BE1027286A1 - Component of a construction - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an element (1) constituting a construction comprising in particular a rigid outer wall (2) of support made of a material (22) both cast and solidified, and an inner wall (3) made of a thermal insulator, kept spaced from and parallel to the outer wall (2) by junction elements (4), the outer wall (2) being dimensioned so that the element (1) is self-supporting for the construction. The invention also relates to an assembly of such elements (1), a construction comprising such an element (1), more particularly a multi-storey building or a swimming pool, and a method of manufacturing such an element (1).

Description

The present invention relates to a constituent element of a construction, an assembly of such elements, a construction comprising such an element, more particularly a building or a swimming pool, and a method of manufacturing 'such an element.

PRIOR ART In a construction such as, for example, a swimming pool or a house, use is often made of walls exhibiting thermal insulation properties.

This allows, in the case of a swimming pool, to thermally insulate the water from the land or from the air surrounding the swimming pool.

To make such walls, it is known to use two walls made of thermal insulation, kept apart and parallel.

Depending on the type of thermal insulation, however, it can be easy for rodents to damage these walls from the outside.

Besides being potentially fragile, such a structure of two thermal insulation walls is not self-supporting.

It follows that it cannot be used alone, for example, as a base for building walls, without providing for backfilling of earth and / or materials around it, or the addition of other free-standing building elements.

Summary of the Invention It is an object of the present invention to provide a building block which is self-supporting, strong, easy to manufacture and to handle.

To this end, the present invention provides a constituent element of a construction comprising: - a rigid outer support wall made of a cast and solidified material;

-2- - an inner wall, preferably rigid, essentially parallel to the outer wall and made of thermal insulation; - a plurality of junction elements, each junction element comprising: * a rod extending essentially transversely to the outer and inner walls, and between them, - a first support end of the rod embedded in the material; - a second end for supporting the rod inserted in the thermal insulation; the outer wall being dimensioned so that the component is self-supporting for construction.

The constituent element of a construction according to the invention is self-supporting, solid, easy to manufacture and to handle.

Indeed, the invention proposes a replacement of one of the thermal insulating walls of the prior art by a wall of a poured and solidified material, for example and preferably concrete, suitably sized so that [ entire element is self-supporting.

This is made possible by the wide range of high density and high strength materials that are available.

It is thus no longer necessary to provide earth backfilling around the element or to add self-supporting construction parts to use the element according to the invention.

As the outer wall of the construction element is of a cast material, solidified, preferably concrete, the entire element is also more solid.

In addition, the invention can be easily achieved by assembling the inner wall with the junction elements, then embedding the second ends of the junction elements in the freshly cast material, for example, within a support or a mold, and then allowing the material to solidify during a setting time.

The element can be sized as needed by varying a size and / or geometry of the support or mold.

This

- 3 - greatly facilitates its handling and its use both quickly and efficiently for construction.

In the context of this document, the terms “interior wall” and “exterior wall” preferably refer respectively to a wall bordering a space inside the building without bordering a space outside the building and to a wall bordering an exterior space construction without border an interior space construction. However, this preferred definition cannot be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention. In particular, a constituent element of a construction arranged so that the so-called outer wall borders an inner space of the construction without bordering a space outside the construction, and so that the so-called inner wall borders an outer space construction without border an interior space construction remains fully within the scope of the present invention.

Preferably, said outer and inner walls are essentially flat, that is to say they extend in a plane of space. However, this preferred embodiment cannot exclude another optional embodiment according to which the outer wall and / or said inner wall is essentially curved (in particular horizontally and / or vertically), that is to say that it extends along a surface which is not a spatial plane and / or has a curvature component. In the context of this document, the term "parallel walls" preferably corresponds to an arrangement of the walls symmetrically on either side of a surface (flat, angular or curved) with or without contact between the walls. The junction elements and / or the rods of these elements extend essentially transversely to the inner and outer walls, preferably essentially perpendicular to these walls. By "perpendicular to a wall" (the latter can be plane, angular or curved), it is necessary to understand in a manner essentially perpendicular to the wall.

- 4-

tangent plane at the points of the surface (plane, angular or curved) along which the wall extends.

In the context of this document, a "thickness" of a wall and / or of a space between the inner and outer walls preferably corresponds to a measurement of the wall or of the space along a direction perpendicular to the walls. .

In other words and preferably, it is the smallest dimension of three-dimensional extension of the wall and / or space.

Such a thickness of the inner wall, of the outer wall and / or of a space between the inner and outer walls is preferably constant, which corroborates the essential parallelism between the inner and outer walls.

Preferably, in this case, a thickness of the outer wall and / or of the inner wall is at least 5 centimeters.

Optionally, it is between 5 and 15 centimeters, preferably between 6 and 10 centimeters.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a thickness of the outer wall measured perpendicularly thereto is essentially constant and is equal to at least a fifth, more preferably a quarter, even more preferably a third, with a thickness of 1 'component of the construction being measured perpendicular to the outer and inner walls.

A thickness of a space between said inner and outer walls is preferably between 0 and 5 meters, more specifically for embodiments discussed in the detailed embodiments, between 0 and 25 centimeters.

According to preferred embodiments of the invention, a thickness of this space is at least 5 centimeters, more preferably at least 15 centimeters, more preferably still and approximately 20 centimeters.

According to another particular embodiment of the invention, a thickness of this space is essentially zero.

In this case, the outer and inner walls are in contact.

-5- The interior and exterior walls can be sized according to the construction needs. These walls can be extended. In particular, these walls can constitute a wall of the construction, which then greatly facilitates the construction from the moment when the constituent element remains easily transportable. This is the case for small constructions. In the case of a larger construction, the walls of the constituent elements can be joined laterally to form the construction. It is also discussed in this assembly summary of these building elements. In the case of flat interior and exterior walls, each wall preferably extends over a length of between 0.3 and 6 meters, optionally about 4 meters, and over a height of between 0.2 and 3 meters, optionally about 1, 5 meters. It is understood that these length and height data are preferably measured along the flat extension surfaces of the walls, perpendicular to the thickness of these walls.

