AU629112B2 - Non-dispersable vermiculite products - Google Patents
Non-dispersable vermiculite products Download PDFInfo
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- AU629112B2 AU629112B2 AU73695/91A AU7369591A AU629112B2 AU 629112 B2 AU629112 B2 AU 629112B2 AU 73695/91 A AU73695/91 A AU 73695/91A AU 7369591 A AU7369591 A AU 7369591A AU 629112 B2 AU629112 B2 AU 629112B2
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- Prior art keywords
- vermiculite
- dispersion
- water
- lamellae
- articles
- Prior art date
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- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 84
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 title claims description 84
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 84
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 22
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 7
- -1 organo cations Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- NXLOLUFNDSBYTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N retene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=C(C(C)C)C=C3C=CC2=C1C NXLOLUFNDSBYTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001767 cationic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001411 inorganic cation Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001410 inorganic ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CYPPCCJJKNISFK-UHFFFAOYSA-J kaolinite Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])=O CYPPCCJJKNISFK-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052604 silicate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PYYAWVPCKUSCHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tert-butyl-1-methylaziridin-1-ium Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[N+]1(C)CC1 PYYAWVPCKUSCHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BEWCNXNIQCLWHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(tert-butylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCNC(C)(C)C BEWCNXNIQCLWHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTJIKSRARSRPBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenyl-1-methylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound C[N+]1=CC=CC=C1C=C DTJIKSRARSRPBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDSNLYIMUZNERS-UHFFFAOYSA-O 2-methylpropanaminium Chemical compound CC(C)C[NH3+] KDSNLYIMUZNERS-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- RUACIFFMSHZUKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-O 3-Acrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCCNC(=O)C=C RUACIFFMSHZUKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- DOGGXPNAGLBDQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethylhex-3-en-3-ylphosphane Chemical compound CCC(P)=C(CC)CC DOGGXPNAGLBDQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical group C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-O Methylammonium ion Chemical compound [NH3+]C BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NJSSICCENMLTKO-HRCBOCMUSA-N [(1r,2s,4r,5r)-3-hydroxy-4-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyloxy-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl] 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)O[C@H]1C(O)[C@@H](OS(=O)(=O)C=2C=CC(C)=CC=2)[C@@H]2OC[C@H]1O2 NJSSICCENMLTKO-HRCBOCMUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- YVEJDOBFMBXLPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl-dimethyl-prop-2-enylazanium Chemical compound C=CC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 YVEJDOBFMBXLPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JICFQYPWVWVLPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl-methyl-prop-2-enylsulfanium Chemical compound C(=C)C[S+](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JICFQYPWVWVLPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001919 chlorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052619 chlorite group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorous acid Chemical compound OCl=O QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIOJGTBNHQAVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-bis(prop-2-enyl)azanium Chemical compound C=CC[N+](C)(C)CC=C YIOJGTBNHQAVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BMFVGAAISNGQNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentylamine Chemical compound CC(C)CCN BMFVGAAISNGQNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052615 phyllosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N polynoxylin Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-O propan-1-aminium Chemical compound CCC[NH3+] WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000012260 resinous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PUVAFTRIIUSGLK-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CC1CO1 PUVAFTRIIUSGLK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VZTGWJFIMGVKSN-UHFFFAOYSA-O trimethyl-[3-(2-methylprop-2-enoylamino)propyl]azanium Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)NCCC[N+](C)(C)C VZTGWJFIMGVKSN-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
- C04B14/20—Mica; Vermiculite
- C04B14/206—Mica or vermiculite modified by cation-exchange; chemically exfoliated vermiculate
- C04B14/208—Mica or vermiculite modified by cation-exchange; chemically exfoliated vermiculate delaminated mica or vermiculite platelets
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
DIVSIATI
I N, k Lodge d 9- r 1 I: i 1., i 629112 S F Ref: 77171D1 FORM COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA PATENTS ACT 1952 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(ORIGINAL)
FOR OFFICE USE: Class Int Class 00 0 000 0 00o 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 pO 0 @4 04 0 0 0 00 0 0 040 Complete Specification Lodged: Accepted: Published: Priority: Related Art: Name and Address of Applicant: 0 1 0 0 0 t e O4 04 0 1 o o
I
Hercules Incorporated Hercules Plaza Wilmington Delaware 19894 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Spruson Ferguson, Patent Attorneys Level 33 St Martins Tower, 31 Market Street Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia Address for Service: Complete Specification for the invention entitled: Non-Dispersible Vermiculite Products The following statement Is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me/us 5845/3 1- NON-DISPERSIBLE VERMICULITE PRODUCTS Abstract of the Disclosure A process for improving the water resistance of shaped articles formed by removing the water from an aqueous dispersion of vermiculite lamellae containing an anionic polyacrylamide, and the shaped articles so formo'd, are disclosed.
