AU6383473A - Electronic musical effects - Google Patents

Description

4, :INTRUMfONS

If Convention

COMMONWEALTH OF, Patents Act

63)834 /73 APPLICATION FOR. Insert FULL name(s) of I/We C)Hammond Corporation applicant(s)

Insert FULL address(es) of of 100 Wilmot Road, Deerfield, applicant(s)

,hereb.y apply for the grant of a Patent for an invention entitled ORGAN SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATICALLY PRODUCING RUNS 'OF ofinsention CHARACTER e)I n e r T. OR pr4, in

which is described in the accompanying complete specification.

(Note: The following paragraph applies only to, Convention applications) Insert "complete

This application is a Convention application based on the basic application(s) for a patent or similir protection identified by number, country, and filing date as follows: cos.ntry aad Sexria1 No. 324,238 United States Filed: January 16, 1973 filing dat, for of Amterica. basic application

Address for Service: PHILLIPS ORMONDR AND FITZPATRICK Patent and Trad,. Mark Attorneys 37-41 Queen Street Melbourne, Australia

Insert DATE of signing Dated (g)44/ 0 1973

(hi) Signature of 0 Q~Hammond applicant(s) (For body Corporation corporate see headnote-*)

Corporatc seal If any

Note: No legalization or other witness By required f' rnn 4 4

(I ICOMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA

3 834 3 Patents Act

DECLARATION FOR A PATENT APPLICATION V INSTRUCTIONS Insert "Convention" if applicab In supporL of the Convention application made by le Insert FULL namne(s) Hammond Corporation of tpplicant(s)

Insert "of addition" if applicable (hereinafter called "applicant(s)") for a patent(c for an Insert TITLE of invention entitled (d) invention

ORGAN SYSTEM FOR AUTOM~ATICALLY PRODUCING RUNS OF VARIOUS CHARACTER (ei llsislrf FULL namne(s) AN 4tddress(es) of I/We (e) 'deiarant~s) Lawrence A. Zinder, Vice President ,,(See lipalnote*) Hammond Corporation 100 Wilmot Road Deirfield, Illinois 60015, United Statesg Of do solemn 1v and sincerelv declare s follows: America. d. soem (or, in the case ofan application by a body corporate) 1. Iam/Weft-r authorized to make this declaration on behalf of the applicant(s).

(or, where the 'applicant(s) is/are not the actual inventor(s)) If) Insevt FULL rinm (s) (f) SSND adtiress(es) Of isctuaaIinentoris) Adelore F. Petrie 7 West Lillian Avenue Arlington Heights, Illinois 60004, United States of America.

lfccite hsisvappli- is/are the actual inventor(s) of the invention and the facts upon which the applicant(s) cant(s)derive(s) title "rm~ actual is/are entitled to make the application are as follows: leadnote**l The applicant company is the assignee of the invention frora the actual inventor.

(Note: Paragraphs 3 and 4 apply only to Convention applications) (hi Insert coon try. Fibogdate, and 3. The basic application(s) for patent or similar protection on which the application is based basic applicantlsi is/are identified by counztry, filing date, and basic applicant(s) as follows: fur thcto EACH basic application (h) United States of America Filed: January 16, 1973 Serial No. 324,238 by Adelore F. Petrie

4. The basic application(s) referred to in paragraph 3 hereof was/were the first applicaton(s) made in a Convention country in respect of the invention the subject of the application. Wk Intert PLACE' of signing latert DATE of signing Declared at Deerfield, Illinois, U.S.A. Dated (I) P 1973 Signature(s) of 4^ A,(tn) declarffntls) HMsm nd. M. Notes No legalization oc otlter witness required By-- nce A. Zinder, Vice President To: The$--ompisioier of Patents

L COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA

Patents Act

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (ORIGINAL)

63,83 4 7 Class Int. Class

Application Number: ,e 3 3031-73 -Co/ Lodged: 6 /tR,3

Complete Specification Lodged: 1.3 -7C C() Aeepted: a-2/6yQ-73 Published: Priority: 1/i/ 173.

-Related Art:

APPLICANT'S REF.: Case 1 Name(s) of Applicant(s):HAYMOND CORPORATION

Address(es) of Applicant(s): 2915 North Western Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60618, United States of America.