The outer wall of the invention is made of a cast and solidified material strong enough when solidified that the outer wall is rigid, acts as a support and allows the component to be self-supporting for construction. Any type of material which can be in a cast form so as to immerse and / or flood the first ends and which can solidify in a setting time is suitable for carrying out the invention. The material can include several sub-materials. The material can include polymers, Eternit fiber, cement, more or less lightweight concrete, silica, metal, clay, and / or straw. The material preferably comprises an assembly of materials of a mineral nature. The material more preferably comprises an assembly of particles of inert materials (for example, gravel, sand, etc.) of a mineral nature which are agglomerated by means of a binder (for example, cement, bitumen, clay,…).

Even more preferably, this material is concrete. Concrete

- 6 - has the advantage of being inexpensive and very easy to manufacture and handle. Comprising water, it comes in the form of a paste of variable homogeneity which can be poured into a support or into a mold and which solidifies after a setting time. A concrete comprising, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a mixture of a sand and a cement generally makes it possible to obtain an advantageous rigid exterior wall that is sufficiently thick, of great strength, then allowing support. self-supporting to the building block. This preferred embodiment cannot exclude the use of other types of concrete or material from the scope of the invention.

As the material constituting the outer wall is cast and solidified as discussed, it is possible to embed other elements than the first ends in the material. Thus, for example, and optionally, the constituent construction element comprises a hooking piece which extends transversely, preferably perpendicularly, from one side of the outer wall which is opposite the inner wall, a the foot of this picking piece being embedded in the material. Preferably, such several hooking pieces extend from the outer wall and are advantageously used to hang a wire mesh, a gabion and / or ornamental elements on said face of the outer wall, the latter being in contact with the environment outside the construction, and therefore in a way on sight.

The inner wall is made of thermal insulation. The latter can be composed of a plurality of more or less insulating sub-materials. These optionally include polystyrene and concrete. This inner wall is preferably rigid, and of a rigidity distinct from the rigidity of the outer wall. The inner wall is formed so that it is possible to insert therein, for example, by means of incisions made in the inner wall, the second ends of the connecting elements. There are materials and / or thermal insulators

- 7 - known to a person skilled in the art for making the inner wall. Preferably, the thermal insulation consists at least partially, preferably completely, of expanded polystyrene. This material is preferably in the form of a compact foam so as to obtain a rigid inner wall. According to a preferred and alternative embodiment of the invention, the inner wall and the junction elements form a single piece and preferably consisting of thermal insulation. The second ends are then "inserted into the thermal insulation" in the sense that they continuously extend the inner wall.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a space of non-zero volume separates the outer and inner walls. This volume preferably extends everywhere between these walls, on the extension surfaces of these walls. This space is preferably filled with a construction material preferably comprising an assembly of materials of a mineral nature. More preferably, this construction material consists of a concrete as defined and commented on above. Optionally, the material and the construction material can be the same. A building material comprising, for example, and according to optional embodiments of the invention, clay balls, hay, straw, any moss or any other concrete than that which would constitute the outer wall, if applicable, for example, a concrete with a granulation greater than that constituting the outer wall, would in no way depart from the scope of the invention. In any case, it is advantageous for the construction to fill this space with the building material to solidify andor further stabilize the construction. The building block is no less self-supporting without this addition of building material. Advantageously, the constituent element is preferably designed so as to provide this space between the inner and outer walls to add the building material. Of this

In this way, elements are arranged on a construction site, forming a stable self-supporting structure for the construction which is then solidified and completed by filling the spaces between the walls of these elements with the construction material.

In this context, it is possible to advantageously provide locations for technical rooms or windows within the building element itself. This can be done by providing a formwork, for example of wood, in the space, before inserting the building material. In this way, the building material is distributed everywhere, except in a cavity constituting the interior of the formwork. An opening can then always be made easily and at no cost in any of the interior and / or exterior walls so as to create access to the cavity or to pierce an opening for the window. This opening can be made, for example, by means of a grinder in an outer concrete wall, and by means of a knife, in an inner wall of expanded polystyrene. In summary, in other words, the space preferably surrounds an empty cavity of building material extending between the outer and inner walls, and more preferably, the outer wall and / or the inner wall comprises a opening aligned with the cavity. More generally, it is possible to provide a location for fluidic or electrical technical elements (for example, pipes, cables, various technical elements known to a person skilled in the art, etc.) within the constituent element by inserting these elements in a space or a cavity, and this prior to the pouring of the construction material.

The junction elements according to the present invention preferably consist of spacers known to a person skilled in the art capable of stabilizing the inner and outer walls of a material, for example insulating material, in parallel. In the case of the invention, the use of such spacers is modified because the first ends used to form the wall

- 9 - exterior, which is advantageously different from known uses of the prior art. The junction elements are preferably made of a plastic or metallic material. They are preferably distributed homogeneously and regularly between the inner and outer walls, on the extension surfaces of these walls.

In the context of this document, the term "rod" preferably refers to a straight, thin and elongated part of the connecting elements. This term is in no way limitative of the possible geometric details of the rod, nor of the geometry of the rod cross sections. In particular, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one of the rods, preferably each rod, comprises a notch dimensioned to insert therein a reinforcing bar or a mesh, preferably a metal bar, more preferably a bar. of iron. Such a reinforcing bar is preferably supported in and / or by several notches of several rods. Such a bar makes it possible to stabilize and advantageously reinforce the constituent element. In the event that the inner and outer walls are separated by a space in which concrete is poured, the concrete becomes a more solid and resistant reinforced concrete for construction.

The first and second support ends of the rods are parts of the connecting elements respectively embedded and inserted in the outer and inner walls. These support ends extend each rod. Preferably, at least one of the first and / or second ends, more preferably each of the first and second ends, comprises a bearing surface extending one of the rods and extending substantially perpendicularly thereto. In the preferred case where each rod extends essentially perpendicularly to the inner and outer walls, the bearing surfaces therefore extend along the inner and outer walls, in the material and the thermal insulation which respectively constitute these outer and inner walls, of way to

- 10 - to obtain an advantageous solid and / or effective support of the rods, and therefore of the junction elements, between these walls.

The use, in this document, of the verb "to understand", its variants, as well as its conjugations, can in no way exclude the presence of elements other than those mentioned.

The use, in this document, of the indefinite article "a", "a", or of the definite article "the", "the" or "1", to introduce an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of these elements.