'4, KEH/563 1A This invention concerns products comprising vermiculite having iproved structural stability in the presence of water.
It is known that vermiculite ore, a type of layer mineral (and other layer-silicate minerals containing vermiculite layers, hydrobiotite or chlorite vermiculite), can be delaminated and then sheared to form an aqueous dispersion of tiny particles or platelets of vermiculite known as vermiculite lamellae. It is also known that such dispersions of vermiculite lamellae can be used to fabricate shaped articles or products such as paper, sheets, rigid foams or composites with other fibrous materials.
For example, vermiculite ore can be heated to temperatures in excess of 1000"F to exfoliate or expand vermiculite ore particles followed by P' dispersing the particles in water and then mechanically shearing the particles to the desired size. Such a process is described in U.S. Patents 4,486,235 and 4,271,228.
Alternatively, vermiculite ore can be contacted with a solution of hydrogen peroxide, which swells the vermiculite ore particles, and the swollen particles can be mechanically sheared to platelets or lamellae of a desired size. Such a process is described in U.S. Patent 4,486,235.
In another process for producing dispersions of vermiculite lamellae, described in U.S. Patents 4,608,303 and 3,325,340 and British Patent Ii Specification 1,593,382, aqueous suspensions of swollen vermiculite ore particles are prepared by substituting monovalent inorganic cations and/or S organo cations for exchangeable cations retained by the ore, followed by aoueous washing to effect macroscopic ore particle swelling. The swollen ore particles are then mechanically sheared to delamlnate the vermiculite particulite structure and produce an aqueous dispersion of vermiculite Slamellae.
Other process for delaminating vermiculite ore and making useful product fom them are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,472,478; 3,791,969; 3,434,917; and G.B. Patent Nos. 2,007,153; 1,585,104; 1,119,305 and 1,076,786.
The term "vermiculite" refers to all layer minerals known as vermiculite in mineralogical or commercial contexts, and includes minerals consisting wholly or largely of vermiculite, including minerals of a mixed-layer type (phyllosilicates) that contain vermiculite layers as a constitutent (such as hydroblotites and chlorite-vermiculites) and t can be delaminated in the same way as vermiculite. While vermiculite Is the KEH/1563R i /7l 11 -2-
I
t 4 ft 444
U
re
I
4 444 ft 4 I 4 preferred layer mineral, other layer minerals may be delaminated, including montmorillonite, kaolinite and clays comprising sepiolite, kaolinite, and other layer silicate minerals that can be delaminated to produce lamellae or plate-like particles.
Vermiculite lamellae or platelets have a particle size typically less than 200 microns, preferably less than 50 microns, have a thickness dimension that is small compared to the other two dimensions, and have an "aspect ratio" length or breadth divided by thickness) of at least preferably at least 100 and more preferably at least 1,000, for example, 10,000.
Articles composed wholly of vermiculite ore particles or composites comprising vermiculite ore particles possess a degree of structural integrity and such useful properties as high heat resistance making them particularly suited for use, for example, as thermal insulation materials, 1\5 fireproof covering and packaging material and refractory facing materials.
Notwithstanding such advantageous and useful properties, however, commercial uses of vermiculite articles have been limited by their poor resistance to water; such articles tend to disintegrate after prolonged immersion. Known methods to maintain the structural integrity of the vermiculite lamellae maintained in aqueous media over long periods of time. Such methods typically use additives for dispersions of vermiculite lamellae that are known to increase wet-strength, or incorporate such wet-strength improvers into articles formed from the vermiculite lamellae.
