR2728693B1 (fr) * | 1994-12-21 | 1997-01-31 | Alcatel Cable | Procede de fabrication d'un repartiteur optique multifibre et repartiteur optique obtenu selon ce procede |
| US5894537A (en) * | 1996-01-11 | 1999-04-13 | Corning Incorporated | Dispersion managed optical waveguide |
-
1999
- 1999-08-10 CA CA002344200A patent/CA2344200A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-08-10 CN CN99810832A patent/CN1359474A/zh active Pending
- 1999-08-10 EP EP99969152A patent/EP1114337A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-08-10 WO PCT/US1999/018090 patent/WO2000016131A2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-08-10 JP JP2000570612A patent/JP2002525645A/ja active Pending
- 1999-08-10 KR KR1020017003356A patent/KR20010088804A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-08-10 ID IDW20010838A patent/ID30554A/id unknown
- 1999-08-10 BR BR9913334-2A patent/BR9913334A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-08-10 AU AU14399/00A patent/AU1439900A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-09-15 ZA ZA9905927A patent/ZA995927B/xx unknown
- 1999-09-26 TW TW088116554A patent/TW454099B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20010088804A (ko) | 2001-09-28 |
| TW454099B (en) | 2001-09-11 |
| ID30554A (id) | 2001-12-20 |
| BR9913334A (pt) | 2002-06-18 |
| JP2002525645A (ja) | 2002-08-13 |
| EP1114337A2 (en) | 2001-07-11 |
| CN1359474A (zh) | 2002-07-17 |
| ZA995927B (en) | 2000-04-04 |
| CA2344200A1 (en) | 2000-03-23 |
| WO2000016131A3 (en) | 2000-05-25 |
| WO2000016131A9 (en) | 2000-11-16 |
| WO2000016131A2 (en) | 2000-03-23 |
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