The use, in the present document, of the term “it is possible” or of its derivatives preferentially introduces alternative or optional embodiments of the invention.

The present invention also provides a construction which comprises a constituent element of the construction according to the invention.

All the preferred embodiments and the advantages of the constituent elements of a construction according to the invention are transposed mutatis mutandis to the present construction.

Preferably, the construction consists of a multi-storey building whose floors are stacked in a vertical direction vector, a vertical wall of the building comprising a constituent element of this construction, the outer wall extending along the vector beyond the inner wall. , a building slab extending essentially perpendicular to the vector and resting on the interior wall.

The constituent element of the building according to this embodiment is very advantageous because it facilitates the construction of the building.

Indeed, the outer wall can arrive at the level of the slab, the latter resting on the inner wall and / or a building material filling a space between the inner and outer walls.

As the hourdis is a layer of masonry to allow work in places made difficult to access, the element comprising an outer wall more extended vertically than the inner wall allows easier installation of

- 11 - hoarding and therefore better accessibility to certain locations in the building under construction.

The construction optionally consists of one of: a swimming pool, a hammam, a sauna, a garden shed, a single-storey building, a multi-storey building, or an external annex to a dwelling.

According to a very preferred and abundantly detailed embodiment of the construction, the construction consists of a swimming pool, more preferably of a swimming pool of which at least one side wall and / or a bottom is formed at least partially by at least one constituent element. according to the invention, even more preferably, in a swimming pool of which the side walls and / or a bottom are formed at least partially, preferably totally by an assembly of constituent elements according to the invention.

All of the preferred embodiments and advantages of the constituent elements of a construction according to the invention are transposed mutatis mutandis to the present pool.

In addition to these advantages, the swimming pool whose walls are formed at least partially by an assembly of constituent elements according to the invention has many other advantages. The side walls of the swimming pool are self-supporting thanks to the constituent elements according to the invention.

In particular, they must no longer be buried in the ground and / or stabilized by backfilling of soil laterally around the swimming pool. This is environmentally beneficial to avoid, for example, burying thermal insulation. In addition, the construction of the swimming pool is easier. This advantage is notable in the event that it is desired to place a swimming pool on sloping ground. Indeed, it can then be envisaged to bury part of the walls of the swimming pool in a hole made in a part of the ground in height and to leave the other part of the walls of the swimming pool in sight, without burying them or backfilling them. land around, in a lower part of the land. This situation is illustrated in figure 4 below.

- 12 - after introduced.

Thus, the topography of the land is advantageously taken into account, without the need for major works.

In addition, from a purely aesthetic point of view, the outer faces of the outer walls of the elements, that is to say, the outer faces preferably visible from the walls of the swimming pool, can be covered with ornamental pieces, for example, stones.

This is possible, for example, during the manufacture of the outer wall, by providing for the material to be poured on these ornamental pieces prior to the embedding of the first ends in this material.

This further justifies the absence of the need to backfill around a pool wall.

Not only is the component self-supporting, it also presents a pleasing aesthetic when viewed from an outdoor environment.

Another advantage of the swimming pool according to the invention is that it is made difficult for rodents to damage the outer walls of the constituent elements, and therefore the walls, since these outer supporting walls (for example, made of concrete) are stronger than they would have been if they had been made of thermal insulation (eg, expanded polystyrene). In addition, it is made difficult for ants or other unwanted people to create a nest within the constituent elements and therefore within the side walls of the swimming pool.

Another major advantage of the swimming pool according to the invention is the very short time required for its construction, for various reasons.

Indeed, on the one hand, the side walls of the present swimming pool can be fully or at least partially manufactured in a workshop and then brought to the construction site of the swimming pool, so that they can be assembled quickly and easily. .

This assembly is discussed in the summary of the invention.

On the other hand, during the construction of a swimming pool, it is necessary to cover the edges of the swimming pool basin, in other words the inner faces of the inner walls of the constituent elements of the side walls of the swimming pool, with a "liner", that is to say, a

- 13 - Interior lining membrane for the swimming pool making it possible to increase and / or to guarantee an excellent waterproofing of the interior swimming pool basin.

A liner is generally made of flexible plastic or synthetic which has the advantage of being easy to design and inexpensive. It is manufactured according to very precise measurements of the basin, and therefore of the swimming pool. From then on, in general, the side walls of the swimming pool are built, then the exact measurements of the liner are taken, and finally the liner is ordered, received and installed.

However, this step of controlling the liner is particularly long, which considerably delays the rest of the construction of the swimming pool. Thanks to the present invention, it is possible to order the liner even before constructing the side walls of the swimming pool because it is possible to know exactly in advance the dimensions of the basin and of the swimming pool. Thus, by combining this fact and the fact that the constituent elements and / or the walls of the swimming pool can be directly brought to the construction site of the swimming pool, it follows that the swimming pool can be built completely with a laying of a liner, in just one week! In particular, the swimming pool according to the present invention is particularly simple and quick to construct.

Finally, the swimming pool according to the invention is also advantageous because it is also possible to provide constituent elements, the outer wall and / or the inner wall of which is essentially curved, so as to form rounded edges of the pool or portions of the walls of curved pool as needed. In the event that this type of constituent element is also involved in the formation of the bottom of the swimming pool, it is possible to optionally provide swimming lanes quickly and easily during the construction of the swimming pool.

An assembly of constituent elements of the swimming pool according to the invention is now described and detailed, specifically and as a preferred practical embodiment of a constituent element according to the invention.

It goes without saying that the particular advantages and embodiments of the

The swimming pool according to the invention extends mutatis mutandis to this assembly for the construction of a swimming pool. More precisely and more specifically, the present invention therefore also proposes an assembly of elements constituting a construction according to the invention so as to form side walls of a swimming pool, the outer walls extending laterally around the pool. pool beyond the interior walls, so as to form a continuous interior wall of the pool and a continuous exterior wall of the pool. In this case, the continuous inner wall borders a basin of the swimming pool.

The preferred and particular embodiments, as well as the advantages of the constituent element of a construction according to the invention are also transposed mutatis mutandis to the present assembly.

