BE365533A - - Google Patents

Description

       

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  "PERFBCTI # NmmTS AUX Pilez
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 The present.te1mfenUonÜ "Ü! 1ué: r: ue d /; j Á" e: r:! Ec. '&. Ion- ments to the pestles and its aim is, in general, the achievement of a pestle of rigid construction operating with very high precision of easy and pre-
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 cise, and making it practically impossible any false maneuver that could injure the operator
Drumsticks are widely used for the production of die-forged parts which require that the driving of the drumstick be carried out in such a way as to strike a suitable and precise blow, to prevent the hammer from wobbling and striking.
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 a second blow afterwards will rebound, which would deteriorate the impressions of the matrix.

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   The pestles of the type to which the invention relates comprise a base or chabotte, vertical columns mounted on this soole, a cylinder-carrying crosspiece arranged on the upper end of these columns, a cylinder mounted on this crosspiece and provided with a piston and a piston rod passing through bearings formed in the cross member, and connected to the hammer, the vertical movement of which is guided by bearings in engagement with the vertical columns ,, To allow the introduction of the pressurized fluid, preferably compressed air, in the cylinder below the piston,

   means have been provided with a distribution mechanism comprising an intake slide and a hand-operated slide that can be operated to penetrate the pressurized fluid into the cylinder in order to lift the hammer, or else to release this fluid in order to drop that hammer.



   One of the objects of the invention is the realization of a drive mechanism actuated by pressurized fluid, preferably subjected to the pressure of the fluid in the cylinder when the hammer9 intended for is raised. maneuvering the drawer, hand-actuated means controlling the drive mechanism Another object of the invention is the production of means allowing the fluid to be admitted to the drive mechanism only when the hammer is lifted to a determined height above the chabotte.



   The object of the invention is also the production of means for controlling the drive mechanism that can be actuated at will by a pedal or by means requiring the use of both hands of the operator to cause the hammer to fall,
Another object of the invention is to produce means intended to prevent a false operation of the mechanism actuating the slide which would cause the repetition of the blow,

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 Another important object of the invention is the realization
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 lisation of a drawer comroandant the arrival of the pressurized fluid in the cylinder, drawer provided with anti-friction pads preventing seizure of this drawer which is subjected to high pressure;

   another goal is the realization of means to move to these pads and to the drawer itself,
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 a lubricant intended to ensure the freedom of their operation and to form means of sealing the oil for this drawer
The invention further aims at. realization of means making it possible to regulate with precision the height of fall of the hammer in order to strike uniform blows, as well as of means making it possible to regulate with precision the force of the blow struck by the hammer.
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 i'invention furthermore aims at the rea.lis8.ti on of a new fluid retaining mechanism :, disposed between the inlet of the pressurized fluid at the distribution spool;

   this mechanism is intended to prevent the accidental fall of the
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 hammer as a result of stoppage in the pressurized fluid ten inlet or too strong reduction of this inlet.



   Another object of the invention is. realization of a check valve mechanism regulating the volume of the fluid supplied to the cylinder, in order to prevent the excessive rise of the hammer and damage to the cross member supporting the cylinder,
The invention is also aimed at. realization of a
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 pestle constructed in such a way that it is provided with means to guide the hammer with precision and prevent it from swaying under the effect of impact.



     The invention is still aimed at. creation of new means of fixing the piston rod to the hammer, avoiding
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 a metal-to-metal contact between this hammer and cetjbigj ## and in fact realizing a universal joint prevents the transmission of forces causing jamming. at the landings. mistletoe-

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 with the hammer on the columns.



   The object of the invention is also the production of new means, easy to remove, for fixing the hammer to the piston rod,
The invention also provides for the production of an improved rigid device for fixing the cylinder to its cross member, eliminating the chances of breaking or splitting this cylinder! as well as those of pressurized fluid leaks occurring on the cylinder.