Actual Inventor(s): Adelore F. Petrie

Address for Service is: PHILIPS, ORMONDE FITZPATRICK Patent and Trade Mark Attorneys 37-41 Queen Street Melbourne, Australia, 3000 4 Complete Specification for the invention

"ORGAN SYSTEM FOR AUTO14ATICALLY PRODUCING RUNS OF VARIOUS CHARACTER"

The following statenment is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing

Organ systems for automatically or semiautomatically

produicing complicated run effects customarily requiring a high order of playing skill,

The most nearly similar prior art known to the applicant

is exemplified by Young U. S. Patent No. 3,358,070. In that

arrangement a supplementary miniature keyboard capable of playing

all of the notes in several octaves by stroking a finger along the

keyboard is connected in series through special contacts. in one of

the main organ keyboards such that all of the contacts in the

miniature keyboard are dead excepting those which cu~respond to

the keys being held in the main or control keyboard or notes in

octave relaition thereto. Thus, if in the main keyboard, the chord

CEO is held, running a finger along the miniature keyboard from

left to right plays the arpeggio CEO CEG CE etc. up the scale.

The reverse occurs if the miniature keyboard is stroked from right

to left. In addition to the miniature keyboards shown in this

Young p~atent, another device for the same purpose forms the subject

of a patent application, Serial No. 272,681 filed by Charles A. Dyle

and John Edwards for "Arpeggio Keyboard". This may be of

interest, but refereice thereto is not necessary since the particular

form the supplemental miniAture keyboard takes is incidental to the

present invention.

Although the previously mentioned Young patent discloses an

arrangement for playing an arpeggio consisting of the notes held in,

one of the main keyboards, or notes in octave relation thereto, by

the use of a miniature keyboard having contacts for all of the notes

in the scale, the Young arrangement is limited to this mode of play.

The present system includes this arpeggio mode of play of the Young

patent, but automatically switches to one of two other modes of play when such other modes are more suitable. For example, if only one key is being h"ld in the lower keyboard (the preferred keyboard for control purposes, although either could be used), the Young arpeggio arrangement will play only this one note and those octavely related thereto. This is considered an insufficient response to be of practical value. The system of the present invention under the same conditions (only one key held in the lower manual) makes available for play on the supplementary miniature keyboard the six notes of the whole tone scale of which the note held is a member.

For those who may not be familiar with the whole tone scales,

it should be understood that there are two whole tone scales of six

notes each which consist.of notes a whole tone apart. The two are

what will be referred to hereafter as the C whole tone scale consisting

of the notes C, D, E, A# and the C# whole tone scale consisting

of notes F, G, A and B.

Thus, for instance, if the single note D is held in the

lower manual, it will, of course, play in the usual manner from the

lower manual resources, and if in addition the miniature keyboard is

stroked from left to right, the upper manual keyers will play in suc-

cession CI, Dl, El, F#1, G#i, A#1 Cg 2 D2 E2 F#2 etc., depending

upon how long the stroke is over the keys of the miniature keyboard

and the points of beginning and ending.

Although the lower manual is used to control what keys are

live in the miniature keyboard, it is suggested that the response to

play on the miniature keyboard be from the resources of the upper

-keyboard where there usually is a better selection of tones suitable

for sole play. Although either manual can be used for control and

either setting or a special setting can be used to respond to the

miniature keyboard, this description 4 n the interest of definiteness

i

Thy

will proceed upon the assumption that the lower manual keys

will be used to determine the keys which are live (will play)

on the miniature keyboard, but that the keyers actuated by the

miniature keyboard will be those which normally respond to play

upon the upper manual or separate keyers, preferably percussion

keyers, using sources for the upper manual.

If more than one key is held in the lower manual, but

all so held are within the same whole tone scale, play upon the

supplementary keyboard will be the same as if a single key for

any note in that whole tone scale was being held. Thus, the

system gives a six note response under these conditions, but

since there is no tonic, no identifiable key, the response cannot

be out of keeping with the music being played.

If thre or four keys are being held in the lower manual,

this customarily will represent a recognized chord. A few of these

have all notes within a single whole tone scale and in this case the

live keys in the miniature keyboard will represent the six notes of

that scale. Usually, however, the chord will have notes in both

whole tone scales. Under these conditions the live keys in the small

keyboard will automatically be the three or four for the notes of the

chord and those octavely related thereto. This is the musically pre-

ferred response and prevents the inadvertent play of accidentals and

unsatisfactory intervals.

Under conditions where no keys are being held in the lower

manual, the miniature keyboard of the Young patent has no live keys.