The introduction of this assembly as part of the invention makes it possible to discuss specifically and advantageously the assembly of the construction elements already mentioned in this summary. In fact, in order to form a geometric shape of a closed double-walled basin, it is legitimate for the outer walls to extend laterally beyond the inner walls, given that they define an outer wall perimeter that is greater than a wall perimeter. interior. This constraint is obviously advantageously taken into account during the manufacture of the constituent elements of the construction, providing an area of the outer wall that is larger than an area of the inner wall. It is also easier to press the walls against each other when assembling the components to form the side walls of the pool. These outer walls (respectively inner), once positioned, for example, by means of a prefabricated base serving as a benchmark on the ground, can be joined in pairs by fixing means, for example sockets and / or bolts.

In the preferred case where a space of strictly positive thickness separates the inner and outer walls of each of the elements

- 15 - constitutive of the construction, it is then preferred to fill this space with a construction material, preferably concrete, so as to join and fix the walls of the swimming pool. This step is preferred for better insulation, but also for the great strength needed for large pools given the pressure that the water will exert on the continuous interior wall of the pool.

In a preferred embodiment of the assembly, the outer walls extend perpendicular to a lateral direction more than the inner walls.

Thus, these outer walls extend along each of their two dimensions more than the associated inner walls.

There are several interests in this preferred embodiment of the assembly. First, in the case where the swimming pool is an infinity pool, it is preferable that the continuous inner wall is lower than the continuous outer wall, to allow an overflow of water from the swimming pool between the inner walls and exterior. This overflow water is preferably collected in a recovery tank provided for this purpose which is inserted into a space between the inner and outer walls. This insertion of a drip tray between the inner and outer walls can be achieved for example by providing a formwork in the space before inserting a construction material. The drip tray is preferably provided in an empty cavity of this building material extending between the outer and inner walls as introduced in this summary according to one embodiment of the building blocks.

Another advantage of this embodiment of the assembly is to obtain outer walls which extend lower than the inner walls, so as to form an edge making it possible to pour a floor of a building material, preferably of concrete, by inserting it into a space between the interior and exterior walls. In this way the

- 16 - construction material cannot spread outside the surface enclosed by the constituent elements of the construction because it is constrained by lower extensions of the outer walls, these preferably being embedded in soil on which is sunk the ground. Thus, this embodiment of the assembly delivers a simple and quick inventive way to constitute the floor of the swimming pool following an installation of its side walls. This constitution of the ground can be facilitated by the installation of marks consisting of hems of which a portion is buried in the ground and another portion is visible, so that an upper face of this other portion is at a height indicating a level for sink the ground. These marks are typically equidistant, separated by a distance between one and three meters, on a perimeter of the swimming pool to be installed and manufactured. These marks allow a worker to pull and / or manipulate the construction material constituting the ground on a pool floor during its pouring as shown.

Optionally and distinctly, it is possible to lay and assemble the constituent elements of the construction on a floor or a slab, for example concrete, previously poured and / or installed to form a floor of the swimming pool.

According to a preferred embodiment of the assembly, in the preferred case where a strictly positive volume space separates the outer and inner walls of the constituent elements of the construction, and is filled with a construction material, the assembly comprises in in addition to a rail for attaching a membrane for the interior of the swimming pool, the rail surmounting and partially surrounding at least one of the interior walls and being partially embedded in the construction material, so as to be secured to one of the constituent elements of construction.

This rail is particularly advantageous for hanging thereon and / or maintaining a liner of the swimming pool, in particular in the case of at least partially buried swimming pools. The liner is then stuck in an orifice

- 17 - between at least one of the interior walls and the rail, so as to be immobilized on its edges and to subsequently allow to cover the continuous interior wall of the swimming pool bordering the basin. The rail according to this embodiment is advantageously easily fixed to a constituent element of the construction since it is partly embedded in the construction material. This is illustrated in Figure 5 introduced below. Preferably, the assembly according to the invention comprises several rails and at least each inner wall of a component part of a side wall of the swimming pool which is buried is surmounted and partially surrounded by such a rail.

According to a preferred embodiment of the assembly, in the preferred case where a strictly positive volume space separates the outer and inner walls of the constituent elements of the construction, and is filled with a construction material, at least one empty cavity with the building material surrounded by the space and extending between the inner and outer walls, the cavity is fluidly connected to the pool and arranged to accommodate a surface skimmer, air cylinder, power cable and / or a pipe. Preferably, each constituent element of the construction comprises such a cavity extending between its inner and outer wall.

The advantages and embodiments relating to such a cavity for a constituent element as described above extend to this cavity. Advantageously, the cavity consists of a shelter separate from the swimming pool and ready for use. Preferably, the cavity accommodates a filtration unit for the swimming pool comprising a filter and / or a pump. Advantageously, it is not necessary to provide a technical room separate from the swimming pool to install the filtration unit there, since it is inserted directly into the side walls of the swimming pool.

According to a preferred embodiment of the assembly, the inner wall of at least one of the elements comprises a first and a second portion, each in a single piece, arranged at distances

- 18 - separate from the outer wall of the element, the latter also being in one piece, so that the space comprises a first part of space extending between the first portion and the outer wall, of a first thickness that is strictly greater than a second thickness of a second part of the space extending between the second portion and the outer wall, the first and second thicknesses being both constant and measured perpendicular to the outer and inner walls.

Advantageously, the assembly according to this embodiment makes it possible to free up a housing space for a shutter of the swimming pool surmounting the first part of space and being adjacent to the second portion of the interior wall, preferably in a direction being perpendicular to the walls. exterior and interior.

This advantageously makes it possible to subsequently place a submerged swimming pool cover which has the advantage of being discreet.

The housing space for the shutter then consists of an alcove provided in one of the constituent elements of a side wall of the swimming pool to place the shutter there.

This situation is illustrated in Figure 6 introduced below.

This embodiment also has advantages of safety, economy and ecology.

Indeed, for safety reasons, it is generally forbidden to bathe under a rolled up and submerged pool cover.

This is the reason why some swimming pools have walls to separate an area in which the rolled shutter is located and the rest of the pool.

In this case, however, this area must be filled with water when filling the pool basin, which is a regular waste of water not used for swimming.