   The invention further provides for the production of a new piston head provided with means making it possible to fix it to the piston head more firmly than has hitherto been done.



   The invention further provides for the realization of a new cylinder cap established so as to prevent oil from being expelled from the cylinder while allowing air to be discharged from the upper end of the cylinder during. the upward stroke of the piston; this cap also prevents the piston from projecting outside the cylinder in the event that this piston comes to come loose from its rod, this rod to break, or else the hammer to separate from it.



   Another object of the invention is. realization of new means to support the hammer at a certain height above the chabotte in order to allow the assembly or the replacement of the matrices. another very important object of the invention is the production of safety devices intended to effectively prevent false maneuvers and to protect the operator against accidents.



   Other advantages and features of the invention will emerge from the description which will be given with reference to the appended drawing showing schematically and by way of example one embodiment of the invention.

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   On this drawing :-
Figure 1 is a side elevational view of a power hammer according to the invention
Figure 3 is a detail view on a larger scale partially in section :) showing the mounting of the hammer on the columns, the preferred means of fixing the hammer on the. piston rod ,, and the means for retaining the suspended hammer, and also representing the mechanism operated by the hammer to actuate one of the air intake control sliders in the cylinder capacity
FIG. 3 is a detail view, in horizontal section, showing the lifting mechanism of the hammer suspended above the chabotte and, in dotted lines, this lifting device in the resting position.



   Fig. 4 is a detail view, partially in section, showing the manner that can be used to connect the. hammer head to hammer and to separate it.



   FIG. 5 is a view in vertical section, on a larger scale), showing the cylinder and its support cross-member, as well as the mode of mounting and rigid fixing of this cylinder on these support means and in addition showing in section a new piston head and the means used as a piston seal. In this drawing, the broken parts indicate that the cylinder is much longer than it can be shown on the board.



     Figure 6 is a horizontal section through a portion of the cylinder carrier cross member and the block. drawer and drawers, showing the way in which the injection of the pressurized fluid into the cylinder takes place, the intake and distribution slides being shown in the position of admission of the fluid into the cylinder when the hammer rests on the chabotte and during its movement as-

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 ash.



   Figure 7 is a detail view in horizontal section through the drawer unit, similar to that of Figure 6 and showing the inlet and distribution sliders in the position they have when the hammer is lifted ready to fall.



   Figure 8 is a horizontal sectional view of the drawer unit showing the position of the drawers at the time. the distributor spool is moved to allow the hammer to descend.



   Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the drawer unit and the drawers showing the latter in the. position they occupy during the fall of the hammer and before the distribution spool is turned in the position of figure 6 to admit the pressurized fluid into the cylinder when the hammer strikes a blow, and thereby to continue to lift it as it bounces off the chabotte.



   FIG. 10 is a detail view on a larger scale mainly in vertical section, showing the intake and distribution drawers provided with anti-friation pads with means for lubricating these pads and drawers; it also represents the new form of check valve mounted on the inlet of the pressurized fluid in the pipe formed in the block of drawers.



   FIG. 11 is a partial view, on a larger scale and in cross section * of the distribution spool showing the enlarged port formed in this spool and communicating with the exhaust ,,
Figure 1a is a detail view. partially in vertical section, showing the ball valve regulating the speed of the exhaust and hence the power of the blow.

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   Fig. 13 is a view, mainly in plan and, partially in vertical section, showing the mechanism.
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 hammer drive mechanism actuated pressurized fluid bar, and its control means
Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view
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 of the intake slide of the drive mechanism, following line 14-14 of figure 13.



   Fig. 15 is a detailed view on a larger scale, mainly in vertical section, of a variant of the check valve for the intake line, made especially for heavy duty rams,
Figure 16 is a perspective view of the pestle
Figure 17 is a detail view on a larger scale, mainly in plan, showing a device
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 safety device preventing false maneuvers of the mast, device mounted on the guide support of the spool rod,
Figure 18 is a detail view, on a larger scale
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 scale and elevation 1 + tér @ lep of this device.