These methods include post-fabrication treatment of such articles with ammonia vapor or the vapor of an organo amine compound, or with aqueous solutions of electrolytes. Other methods include treatment of dispersions of vermiculite lamellae with solutions of Inorganic ions or a source of ammonia or ammonia ions, preferably urea, or the incorporation of up to of a urea-formaldehyde or melamine-formaldehyde resin into a dispersion of vermiculite lamellae as disclosed In U.S. Patent 4,485,203.
Such methods, however, have been found to be less than satisfactory as they either involve tedious and expensive post-treatment, or require the incorporation of Inorganic ions or electrolytes that reduce wet-strength properties in the presence of exchangeable or competing ions, or the incorporation of relatively large quantities of resinous materials, which often degrade the desirable high temperature properties of vermiculite articles.
There Is therefore a need for an improved process for producing rtt 14i 44 KEH/1563R shaped vermiculite articles having excellent resistance to water dispersibility that avoids those undesirable aspects of the known processes.
According to a first embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a process for improving the structural stability in the presence of water of shaped articles formed by removing the water from an aqueous dispersion of vermiculite lamellae, by first incorporating in the dispersion an anionic polyacrylamide in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 50% by weight, based on the dry weight of vermiculite in the dispersion.
According to a second embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a shaped article formed by removing the water from an aqueous dispersion of vermiculite lamellae made by the process as claimed the preceding embodiment characterized in that the anionic polyacrylamide is absorbed or adsorbed by the vermiculite lamellae and forms a coating on the vermiculite surface of the article.
The shaped vermiculite articles formed by the process according to the invention have excellent resistance to water. It is believed that the anionic polyacrylamides are absorbed or adsorbed by the vermiculite lamellae by electrostatic forces to form complete or partial coatings, and are retained on the vermiculite mineral surface in the finished shaped articles.
Examples of preferred anionic polyacrylamide compounds useful in this invention include those commercially available under the trademark Reten from Hercules Incorporated, particularly Reten 521, 523 and 827; those available under the Polyfloc of Separans line marketed by Dow Chemical Company under the formulas Dowell M-114, Dowell M-172 and Dowell M-173; Cyflocs marketed by American Cyanamd as formulas 4000, 4010, 4020 and 4 4500; Puriflocs manufactured by Dow Chomlcal Corporation; those available under the Nalcolyte series of anionics manufactured by Nalco Chemical Company; and, Sumifloc FA available from Sumltomo Chemical Company; of which the more highly anionic compounds are most preferred, Reten@ 521 and 523, Dowell M-144, or Cyfloc 4000, The anionic polyacrylamide compound can be Incorporated into the dispersion of vermiculite lamellae at any stage during the production or use thereof. Typically, the anionic polyacrylamide is most conveniently added to the post-formed dispersion of vermiculite lamellae prior to the fabrication of shaped articles therefrom, However, if desirable, the KEH/1 563R 4 anionic polyacrylamide can alternatively be Incorporated into a suspension 6f expanded, exfoliated or swollen ore particles prior to sheering and delamination of the particles to produce lamellae of a desired size.
The amount of anionic polyacrylamide compound incorporated Into the dispersion of vermiculite lamellae will range generally from about 0.01% to about .50% by weight, preferably from about 0.01% to about 4% by weight, based upon the dry weight of vermiculite in the dispersion. Total solids content of dispersions of vermiculite lamellae useful in this invention can range generally from about 0.1% to about 70% by weight dry vermiculite, preferably from about 2% to about 35% by weight. The amount of anionic compound to be employed can be influenced by such factors as the specific compound employed, the total solids content of dispersion and the level of water non-disperslbility desired in the shaped articles manufactured from to I the dispersions. Although the amount of anionic compound employed may o5 range outside of those levels described, in general, amounts of about 2% or less have been found to be adequate to achieve the desired level of water non-dispersibility in finished articles, with amounts greater than about 2% producing no significant advantage in effecting water non-dispersibilty.