Thanks to the preferred embodiment of the assembly, it is advantageously possible to fill the first and second parts of the space with a building material so that it will not be possible to access these spaces, but also that 'it will not be necessary to fill them with water later, resulting in greater safety, economy and ecology.

- 19 - Optionally, at least one of the constituent elements can comprise several constituent elements making it possible to obtain several housing spaces for one shutter or several shutters of the swimming pool. It is conceivable to have a swimming pool comprising two parallel side walls facing each other, each formed of a constituent element according to the invention which comprises such a housing space for a shutter on the one hand and for an insulating mattress on the other go.

The assembly according to the invention has been described in the very preferred and advantageous case where the outer walls extending laterally around the swimming pool beyond the inner walls, so as to form continuous inner and outer walls of the swimming pool. Optionally and distinctly, it is possible to envisage an inversion of the so-called interior and exterior assembly walls so that the interior walls extend laterally around the swimming pool beyond the exterior walls. In this case, the continuous inner wall of the swimming pool is formed by the so-called outer walls made of the material, preferably concrete, thus advantageously making it possible to manufacture a swimming pool without a liner.

The present invention also provides a swimming pool comprising an assembly according to the invention, the side walls of the swimming pool being formed by the assembly. Such a swimming pool is a preferred embodiment of a swimming pool already introduced previously in this summary and in the context of the invention. In particular, the preferred embodiments, as well as the advantages of the assembly according to the present invention are transposed mutatis mutandis to the present pool.

A swimming pool comprising an assembly according to the invention does not necessarily comprise only side walls formed from constituent elements according to the invention. In particular, it is preferred that the swimming pool comprise, over its entire lateral perimeter, at the level of the ground of the swimming pool, constituent elements similar to those of the invention.

- 20 - but where the inner and outer walls are made of the material, preferably concrete. In this way, a first row of constituent elements at ground level are entirely made of concrete, and rows surmounting this first row, on a lateral perimeter of the swimming pool, are then constituent elements according to the invention. This type of construction offers better strength.

Optionally, the swimming pool further comprises at least one base comprising two support and / or reference locations for inserting therein a lower end of an interior wall of an element of the assembly and a lower end of an exterior wall of element. Such a base is illustrated and commented on with regard to FIG. 7 introduced below.

Another object of the invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a constituent element of an easy-to-use construction and providing a constituent element of the construction which is at the same time self-supporting, solid and easy to handle.

To this end, the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a component of a construction comprising the following steps: () providing: - an inner wall, preferably rigid, consisting of thermal insulation; - a plurality of junction elements, each junction element comprising: * a rod extending transversely to the inner wall, - a first and a second support end of the rod, the second end being inserted into the insulation thermal; (ii) pouring in a support a material capable of solidifying after a setting time;

- 21 - (ii) bring the whole of the inner wall and the joining elements into a position in which the first ends are embedded in the material; (iv) keep the assembly in position during the setting time.

This method was discussed earlier in the summary. For all the reasons explained previously in this summary, the method is easy to implement and delivers a constituent element of the construction which is at the same time self-supporting, solid and easy to handle.

More generally, all the embodiments and all the advantages of the constituent element of a construction according to the invention are transposed mutatis mutandis to the present method. In particular, with regard to the present document, the present method can easily be extended to a method of manufacturing a swimming pool according to the invention.

Brief description of the figures Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become apparent on reading the detailed description which follows, for the understanding of which reference is made to the appended figures among which: FIG. 1A illustrates a schematic view of a wall interior and a plurality of connecting elements of a constituent element of a construction according to one embodiment of the invention; - Figure 1B illustrates a schematic view of an inner wall and a plurality of connecting elements of a component of a construction according to another embodiment of the invention; - Figure 2 shows a step of a method of manufacturing a component of a construction according to one embodiment of the invention; - Figure 3 illustrates a schematic view of several constituent elements of a construction according to one embodiment of the invention;

- 292 - - Figure 4 illustrates a schematic view of a swimming pool according to one embodiment of the invention; - Figure 5 illustrates a schematic view of a section of a swimming pool according to one embodiment of the invention;

- Figure 6 illustrates a schematic view of a partial section of a swimming pool comprising a housing space for a shutter according to one embodiment of the invention;

- Figure 7 shows a schematic view of a partial section of a prefabricated base serving as a reference on the ground for the installation of a constituent element of a construction according to one embodiment of the invention; - Figure 8 illustrates a partial schematic view of a section of a multi-storey building according to one embodiment of the invention.

The drawings of the figures are not to scale.

Generally, like elements are denoted by like references in the figures.

In the context of this document, identical or similar elements may bear the same references.

Furthermore, the presence of reference numbers or letters in the drawings cannot be considered as limiting, including when these numbers or letters are indicated in the claims.

Detailed Description of Particular Embodiments of the Invention This part presents a detailed description of preferred embodiments of the present invention.

The latter is described with particular embodiments and references to figures but the invention is not limited by them.

In particular, the drawings or figures described below are only diagrammatic and are not limiting.

The references 2E, 3E, 5E, 2H, 3H, 2L, GL, L, H, 5BE, SAE, v shown in some of these figures correspond to references

Substantially abstract geometric shapes which are used to quantify and / or visualize properties of embodiments of the invention. In the context of this document, reference is made to the term “lateral” and its derivatives in relation to a swimming pool. These terms refer to a contour of the swimming pool as illustrated by the reference L in FIG. 4. The reference H in this figure corresponds to a vertical direction or in height perpendicular to a lateral direction. Taking into account the direction of the vector H shown, it goes from the bottom to the top. In this document, an element below another element along this vector is preferably said to be "surmounted" by this other element.

For the purposes of this document, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are, in turn, used exclusively to differentiate different elements, without implying order between these elements.

Figure 1A illustrates an inner wall 3 and connecting elements 4 of a component part of a construction according to one embodiment of the invention. The inner wall 3 is rigid, essentially flat and made of a thermal insulation consisting of expanded polystyrene. Each junction element 4 comprises: * a rod 41 extending perpendicularly to the inner wall 3; - A first end 42 for supporting the free rod 41; - a second end 43 for supporting the rod 41 inserted in incisions 31 previously made in the inner wall 3.