  The pestle shown in the drawing, and which constitutes
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 a preferred embodiment of the invention. is specially established for the purpose of obtaining, by means of dies, precision work such as stamping and die-forging of pieces of gold and other metal articles on which delicate designs are produced ,
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 This pestle has a soo-the massive, or c.botte 1 provided with a matrix holder a maxtequ a in which is pria.- tiqué a cavity 4 suitable for reoeevoir the. upper matrix (see figure 2), and provided with lower bearings and Supéxieuria to and 1 protruding 1 & térslenen%, very close to each other and mounted by:

  Eagon to be able to slide on cylindrical steel columns 1 machined with-. l1r.âci.- sion and the lower extremities of which are firmly fixed

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 in the chabotte while their upper ends are interconnected by a sturdy metal cross member supporting the cylinder. Props ±, the upper ends of which are connected to this cross member and the lower ends of which are firmly fixed to the sculpin, serve to ensure the stability of the assembly and to prevent lateral vibrations during operation of the pestle.



   , The cylinder, mounted on its. support cross member 8, is able of a piston with rod connected to the hammer, and means allowing the admission of pressurized fluid into the cylinder in order to make the hammer rise, and the escape of this fluid so that the hammer can fall back, from the. usual way in single-acting pestles, but the Tentiez makes special devices to ensure the precision of the movements of the hammer as well as.

   to allow these movements to be easily and precisely controlled, as will be explained later below. Important objects of the invention are to provide means for accurately guiding the vertical movements of the machine. hammer and to avoid the sloshing of the latter under the effect of the shock, According to the invention, this goal is achieved by means of the elements .µ. and 1 mounted on either side on precision machined columns 2. and provided with special bearings established to maintain a perfect fit allowing the bearings to slide on the columns.

   This is achieved by reaming each of the elements 5 and 6 from their upper ends and going down almost to their lower ends, and by lining this bore with a metal sleeve 10, preferably made of a bronze alloy for high speeds, the lower end of this sleeve pressing on the shoulder 11 of the annular flange provided at the bottom of the element.



  This flange prevents displacement of the sleeve under the effect

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 vibrations, hammer and more as a result of the
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 Repeated brations compress the metal of the sleeve to maintain a snug fit allowing the elements to slide on the columns.



   In order to further ensure the. precision of the movements of the hammer as well as preventing the possibility of jamming of the bearings, a flexible connection is placed between the hammer and the piston rod, avoiding metal contact. ** 'on-metal between these components and in fact constituting a joint universal allowing the hammer to move freely on
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 the columns without any eoingage occurring as a result of the piston being offset from the vertical movements of the hammer. sides the preferred embodiment (see fig 2), the hammer is provided, in its middle between the columns,
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 from a vertical cavity descending deeply from the upper face of the hammer into the body of this mantle.



  It is desirable to fit a cylindrical sleeve 13 into this cavity. The lower end of the piston rod 14
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 forms a flange li with a diameter less than that of the sleeve II * It is interposed between the flat lower face of the flanged end of the piston and the bottom of the
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 so that it is axially in contact with this end of the piston, a mass of flexible substance 16 such as rubber. preferably in the form of a sphere and without it laterally filling the cavity,> a series of washers 1 '?. made of a fibrous substance, is interposed between the upper face of the flanged end 15 of the piston rod and a retaining block 18.

   and forms a united joint
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 support versel between the rod and its piston, ae which avoids a metal-on-metal contact between the piston rod and the hammer, This connection is arranged to absorb the shocks resulting from the fall and the rise of the maximum in a way
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 to reduce the possibilities of rorouiss8tge of the piston rod,

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A new device makes it possible to removably fix the retaining bloo 18 to the hammer. In the preferred embodiment shown, the wall of the cavity formed in the hammer is provided with a bore 19 descending from the upper face of the hammer, and the lower part of this bore is provided with a lateral recess. or cavity 20 forming a seat for the retaining block 18.