Depending on the charge density of the anionic compound employed, whether it be highly anionic or partially so, such compound can be added I directly to dispersions of vermiculite lamellae in amounts and at such a rate that the dispersion is not Immediately flocculated. If desired, a deflocculating agent may be employed in the dispersion before the incorporation of the compound. Of course, the anionic compound may be added as a solution in a suitable solvent to the dispersion of vermiculite lamellae should this route prove to be more convenient to the manufacturer. In any event, the method of addition of the anionic compound to the dispersion of vermiculite lamellae or to the aqueous solution of non-sheared exfoliated or swollen vermiculite ore particles Is not critical.
Dispersions of vermiculite lamellae having Incorporated therein an anionic compound In accordance with this Invention can be used to manufacture any article comprising vermiculite as disclosed by the prior art, for example, films, coatings, sheets and non-sheet solids composed of in part or substantially wholly vermiculite lamellae, by any method known In the art.
A preferred process for producing the dispersions of vermiculite lamellae used In accordance with this Invention KEH/1563R ,is one chosen from those described in U.S. Patents 4,608,303 and 3,325,340, and British Patent Specification 1,593,382 already referred to, in which monovalent inorganic cations and/or organo cations are substituted for exchangeable cations retained by the ore and an aqueous washing, step swells the macroscopic ore particles. The swollen ore particles are then mechanically sheared to delaminate the vermiculite particulite structure and produce an aqueous dispersion of vermiculite lamellae.
Preferred organo cations known from prior art to effect S 0 vermiculite ore particle swelling invention are diallyl- 04C 0 aoe, dimethylammonium, diallylammonium, allyldimethylsulfonium, n-butylammonium, iso-butylammonium, propylammonium, isoamylammonium, crotyltriethylammonium, methacryloxyethyltri- 15 methylammonium, 3-acryloxyneopentyltrimethylammonium, 't 2-methacryloxyethyltertiarybutylammonium, methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium, acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium, butenyltrimethylammonium, vinylpyridinium ions such as N-methyl-2-vinylpyridinium, vinylbenzyldimethylsulfonium, P, 20 vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium, 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium, triethylvinylphosphonium, tributylvinylphosphonium, a -ammonium-U-butyrolactone, glycidyltrimethylammonium, S 1-methyl-l-tertiarybutylaziridinium, and 1-ethyl-l,2,-3trimethylazetidinum.
Of those preferred organo cations capable of swelling vermiculite ore particles, the most preferred are alkylammonium compounds having at least 3 carbon atoms in at least one alkyl group, especially diallyldimethylammonium, and useful in amounts ranging from about 50% to about 200% by weight based on the amount of vermiculite present in the aqueous suspension.
Other materials may be added to dispersions of vermiculite lamellae produced in accordance with this invention, depending on the particular properties and end uses contemplated of articles manufactured therefrom. For example, continuous (filamentary), discontinuous (chopped or staple), or agglomerates of carbon (graphite), glass, boron, silica or ceramic type fibers can be impregnated with or incorporated into dispersions of vermiculite lamellae in accordance with this invention to prepare fibrous vermiculite composite structures having excellent water non-dispersibility.
The following examples more fully illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention.
0o EXAMPLE 1 This example illustrates the preparation of water nondispersible films from dispersions of vermiculite lamellae having incorporated therein, preferred anionic polyacrylamides in accordance with the instant invention.
An aqueous dispersion of vermiculite lamellae is pre- S pared by first digesting 15 weight percent Grade 4 vermicu- Slite ore particles (ASTM Material Designation C-516) in a 20 saturated sodium chloride solution at reflux for 2 hours, then cooling the resulting suspension to room temperature and Sfiltering. Excess salts are then removed from the filtrate by washing with distilled water.
594 grams of the sodium exchanged vermiculite ore prepared above is digested with agitation in 1.1 liters of 2 molar diallyldimethylammonium chloride solution at reflux for 8 hours, then cooled to room temperature. After washing and agitating 4 times with 1.1 liters of distilled water, ultimately resulting in a 54 weight solids suspension of exfoliated or swollen vermiculite ore particles, a shearing action is then applied which results in an aqueous dispersion of vermiculite lamellae.