These incisions 31 can be made without difficulty by means of a cutting tool, given the constitution of the inner wall 3. Each rod includes notches 44 sized to support and / or insert one or more typically metallic reinforcing bars. Such a bar is then supported by several notches 44 and extends in a direction perpendicular to the rods 41. It allows the production of reinforced concrete when concrete is poured between the first ends

- 24 - 42 and the second ends 43. These ends 42, 43 comprise surfaces extending the rods 41 in a plane perpendicular to the rods, so as to guarantee good stability of the second ends 43 in the inner wall 3 (and of the first ends in the outer wall 2 hereinafter introduced), since these surfaces extend into the inner wall 3, essentially along the same plane. These surfaces are provided with reliefs 45 allowing better grip and stabilization of the ends 42 and 43 in the inner wall 3 (and the outer wall 2 hereinafter introduced). The connecting elements 4 are arranged in groups of three by means of bars 46 transverse to the rods 41 stabilizing the rods 41 of the group and, therefore, further stabilizing the assembly of the inner wall 3 with the connecting elements 4. According to a An alternative embodiment of this assembly, the inner wall 3 and the junction elements 4 may form an integral part of a single piece, preferably made of expanded polystyrene. This situation is shown in Figure 1B. The rods 41 are then of a section of a larger diameter than for rods 41 of separate junction elements 4, so that the part is particularly strong and resistant. In particular, it is flexible enough to be able to bend without breaking when concrete is poured over the rods 41. As in FIG. 1A, the first ends 42 are free. The second ends 43 are no longer inserted into the inner wall 3 but continuously extends the inner wall 3 by being made of the same expanded polystyrene. It is also easier to handle and transport such a part in one piece. In addition, this part is less expensive to produce than the assembly described with regard to Figure 1 A.

According to a preferred embodiment of the method of manufacturing an element 1 constituting a construction according to the invention, after having designed this assembly according to Figure 1A (respectively,

- 95 - this integral part according to Figure 1B), it (respectively, it) is brought into a position in which the first ends 42 are embedded in a concrete 22 previously cast in a support 21 of a form of box, and is maintained in this position for a time of setting of the concrete. This situation is shown in FIG. 2. There is thus obtained in a simple, rapid and inexpensive manner an element 1 constituting a construction according to the invention, the outer wall 2 of which is obtained after setting the concrete 22 and removing the support 21. Optionally, it is possible to provide that ornamental pieces, for example, beautiful stones, is encrusted on an external face 23 of the external wall 2. To obtain this result, it suffices to place these pieces at the bottom of the support 21. and pour concrete 22 on these parts. An advantageous aesthetic effect of the external face 23 can thus be obtained. This element 1 is both self-supporting, solid and easy to handle. All the advantages and alternative and / or preferred embodiments of the method and of element 1 are described in the summary of the invention. The outer wall 2 is 2E thick between 0 and 25 centimeters and extends over a length 2L between 30 centimeters and 12 meters and a height 2H between 30 centimeters and 3 meters. The inner wall 3 is 3E thick between 0 and 25 centimeters and extends over a length 3L between 30 centimeters and 12 meters and over a height 3H between 1 and 2 meters. Typically, the length 2L and / or the height 2H are sometimes greater than the length 3L and / or the height 3H, and this so as to facilitate the assembly of several similar elements 1 and / or so as to facilitate construction.

The inner 3 and outer 2 walls are arranged in parallel, defining a space 5 in the form of a parallelepiped with a strictly positive volume between these inner 3 and outer walls 2. This

- 26 - space 5 is of a thickness 5E of between 5 and 30 centimeters, measured perpendicularly to these interior walls 3 and exterior 2. FIG. 3 illustrates the constituent elements of a construction partially assembled according to an embodiment of the invention.

The references previously introduced apply similarly to this figure.

The constituent elements are assembled side by side in rows, the rows overlapping in the vertical direction defining the height H.

An upper face along a height H of each of the inner 3 and outer 2 walls of a first row of constituent elements comprises interlocking studs 39, 29 to engage in interlocking holes of inner 3 and outer walls. 2 of a second row of constituent elements 1 surmounting the first row.

In this way, the assembly of the constituent elements is made particularly easy.

The connecting elements 4 are assembled in groups by means of bars 46 transverse to the rods 41 and which, in this case, each extend either from the first 42 and either from the second 43 ends.

In particular, such a bar 46 is either inserted into the thermal insulation or embedded in the material.

As shown, a bar 46 includes openings through which the interlocking studs pass.

The connecting elements 4 are assembled in groups by means of other vertical reinforcement bars 47 orthogonal to the rods 41 and to the bars 46. According to a very preferred embodiment of the invention, an element 1 according to the invention is configured to be brought to a construction site of a swimming pool 7 so as to form a side wall or at least a portion of a side wall, and / or a bottom of the swimming pool 7. FIG. 4 illustrates such a swimming pool 7, each of the walls of which side is formed by at least one element 1 as described.

For the readability of the figure, only a few connecting elements 4 have been shown in a view through a side wall.

The

- 27 -

references commented on previously in this description have the same meaning.

Once the elements 1 have been placed, for example, on a floor 71 comprising a previously poured concrete slab or a stonework, the spaces 5 between the internal 3 and external 2 walls of the elements are filled, for example by another poured concrete, with so as to join together and solidify all of the side walls of the swimming pool 7. Advantageously, thanks to the use of the elements 1, it is not necessary to backfill earth everywhere around the walls of the swimming pool 7 to support the elements 1 since these are self-supporting.

This is advantageous in the situation which is shown in FIG. 4 where the land on which the swimming pool 7 is to be built has a difference in level.

It is possible to dig a hole in the high part 7OA of the ground covered with lawn, so that two of the side walls will not have an outer face 23 visible, and then simply lay the other side walls, with outer faces 23 visible. , at the lower part of the land.

A wall 70B of earth content can then extend the side walls of the swimming pool 7. FIG. 5 illustrates a first section of the swimming pool 7 illustrated in FIG. 4. Two side walls formed by two elements 1 are cut and laterally enclose a basin of the pool 7 bordered inferiorly along the vector H by a floor 71. The outer walls 2 extend inferiorly along the vector H beyond the inner walls 3, so that the outer walls 2 each comprise a lower flap 25 arranged to land on a 70C ground (or stonework) on which the swimming pool 7 is to be built.