   The retaining block 18 is, in general shape, rectangular with curved corners 21 diametrically opposed allowing the introduction of the retaining block into the cavity.
19, as shown in dotted lines in Figure 4 and turn it a quarter of a turn in the housing
20, as shown in solid lines in this FIG. 4, so that the ends of the retaining block are caught in this housing 20 and that this retaining block is held securely in the interior of the hammer.

   To prevent movement of the retaining block, a hole, preferably aonic, descends from the face of the hammer to intersect the outer wall of housing 30, and retaining block 18 is provided with a housing 23. 'Adding to the section made in the / wall of the cavity to receive a taper pin 24 which, when pushed in, locks the retaining block in position. The upper end of this pin 24 is cylindrical and provided with threads to receive an extractor nut 25 which, when rotated in the correct senate, easily removes the taper pin and thus allows the block to be rotated and extracted. detention.



   The piston rod 14 passes with clearance through appropriate openings in the cross member carrying the cylinder and in the retaining block, and is connected at its upper end to its reciprocating piston in the vertical cylinder carried by cross member 8, and is actuated, to lift the hammer, by pressurized fluid

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 admitted into the cylinder below the piston.



   In standard drumsticks, the connection between the lower end of the cylinder and its. support crossmember is established in such a way that the vibrations of the cylinder, coming from the reciprocating movement as well as from the impact of the hammer, cause leaks in the cylinder and, in many cases, the rupture of this cylinder,
An important object of the invention is the realization of a new device for mounting the cylinder on its. cross member, device preventing vibrations and leaks on the pressurized fluid cylinder; the invention also relates to the production of a cylinder cap preventing the expulsion of oil from the end of the cylinder during the stroke of the piston;

   it also aims to achieve a device preventing the projection of the piston out of the upper end of the cylinder in the event of separation of the piston rod thereof)) or of rupture of this tiged
A cylindrical cavity 26 descends, from the central part of the upper surface of the cross member 8, deep enough into the body of the cross member, and the cylinder 27 is set so as to descend, preferably, near the bottom of this cavity 26.



   It is desirable that the cylinder be of special construction with a lower portion 28 of itself. wall fitting in the wall of the cavity 26, and part 29, of slightly greater thickness, disposed above this cavity with thread on the periphery, and with a united upper part 30 which may have the same thickness than that of the strongest part of the threaded part 29.



   In order to strengthen the connection between the lower part of the cylinder 27 and its support cross member 8, a large and robust sleeve 31 is fitted which fits tightly on the cylinder; the lower end of this sleeve ends in a flange 31 projecting laterally and fixed by

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 suitable sturdy bolts;, on the cross member 8, a lining of fibrous substance is interposed between the flange J5L and the. crossmember a to prevent leakage of pressurized fluid through the seal. It is desirable to provide the lower part of this sleeve with threads which screw into the threads 29 of the cylinder. The upper end of the sleeve
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 3l is provided with a bore with threaded wall 34.

   A gasket 35 is disposed between the lower end of
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 the cavity formed by the bore and a stuffing box 36 fitting on the cylinder and having its thread engaging the threads, the stuffing box strongly pushing the packing 35 against the wall of the cylinder so as to eliminate any possibility of leakage of pressurized fluid between the cylinder and the sleeve.



   The upper end of the sleeve 31 is, to pre-
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 ference, provided with a flange 1 projecting laterally and serving as attachment points., tie rods which the upper end is connected to 1:;, a cap 39 resting on the upper end of the cylinder 39. The tie rods 38 are provided with suitable nuts and allow, when they are under tension, to tighten the cap strongly against the cylinder and, consequently, to increase the rigidity of the assembly.