With the present system under these conditions all miniature keys

are live. When stroked, therefore, the system plays the complete

half tone scale, more properly designated the chromatic scale. This

is the most suitable response under conditions where there is no lower manual note being held which suggests some other response as being more suitable.

Although these responses are com~pletely uttoniatic, they are nevertheless under the control of the musician. That

is, if the musician desires one of the whole tone scales as a

run, it is necessary merely to ho 'one key in the lower manual

which is in that whole tone scale. It a complete chromatic

scal is desired, all keys in the lower manual are momentarily

released, and so on,

The important aspect of the invention from the musician's

standpoint is -that whenever the miniature keyboard is stroked,

there is always some series of notes that play a run, and the

series played is always suitable to the musical situation.

In this descrtption, the supplementary keyboard for

playing the runs is referred to in most Instances as a miniature

keyboard, and this is the preferred arrangement, since it is easy

to stroke and requires little space, but this supplementary keyboard

can be of almost any size. Its important aspect is that it be a

separate arrangement or keyboard in which certain note playing con-

tacts are live or dead as determined by a control keyboard.

Figf 1 is a simplified circuit diagram showing a portion of the system an 1-4mited to avoid confvsion to a single group of

representative noteso the octave group of C notes, plus the busses

for the other note groups; and

Fig. 2 is a diagranmiatic representation of a circuit board

which form~s a portion of the system and is used in conjunction with

the circuit of Fig. 1,

Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings, a -28 v. source is

indicated at terminal 10. This source is connected by line 12 to one side of the contact sets operated by all of the keys -of the lower manual. These contact sets are labeled 14, 16, 18, and 22 for the playing keys for the notes Cj, C2, C3, C4 and respectively, The playing keys for actuating the contacts are indicated respectively by the numerals 15, 17, 19, 21 and

23. The lead from the other side of contact set 14 is connected

to the cathode of diode 24, the anode of which is connected to

a C bus 34. Similarly, the other contact sets 16, 18, 20 and 22

are connected through identically polarized diodes 26, 28, 30 and

32, respectively, to the C bus 34. The common point between contacts

14 and diode 24 is connected by a lead 36 to the lower manual keyer

38 for the CInote. When the contacts 14 are closed by pressing the

lower manual C 1 key 15, the -28 v. potential is applied to keyer 38

and this connects the lower manual Cl tone signal source 40 to an

output lead 42. The keyer 38 may be entirely conventional a.d

operates in a conventional manner and needs no detailed description.

The output lead 42 is connected to the output system 44 of the organ

which may be conventional and, therefore, needs no description.

The output sides of key contacts 16, 18, 20 and 22 are

similarly connected to the lower manual keyers for the notes C2 C3

C 4 and C 5 respectively. To avoid confusion, only one of these

additional keyers, the one for C5 is indicated at 46. Thus, whenever

any lower manual C key is pressed, its keyer is turned on and the

signal for the C note called for by that key is applied to the output

44. S~multaneously, playing any lower manual C key applies the

-28 v. potential to the C bus 34 without distinction as between which

C key is played. The diodes 24-32 provide isolation so that the

-28 v. potential applied to the bus 34 by playing one C key cannot

feed back and actuate the keyers for t.he other C notes.

The C bus 34 is connected by lead 48 to one side of

a contact set 50 actuated by a key 51 for the C1 note in the

supplemental or miniature keyboard. This keyboard may be of

the type previously discussed and needs no special description.

Essentially, it may consist of several octaves of keys about

one eighth inch wide without the usual distinction as between the

black and white keys with each key having its own contact set.

Since these miniature keys are intended to be stroked in succession

rather than for individual play, this keyboard can consist simply of

the contact sets in a row with a covering providing a smooth flexible

surface for a finger to slide over as described in the previously

mentioned patent and pending application.

The other side of the miniature key contact set 50 is

connected to a keyer 52 which when it receives a negative potential

acts to connect the upper manual source 54 for the Cl signal to the

output 44, The keyer 52, which may be conventional, may be the same

keyer used to connect the upper manual Cl source to the output when

the C1 key in the upper manual is played, or it may be separate with

a separate or the same C1 source, depending upon the organization of

the particular organ and the type of response desired. Preferably,

the keyer 52 provides a percussive envelope.