The interior walls 2 optionally extend below to a point substantially above the terrain 70C, so that there is a vertical gap 32 between the interior walls 3 and the terrain 70C.

There is also one or more barbed wire or wire mesh 73 extending essentially between and / or parallel to the outer 2 and inner 3 walls of the

- 28 - elements 1. In this way, the floor 71 can be made by pouring concrete as a building material between the inner 3 and outer 2 walls, above the elements 1, in the spaces 5. Thanks to the wires or trellis 73, this concrete will descend more easily to a surface of the ground 70C and then flow towards the interior of the swimming pool 7, so as to pass into the interstice 32, under the interior walls 3, and to spread to form the ground 71. Of course, the concrete must then be smoothed out afterwards before setting time. Advantageously, the existence of the lower flap 25 prevents this concrete from flowing outside the future basin of the swimming pool 7, and then forces it into a surface delimited by the outer walls 2. In addition, this advantageous embodiment allows the times to fill the spaces 5 with a building material, concrete in this case, so as to secure the side walls of the swimming pool 7, but in addition and simultaneously, to build the floor 71 at once.

As shown in FIG. 5, a rail 72 for attaching a waterproof membrane for the interior lining of the pool basin 7, for example a liner, surmounts and partially surrounds at least one of the interior walls 3. The rail 72 is essentially placed on top of the interior wall 3, and makes it possible to wedge and / or fix the end edges of the membrane on the lateral periphery of the swimming pool 7, more precisely between the rail 72 and the interior wall 3. In Furthermore, when the concrete described above is poured into a space 5 so as to design the floor 71, the portion of the rail 72 within the space 5 is embedded in the concrete, which then makes it possible to secure the rail 72 to one of the elements 1. The swimming pool comprises several such rails 72, for example, one per side wall of the swimming pool 7, each rail 72 being secured in the manner described to one of the elements 1.

Figure 6 illustrates a portion of a second section, in a direction perpendicular to the first section, of the pool 7 illustrated in Figure 4. This section represents a component 1 of the pool

- 29 -

7, more specifically of a side wall of the swimming pool 7, the inner wall 3 of which comprises a first 3A and a second 3B portions, each in one piece, which are arranged at distinct distances from the outer wall 2 of the element 1, the latter also being in one piece.

In this way, the space 5 comprises a first part 5A which extends between the first portion 3A and the outer wall 2, and this perpendicularly thereto, and a second part 5B which extends between the second portion 3B and the outer wall 2, perpendicularly thereto.

The first 5A and second 5B parts of the space 5 are respectively of a first 5AE and second 5BE thicknesses which are both constant and measured perpendicular to the outer 2 and inner walls 3. The first thickness 5AE is strictly greater than the second thickness 5BE and optionally between 0.5 and 1.5 meters, while the second thickness 5BE is substantially equivalent to the thickness 5E between the outer 2 and inner 3 walls of the other elements 1 forming other side walls of the swimming pool 7 than that shown in section in Figure 6. Hence, the second thickness 5BE is typically between 10 and 30 centimeters.

This particular configuration of the element 1 shown in FIG. 6 makes it possible to create a housing space 5C for a shutter 8 of the swimming pool 7. This space 5C surmounts the first part 5A of the space 5 and is adjacent to the second part 5B , and at the same height according to the vector H as this part.

It goes without saying that the housing space 5C is arranged to house therein the shutter 8 winding around a rotary axis 82, symmetrically around this rotary axis 82. In this way, the element 1 allows the advantageous creation, in the side wall formed, of an alcove intended to discreetly accommodate the shutter 8. When the space 5 is filled with a building material, it is also avoided to have to fill it with water each time the water in the swimming pool 7 is renewed, resulting in water savings.

For more aesthetics, a beautiful stone can be provided

- 30 - 74 of the edge of the swimming pool 7 surmounting all of the spaces 5 and 5C, as well as the outer 2 and inner walls 3. The view of the shutter 8 is thus made very difficult for an observer outside the swimming pool 7. Alternatively to FIG. 6, the second portion 3B can be extended below along the height H to the ground 71, so as to divide the first part 5A of the space 5 into two parts. The junction elements 4 are then doubled so that the rods 41 extend on the one hand between the first 3A and second 3B portions, and on the other hand between the second portion 3B and the outer wall 2.

FIG. 7 illustrates an interlocking of a constituent element of a construction 1 on a prefabricated base 75. The latter is configured to be at least partially buried in a ground so as to serve as a reference point for the installation of element 1 constituting the construction, and more generally of reference for the whole of a base of said construction. The base is preferably made of concrete or of a poured and solidified material. It comprises a location 75A (or a first recess) and a second recess 75B to accommodate and / or stabilize the ends of the inner 3 and outer 2 walls of the element 1. The base 75 also includes a protuberance 75C to sink into. a space 5 between the inner 3 and outer 2 walls.

Figure 8 illustrates a schematic section of a construction comprising an element 1 constituting the construction of another preferred embodiment of the invention. The construction this time consists of a 6-storey building, the building's floors of which are stacked in a vertical direction vector v. The constituent element 1 of the construction is included in a vertical wall 62 of the building 6. The outer wall 2 of the element 1 comprises an inner face 24 facing the inner wall 3, and an outer face 23 preferably decorated, opposite to the inner wall 3 and therefore to the inner face 23. The outer wall 2 extends along the vector v beyond the inner wall 3. In other words

- 31 - terms, the outer wall 2 is substantially higher than the inner wall 3. In addition, a slab 61 extends essentially perpendicular to the vector v and rests both on the inner wall 3 and against the face. 24 of the outer wall 2, so that an upper face of the frame is at the same level according to the vector v as an upper face of the outer wall 2, the term "upper" being to be interpreted according to the vector v. The hoop is thus advantageously placed and stabilized on the inner wall 3 and on a building material filling the space 5 between the walls 2, 3. In addition, another inner wall 3 'of another building component can to be put on the heavy.