   It is desirable to practice, in the below
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 ¯ of the cap 39 a cylinari cavity that receives the upper end of the cylinder 27, and the central part of this cap is provided with an opening 40 serving as a release to allow the escape of air from the upper part.
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 higher of the cylinder when the piston niont0g which avoids the, a have r epr e a if one The part of the cap if located at. the interior of the cylinder is., preferably. shaped so as to have a downwardly curved wall 41 descending a considerable length from the cylinder wall and forming a
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 c.h1cMe which prevents the projection of oil from the cylinder and

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 allows it to return while allowing air to escape through the central opening,
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 The Ai hat.

   is of strong seati on, is rigidly connected to the thrust-holder, and is arranged in such a way as to prevent the projection of the piston out of the par-
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 upper tie of the cylinder in the case known. Ge piston would separate from his. rod or if this rod breaks, Several lumens of large section are practiced
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 quées in the wall of the cylinder eudelà. of the end of the normal stroke of the piston to allow rapid escape of pressurized fluid from the cylinder when the piston passes these openings ;, which sufficiently reduces the pressure on the piston to avoid serious damage to the bonnet in the event breakage of the piston rod or in case it separates from its piston.



   The invention also provides for the production of a
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 improved seal provided at the lower end of the cylinder to prevent leakage of pressurized fluid through the piston rod bushing in the cross member
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 86 Dan ;, the embodiment shown iai, the lower end of the cylinder is placed at.

   a small distance above the lower end of the furnished cavity
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 in the cross member 8 A lining L3 in fibrous and U-shaped material is placed inside the part of the cavity placed below the cylinder, its outer wall 44
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 being retained by the end of the crown, and its inner annulus wall 45 being in engagement with the piston rod +
As a result of this arrangement, the pressurized fluid admitted into the cylinder tends to expand the. U-shaped fibrous lining of which it presses the inner wall 45 into
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 contact and tight with the piston rod.

   and the mc3, ilitient thus, which prevents leakage of pressurized fluid along the piston rod. It is obvious that the cylinder
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 can extend ju scu 'to the lower end of the. it.-

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   quickly ,, in which case the outer wall 44 of the lining will be retained by the cylinder wall.



     Another object of the invention is the realization of a new piston device.



   In current construction, the upper end of the piston rod is of reduced diameter in order to present a sttr shoulder which has a washer, the piston packing being clamped between this washer and the piston head which has the shape a sleeve and at its upper end engaged, by means of nuts, with the end of the piston rod.,
It has been found that in arrangements of this kind the shocks from repeated hammer blows cause the sleeve to play and loosen the nuts. The piston rod according to the invention is designed so as to prevent the. head to take play on the piston rod,
In the preferred embodiment shown here,

     The upper end of the piston rod is provided with a portion 46 of reduced diameter, slightly conical, terminating in a threaded portion 47. The piston head consists of a long sleeve 48 which fits over the portion. 46 of the rod with a flat circular facet resting on the shoulder provided at the lower end of the reduced diameter part of the rod. The internal face of the sleeve may be conical starting from the shoulder. The outer face of this sleeve is provided with a peripheral annular cavity 49 receiving the horizontal flange of an annular liner 50, the vertical branch of which fits on the wall of the cylinder and engages therewith.

   A sleeve
51, of diameter almost equal to that of the cylinder, fits by sliding on the sleeve 48 and extends slightly above the upper end of this sleeve 48 of the piston head. A disc, or washer 52, presses on the upper end of the sleeve 51 and the elements are tightened.

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 together by means of a nut 53 screwed onto the. threaded part of the piston rod which is itself prevented
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 to rotate by means of a split locking nut Ii provided with eyes clamped together by a bolt M,] Due to this arrangement, a piston head is produced, the elements of which do not take play under the effect of shocks from hammer blows.