The other C contact sets in the miniature keyboard, C2

C3 C, C indicated respectively at 56, 58, 57a and 59a and actuated

respectively by keys 53, 55, 57 and 59 ate similarly connected between

the C bus and their individual keyers for the appropriate C note. In

the interest of avoiding confusion, only one of these additional

keyers, for the C5 note, is'shown and is indicated at 56.

Thus, playing any C key in the lower manual applies -28 v.

potential to the C bus 34 and this mikes all of the C keys in the miniature keyboard live, such that if any of them are pressed, the appropriate C note for that key is sounded by actuation of i:he proper keyers 52 or 56 or those in between.

This same arrangement is duplicated for each of the

twelve note systems and since the circuits are alike, separate

illustration and description of these is not necessary. For purpose

of orientation, however, the busses for each of these, equivalent to

the C bus 34, are shown and each of these busses is connected to its

own terminal. These terminals are indicated by the numerals 60, 61,

62, 63 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70 and 71 for the C, D, E,

F, G G, A, A# and B busses, respectively. In the interest of

convenience of reference, those bus terminals in the C whole tone

scale have even numbers and those in the C# whole tone scale

odd numbers.

The system so far described is equivalent to the previously

mentioned Young system. Whatever keys are held in the lower manual

will make live the same keys and those octavely related thereto in

the miniature keyboard. The only substantial difference is that

whereas the Young patented system provides an additional set of con-

tacts under the playing keys of the lower ianual for controlling the

miniature keyboard, the present system uses the same lower manual

key contacts both for regular play of the lower manual tone signal

sources and for control of the miniature keyboard, isolation of the

lower manual keyers from the busses, 34 for instance, being accom-

plished by the diodes 24-32 for example. So far as the player ts concerned, no difference can be noted.

Referring to Fig. 2, a circuit board 80 is shown with

fourteen terminals along the lower edge. These are adapted for;

Splug-in connection to a suitable holder. One of these tet.-igals,

82, is f or connection to groun~d and another, 84, receives a

-28 supply. The remaining twelve terminals are connected

to the twelve busses shown in Fig. I and for convenience, the

terminils iniFig. 1 directly connected to the terminals in Pig. 2

have the same numbers in both figures. It will be noted that on

the circuit board the six terminals toward the left ate for notes

forming the C whole tone scale whereas the six. to the right constitute

the C#l whole tone scale.

Each of the terminals to the left, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68 and

70 Is connected to a common lead 86 by way of individual diodes 88,

92, 94, 96 and 98, respectively. These diodes are pblarized with

their cathodes connected to the terminals. Also, each of the sam

terminals 60, 62, 64, 66, 68 and 70 is connected through individual

diodes 100, 102, 104, 106, 108 and 11.0, respectively, to a common

lead 112. .The diodes in this set are polarized with their anodes con-

nected to the terminals.

The terminals to the right 61, 63, 69 and 71 are

similarly connected through diodes 114, 116, 118, 120, 122 an~d 124, to a common lead 126. These diodes have their cathodes connected to ZU the terminals. Similarly, also, the same terminals are connected, to

a common lead 140 by way of individual diodes 128, 130, 132, 134,

136 and 138, respectively. The diodes in this set have their anodes

conn~ected to the terminals.

Near the center of the figure two transistors are shown at

142 and 144. The emitters are connected together and to 'the -28 v.

terminal 84 by way of a 1K resistor 146 and to ground terminal 8 by

way of a 2.2K resistor 148'. The common lead 86 is connected to the

base of transistor 142 and to ground through a 22K resistor 149.

Similarly, common lead 126 is connected to the base of transistor 144

142 is connected to common lead 140 and the collector of 144

is connected to common lead 112.

The system operates as follows. When no playing key

is held in the low'er manual none of the key contacts 14-22 or

the equivalent for other notes will be closed and the -28 v.

from terminal 10 is not applied to any of the busses 34 or the

equivalent for other notes. Since the -28 v. potential is not

applied to any of the terminals 60-71, the bases of the transistors

141-144 are both near ground at thts point in the description.

Under these conditions, the negative potential from terminal 84 and

the voltage divider, resistors 146 and 148, applied to the emitters

is sufficient to cause both transistors to conduct. The negative

potential is, therefore, applied from the collectors through the

diodes connected to the leads 112 and 140 to all of the terminals

60-71.