Iti c~l-~4 7 Portions of the indicated anionic polyacrylamide compounds are then idded to the dispersion of vermiculite lamellae in the respective amounts indicated in Table I below. After a thorough mixing of each compound in the vermiculite lamellae dispersion, a film of each is cast and allowed to dry over a three day period, then cured at 80 0 C for 1 hour. A l"xl" sample of each film is then placed in room temperature and boiling water to check for water dispersibllity and the respective results recorded in Table I.
As demonstrated by the results in Table I, a sample of vermiculite sheet material prepared from vermiculite lamellae containing no anionic polyacrylamide in accordance with this invention is observed to disintegrate after exposure to room temperature water for less than one 4 hour, and after exposure to boiling water for less than one-half hour.
ABLE
TABLE I 9 0 o P 0 0 0 o o 04 O O *0 9 9 Water Non-Dispersbillity Anionic polyacrylamide CQmLQu1d *Weignt Addtion Room Temperature (hours)__ Boiling .(hours 4 1 S 0 £44 c 4 Blank 0 Reten 521 2 Reten 523 2 Reten 827 _.1 based on percent vermiculite present.
1~ KEH/1563R
Claims (4)
1. A process for improving the structural stability in the presence of water of shaped articles formed by removing the water from an aqueous dispersion of vermiculite lamellae, by first incorporating in the dispersion an anionic polyacrylamide in an amount of from about 0.01% to about '50% by weight, based on the dry weight of vermiculite in the dispersion.
2. A process for improving the structural stability of shaped articles as claimed in claim 1, further characterized in that the amount of anionic polyacrylamide is from about 0.1% to about 2% by weight, based upon the dry weight of vermiculite In the dispersion. 0 o I, 3. A process for improving the structural stability of shaped a o articles as claimed in claim I or 2, further characterized in that the 00 0 0 oo amount of total solids in the dispersion is from about 0.1% to about 70% by weight of dry vermiculite.
4. A process for improving the structural stability of shaped oo articles as claimed in claim 1 or 2, further characterized in that the amount of total solids In the dispersion Is from about 2% to about A process for improving the structural stability in the presence of water of shaped articles formed by removing the water from an aqueous S dispersion of vermiculite lamellae substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of the Examples.
6. A shaped article formed by removing the water from an aqueous S dispersion of vermiculite lamellae made by the process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anionic polyacrylamide is absorbed or adsorbed by the vermiculite lamellae and forms a coating on the vermicillite surface of the artiLle. DATED this SEVENTH day of MARCH 1991 Hercules Incorporated Patent Attorneys for the Applicant SPRUSON FERGUSON .KEH/1563R
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU73695/91A AU629112B2 (en) | 1987-11-20 | 1991-03-21 | Non-dispersable vermiculite products |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US123468 | 1987-11-20 | ||
| US07/123,468 US4885330A (en) | 1987-11-20 | 1987-11-20 | Non-dispersible vermiculite products |
| AU73695/91A AU629112B2 (en) | 1987-11-20 | 1991-03-21 | Non-dispersable vermiculite products |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU25713/88A Division AU611232B2 (en) | 1987-11-20 | 1988-11-18 | Non-dispersible vermiculite products |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU7369591A AU7369591A (en) | 1991-06-13 |
| AU629112B2 true AU629112B2 (en) | 1992-09-24 |
Family
ID=25637381
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU73695/91A Ceased AU629112B2 (en) | 1987-11-20 | 1991-03-21 | Non-dispersable vermiculite products |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU629112B2 (en) |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU611232B2 (en) * | 1987-11-20 | 1991-06-06 | Hercules Incorporated | Non-dispersible vermiculite products |
-
1991
- 1991-03-21 AU AU73695/91A patent/AU629112B2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU611232B2 (en) * | 1987-11-20 | 1991-06-06 | Hercules Incorporated | Non-dispersible vermiculite products |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU7369591A (en) | 1991-06-13 |
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