   This arrangement is, however, established in such a way as to allow the assembly or replacement
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 easy.es gaskets when worn ,,,
One of the most important objects of the invention is the realization of new means making it possible to regulate the introduction of the pressurized fluid into the cylinder in order to lift the hammer, at the same time as improved means allowing the escape of this fluid. outside the cylinder so as to let the hammer fall,
In the arrangement shown, the fluid is admitted
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 of in the cylinder by means of a duct 6 which is, preferably, formed in the cross-cylinder part A and, starting from the cylinder in the length of one of the arms of the cross-member, communicates at its end exterior,

   with a fitting 57
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 of an intake duct .w1 Qppartenunt to, a distribution boftc or block e fixed securely, by means of bolts 60, to. flanges on the end of the crossmember (fig. 6). The conduit is provided with a drop fitting 61 which it is desirable to place on the same line as the fitting 57 going to the cylinder;

  , so that the pressurized fluid during the exhaust, flows more freely from the cylinder being in a straight line than it does.
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 If the exhaust port was located angularly with respect to the port communicating with the displacement The opposite end of the duct communicates with an inlet port through which the pressurized fluid, preferably air, is supplied by a pipe 63 (see Figure 10). A check valve 64 is mounted on the inlet to prevent the sudden release of fluid under

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 pressure outside the cylinder and the rapid fall of the hammer resulting in / in the event of a lack of pressure in the supply line.



   The supply of the pressurized fluid to the cylinder, and its exhaust are controlled by a distribution spool and the flow of the pressurized fluid in the conduit 58 from the admission to the distribution spool, regulated by an intake spool 66 arranged between the pressurized fluid inlet and the distribution spool,
A very important object of the invention is the provision of means actuated by the pressurized fluid supplied to the cylinder, for actuating the distribution spool together with means actuating the intake spool in the desired order to provide control. easy and precise hammer movements,

     
The intake and distribution spools may have any desired shape and be actuated in any suitable manner to perform the functions described herein.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention described herein, the intake and distribution drawers are vertical cylindrical in shape and are rotatably hawk-mounted in drawer unit 59.



   The distribution spool 65 is provided with a slot 67 passing through it diametrically, and a lateral slot 68 disposed at a right angle. The light 67, when it is on the. same line as the conduit 58, admits the pressurized fluid to the cylinder through the side opening 68 when it is in the position shown in Figures 6 and 7.



   When the spool is rotated by 90, the arrival of fluid from the conduit 58 is prevented, and the lumen 67 passing through the spool diametrically establishes communication between the conduit 56 coming from the cylinder, and the exhaust port, and allows the escape of the fluid contained in

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 the cylinder directly through this exhaust port.
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 In. view to facilitate this escapement the light 67 is enlarged, preferably by lengthening it to give it a substantially elliptical shape ,, as shown in.

   figure 11,
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 and the foam lumen 61 in the block is enlarged so that the area of its cross-section has at least the same value. It is desirable to provide means for adjusting the speed. exhaust of the pressurized fluid out of the cylinder and, consequently ,,, the power of the blow, struck by the hammer. The invention achieves this result by using an exhaust duct in the form of a nozzle 71
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 screwed into the drawer unitzi59 (see figo 6), and fitted with a cylindrical valve L bci sseu 1a through which a light is placed, preferably in the shape of a rectangle or a diamond (see figure la).

   As a result of this slide, the exhaust valve can be adjusted so as to leave all the surface area desired for the release of the pressurized fluid9. cross section and,
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 as it should be, the speed of descent of the iB8trte & u depends on the speed at which the pressurized fluid escapes, The valve c ouxme represents in figure 12, is cylindrical in shape and passes through the stage 7 its lower end is provided with a square 74 engaged with a sleeve 7 mounted on a vertical operating rod 76, the lower end of which rotates in a boss 77 provided on the frame and is provided with an operating lever 78 making it possible to rotate tap.