Although this negative potential at the terminals 60-71

is applied back to the transii~tor bases by way of the diodes con-

nected to leads 86 and 126, the voltage drop through the two sets

of diodes in series in each connection (about 0.6 v. per diode) is enough so that the bases of the transistors remain sufficiently

positive relative to the emitters to insure that conduction through

the transistors continues. Thus, when no key in the lower manual

is held, al.l of the terminals 60-71 are at a potential which is no~t

sufficiently negative to turnooff the transistors 142-144, but it

is more than enough negative to operate the keyers 52 and 56, and the equivalent, for the other notes, Since the negative potential

on the terminals 60-71 is connected to all of the busses, 34 or the.

equivalent for other notes, allof the keys in the miniature key-

board. are live, and drawing a finger across the miniature keys can sound all of the notes for several octaves of the chromatic scale in succession, depending upon the number of miniature keys stroked.

If on~e key in the lower manual is held (or more than

one if all are within the same whole tone scale), one of the C

keys, for example, the -28 v. potential from terminal 10 is

applied to the C bus 34, or the equivalent bus for other notes.

If it is the C bus., this negative potential is applied to terminal

since it is considerably more negative than the potential already

there by way of conduction through transistor 144, this more negative

potential is applied to the base of transistor 142 by way of conduc-

tion through diode 88, The base of transistor 142, therefore, becomes

more negative than the emitter and the transistor ceases to conduct.

This removes the negative potential from terminals 61, 63, 65, 67,

69 and 71. Since the negative potential is no longer applied to the

busses (equivalent to the bus 34) for the notes D/I, F, G, A and B, the keys in the miiniature keyboard for these aotes go dead, but

th.ose for notes C, D, B, G#l and A#I remain live. If now a finger

is drawn across the miniature keys in succession, only the notes of the C whole tone scale will sound.

If a key for one of the notes in the C# whole tone scale

is held, or more than one if all are within the same whole tone

scale, the same action takes place excepting that it is transistor

144 that is turned off. This renders dead all of the miniature keys

which play notes in the C whole tone scale so that when a finger is

drawn across the miniature keysj only the notes F, G, A and

B play.

If a chord is held In the lower keyboard which has notes notes.receive the -28 v. potential from terminal 10 and this is applied to terminals 60, 64 and 67, or to other terminal combina- tions if other zhords are pl'ayed. This renders, both transistors 142 and 144 nonconductive with the result that none of the busses con- nected to the terminals 60-71 have a negative potential thereon except- ing those supplied directly fronm terminal 10 by way of che closed key contacts in the lower manual. Thus, if the chord CEO is held in the lower manual, only the miniature keys for the notes CEG will be live. Drawing a finger across the miniature keys, therefore, sounds only the notes CEO CEG CE-- in succession.

Although the circuit of Fig. 2 is shown as organized upon a plug-in circuit board, this, of course, if not essential. An

advantage, however, in addition to the usual advantages associated

with circuit board use, which might not be apparent is that if

desired, the organ can be supplied with the circuit of Fig. 1 to

perform the automatic arpeggio functl~ons identical to those of the

Young patent previously mentioned. At a later date or as an alterna-

tive, the system can be converted to perform according to the present

invention simply by plugging in the circuit board of Fl*. This is because all circuits on the board of Fig, 2 are simpl. cotinected as

branches to those circuits existing in Fig. 1. It is tiot necdssary,

therefore,, to~ interrupt or alter any of the circuits of Fig. 1 to

make the change.

Note also, that the circuit of Fig. 2 uses the voltage

divider, resistors 146 and 148, to apply a potential of about -19 v.

to the emitters of transistors 142 and 144 from ;he board terminal

84 at -28 v. This specific arrangement is used simply as a matter

of convenience so that the board can use a -28 v. potential source source at about -19 v, were available in the organ it could, of course, be connected directly to the emitters, and resistors

146 and 148 could beomitted. Whatever the voltages supplied,

the potentials remaining after conduction through the transistors

142 and 144 and diode connections should be sufficient to operate the

keyers, 52 and 56 for instance, and the voltage a. terminal 10 should

be sufficient to turn off the transistors 142 and 144 when applied to

the bases by way of the intervening diodes. If it is desired to have

provision for deactivating the automatic feature, a switch may be

placed in series with the ground connection 82, Pig. 2, removing for-

ward bias from transistors 142 and 144 when the switch is opened.