In summary, the invention relates to an element 1 constituting a construction comprising in particular a rigid outer wall 2 of support made of a material 22 both cast and solidified, and an inner wall 3 made of a thermal insulator, maintained spaced from and parallel to the outer wall 2 by junction elements 4, the outer wall 2 being dimensioned so that the element 1 is self-supporting for the construction. The present invention also relates to an assembly of such elements 1, a construction comprising such an element 1, more particularly a multi-storey building or a swimming pool, and a method of manufacturing such an element 1.

The present invention has been described in relation to specific embodiments, which have a purely illustrative value and should not be considered as limiting. In general, it will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the examples illustrated and / or described above.

Claims (30)

- 32 - Claims i. Component (1) constituting a construction comprising: - a rigid outer wall (2) of support made of a material (22) cast and solidified; - an inner wall (3) essentially parallel to said outer wall (2) and consisting of a thermal insulator; - a plurality of junction elements (4), each junction element (4) comprising: - a rod (41) extending essentially transversely to said outer (2) and inner (3) walls, and between them, * a first end (42) for supporting said rod (41) embedded in said material (22); - a second end (43) for supporting said rod (41) inserted in said thermal insulator; said outer wall (2) being dimensioned so that the constituent element (1) is self-supporting for said construction. 2. Element (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that a space (5) of non-zero volume separates said outer (2) and inner (3) walls. 3. Element (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said space (5) is filled with a building material. 4. Element (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said construction material comprises an assembly of materials of mineral nature. - 33 - 5. Element (1) according to any one of claims 3 to 4, characterized in that said space (5) surrounds an empty cavity of said building material extending between said outer (2) and inner (3) walls. 6. Element (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said outer wall (2) and / or said inner wall (3) comprises an opening aligned with said cavity. 7. Element (1) according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that: - a thickness (2E, 3E) of said outer wall (2) and / or of said inner wall (3) measured perpendicular to this is constant and at least five centimeters, and / or - a thickness (5E) of said space measured perpendicular to said outer (2) and inner (3) walls is constant and at least five centimeters. 8. Element (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said outer (2) and inner (3) walls are in contact. 9. Element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a thickness (2E) of said outer wall (2) measured perpendicular thereto is constant and is at least one fifth of a thickness. of said element (1) measured perpendicular to said outer (2) and inner (3) walls. 10. Element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said material (22) comprises an assembly - 34 - particles of inert materials of inorganic nature agglomerated by means of a binder. 11. Element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said thermal insulator consists at least partially of expanded polystyrene. 12. Element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the rods (41) comprises a notch (44) sized to insert a reinforcing bar therein. 13. Element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the first (42) and / or second (43) ends comprises a bearing surface extending one of the rods (41) and extending essentially perpendicular to it. 14. Element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said outer (2) and inner (3) walls are essentially flat. 15. Element (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that said outer wall (2) and / or said inner wall (3) is substantially curved. 16. Element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said outer wall (2) extends more in at least one direction than said inner wall (3). - 35 - 17. Element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises a picking piece extending transversely from a face (23) of said outer wall (2) opposite said. inner wall, a foot of said pick piece being embedded in said material (22). 18. Element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said inner wall (3) and said junction elements (4) form a single piece. 19. Element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one interlocking stud (29, 39) configured to engage in an interlocking hole of another element. constitutive of the construction. 20. Construction comprising an element (1) constituting the construction according to any one of the preceding claims. 21. Construction according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it consists of a building (6) with floors whose floors are stacked in a vector (v) of vertical direction, a wall (62) vertical of said building (6) comprising said element (1) constituting the construction, said outer wall (2) extending along said vector (v) beyond said inner wall (3), a slab (61) of said building (6) extending essentially perpendicular to said vector (v) and resting on said inner wall (3). 22. Assembly of elements (1) constituting a construction according to any one of claims 1 to 19 so as to form the side walls of a swimming pool (7), the outer walls (2) extending - 36 - laterally around said swimming pool (7) beyond the inner walls (3), so as to form a continuous inner wall of said swimming pool (7) and a continuous outer wall of said swimming pool (7). 23. Assembly according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the outer walls (2) extend perpendicularly to a lateral direction (L) more than said inner walls (3). 24. Assembly according to any one of claims 22 to 23, characterized in that said elements (1) are according to any one of claims 3 to 6. 25. Assembly according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it further comprises a rail (72) for attaching an interior lining membrane of said swimming pool (7), said rail (72) surmounting and partially surrounding at least one of the interior walls (3) and being partially embedded in said construction material, so as to be secured to one of the elements (1). 26. Assembly according to any one of claims 24 to 25, characterized in that said elements (1) are according to any one of claims 5 to 6, said cavity being fluidly connected to said swimming pool (7) and arranged to accommodate a filtration unit of said swimming pool (7). 27. Assembly according to any one of claims 22 to 26, characterized in that the inner wall (3) of at least one of the elements (1) comprises a first (3A) and a second (3B) portions, each in one piece, arranged at distances - 37 - separate from the outer wall (2) of the element (1), the latter also being in one piece, so that said space (5) comprises a first part (5A) of space (5) extending between said first portion (3A) and said outer wall (2), of a first thickness (BAE) strictly greater than a second thickness (5BE) of a second part (5B) of space (5) ) extending between said second portion (3B) and said outer wall (2), said first (SAE) and second (5BE) thicknesses being both constant and measured perpendicular to said outer (2) and inner (3) walls. 28. Swimming pool (7) comprising an assembly according to any one of claims 22 to 27, the side walls of the swimming pool (7) being formed by said assembly. 29. Swimming pool (7) according to the preceding claim further comprising at least one base (75) comprising two locations (75A, 75B) for support and / or reference for inserting therein a lower end of an inner wall (3) d 'an element (1) of said assembly and a lower end of an outer wall (2) of said element (1). 30. Method of manufacturing an element (1) constituting a construction comprising the following steps: (i) providing: - an inner wall (3) consisting of thermal insulation; - a plurality of junction elements (4), each junction element (4) comprising: ° a rod (41) extending transversely to said inner wall (3), - 38 - ° a first (42) and a second (43) support end of said rod (41), said second end (43) being inserted into said thermal insulator; (ii) pouring into a support (21) a material (22) capable of solidifying after a setting time; (li) bringing all of said inner wall (3) and joining elements (4) into a position in which the first ends (42) are embedded in said material (22); (iv) maintaining said assembly (3, 4) in said position during said setting time.