Claims (1)

1. The claims defining the invention are as follows:

   I.In an electronic organ system in which the act

   of playing keys in one mapiual sounds musical notes appropriate

   to the keys played and supplies a potential to the same note

   keys and those in octave relation thereto in a second manual,

   and the act of playing keys in the second manual sounds notes

   for the second manual keys played which receive a keying potential

   from the first manual, the improvement which comprises a second

   and a third keying potttial supply for said second manual, said

   second supply being connected to-keys in said second manual for

   notes in the C whole tone scale, said third supply being connected

   to keys in said second manual for notes in the C# whole tone

   scale, and means for interrupting the second or third potential supply

   connections when keys in the first said manual are played in the C#

   or C whole tone scales respectively and for interrupting both the

   second and third potential supply connections if keys are played

   simultaneously in the first said manual for nores in both the C# and

   the C whole tone scales.

   2. In an electrical musical instrument, a source of

   several octaves of electrical tone signals for the chromatic musical

   scale, an output system, keyers connected for supplying said tone

   signals individually to said output system in response to the supply

   of a potential of at least a certain value to said keyers individually,

   a manual of playing keys connected for supplying said potential to satd

   keyers individually according to keys played when said potential is

   supplied individually to keys in said manual, a first source for

   supplying said potential, circuit means connecting said first source

   to the key in said manual for notes in the C whole tone scale, a

   second source for supplying said potential, circuit means connecting

   o a.i said second source to the keys in said manual for notes in the whole tone scale, each of the last said circu.it means having means for Interrupting Its connection tq reeponse to the application thereto of a keying potential having a value a predetermined amount in excess of the first said keying potential but not in response to a potential at the level of the first said potential, a third source of keying potential, said third source having said potential value a predetermined amount- in excess of the first said keying potential, a second manual of playing keys, means including keys' in said second manual for connecting said third sou~rce to playing keys in the first said manual. In unison and those in 'octave relation to keys played in said s~cond manual, circuit means connected for supplying substantially the potential supplied by each of tha playing keys of the first said manual in the C whole tone scale to the interrupting means for the connecting means for said second source and for supplying substan- tially the potential supplied by each of the playing keys of the first said manual in the whole tone scale to the Interrupting means for the connecting means for said first source.

   3. In an electronic organ system in which keys in one manual supply keying potentials from a source in response to the keys

   playedt keyers connected to sound notes in response. to said keying

   potentials, twelve terminals, each of said terminals being

   conneqted to a single key and all other keys octavely related

   thereto to receive said potential when one of the keys in its octave

   group is, played in said manualo said terminals representing notes in

   the C whole tone scale and -notes in the C# wh~le tone scale, a-

   second manual, a, normally on source of keying potential for the

   second manual keys for the C whole tone scale, a normally on source

   of keying potential for the second manual keys for the whole tone scale, means for turning off the nomally on source for the second manual keys -in the C whole tone scale responsive to a potential from the first said source at a terminal representative of any note in the C# whole tone scale, means for turning off the normally on source for the second manual keys In the C# whole tone scale responsive o a potential from the first said source at a terminal representative of any note in the C whole tone scale, means connecting said terminals to keys of like name in said second manual, and keyers connected to said second manual and adapted to sound notes in response to keys played in said second manual if the keys played in said second manual have a keying potential applied thereto from either the first -said source or one of said normally on sources.

   4. In an electrical musical instrument as called, for in

   U&aim 2, an additional set of keyers connected for 3upplying tone

   signals individually to the output system in response to a keying

   potential supplied individually to said additional set of keyers,

   and circuit means including said third source of potential and

   said second manual connected for supplying the last said potential individually to said additional set of keyers in fesponse to keys

   played in said second manual.

   An electronic organ system as called, for in claim 1,

   in which the keys in the second manual are arranged side-by-side

   without differentiation as between white and black keys.

   6. An electronic musical instrument as called for in

   claim 2 in which the keys in the f irst said manual are arranged

   stde-by-side without differentiation as between white and black keys.

   Axn electronic musical instrument as called 'for

   in claim, 3 in which the keys ini the second mianual are arranged

   side-by."side without differentiation as between white and black keys.

   8. An electronic organ system as called for in claim 1 in

   which said second and said third keying potential supplies are at a

   less potential than the first said keying- potential, and'in which

   the keying potential from any of the first, second or third potential

   supplies is sufficient to sound notes according to keys played in

   said second, manual.

   DATEDl: 19th December, 1973. PHI~LLhIPS ORMTONDE FITZPATRICK Attorneys for:- HAMTIOND CORPORATION

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