   Fittings
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 74 and 7 arranged between the valve and the. rod 26 have sufficient flexibility to avoid the seizing of the valve which may occur under the effect of the operation of the apparatus. order to control the movements of the hammer.

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   These means have hitherto been purely mechanical. The invention provides means actuated by pressurized fluid for the control of the manasuvrep drawers. The intake drawer 66, which is also a valve vertical swivel is provided with a light 79 passing through it diametrically and serving to establish communication between the inlet and the distribution spool, as well as with a lateral light 80 establishing communication with the part of the duct 58 placed between the intake slide and the distribution slide.

   The intake slide is provided in its middle with an axial orifice 81 descending below the diametral opening 79 and leading b. a side lumen 82 communicating with a conduit 83 provided with a pipe 84 extending therefrom to supply fluid to the mechanism operating the dispenser spool. It is desirable that the arrangement of the ports 79 80, and in the dispenser drawer intake is established so that the pressurized fluid supplied to the mechanism operating the valve of the valve is taken only from that coming from the cylinder and not from the. supply line.



   The mechanism actuating the intake spool is established so that, when the hammer is lifted to a determined height, the distribution spool 66 is. rotated - in a position interrupting communication between the inlet pipe and the distribution spool, as shown in figure 7.

   A bypass 85 is preferably provided, controlled by a needle valve 86, bypassing the inlet spool 66 in order to supply the cylinder with pressurized fluid to compensate for leaks and thereby keep the hammer lifted, as well as to provide the cylinder with fluid under pressure. ensure the arrival of pressurized fluid to the mechanism actuating the dispensing spool which. will be. further described further,
It has been observed, in the previous pestles provided with cylindrical inlet spools that the fluid with high
 EMI18.1
 1 - .1 ..-. 1- 1-, rl c l), Ij.rt eS

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 load-bearing drawer, which increases the friction between the drawers and these rubbing parts, and that the pressure
 EMI19.1
 side of the fluid against the aroim makes seize, the latter.

   Another important object of the invention is the realization of a new drawer with anti-friction rubbing parts, in which the seal between the slide and its rubbing parts is obtained by oil. Since the arrangement applies to both the inlet and the distribution drawer, the description of one of these drawers will apply to both.



   The preferred arrangement used for these bearings is shown in FIG. 10 in which the body 87 of the slide is in one piece and is provided with a cylindrical rod 88 directed downwards, and a cylindrical boss.
 EMI19.2
 drique 89 directed upwards The ball bearings.in- inferior and upper 90 and are respectively arranged between the. rod e 88 and boss e 8 and a sleeve or bush Ü du '.tiI \, Q1b, ..

   These ball bearings. are fitted tight inside the sleeve while the drawer body is of a very slightly smaller diameter, about two hundredths of a millimeter, which leaves enough play to allow the drawer to rotate freely, and a tight enough fit to allow
 EMI19.3
 the oil supplied to the drawer to form shutter The lower part of the bore made in the drawer unit is closed by a plug 93.9 stretched that the upper end of this bore is provided with a hollow cap 94 screwed into
 EMI19.4
 the wall of the bore and forming a reservoir 95 for the lubricant.

   It is desirable that the diameter of the cap formed in the bonnet be such that the oil directly feeds the upper ball bearings and flows out of these c nu ss and sg between the aorBa of the drawer and the sleeve A vertical channel 96, made in the body of the spool goes from the upper ball bearing race to the

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 lower path, which allows the lubricant to be supplied to the lower ball bearing. The lower end of the spool rod 88 is resiliently connected to the control rod 97 by means of a key 98 Placed in mortises facing each other in the neighboring ends of the rod of the drawer and the control one. A sleeve 99 surrounding this connection is mounted in a suitable support 100 attached to the drawer unit.



   As mentioned above, the intake spool is established in the same way and its rod is connected to a control rod 101 in the manner which has just been described ,,
A very important feature of the invention consists, as has been pointed out above, of means. actuated by pressurized fluid to control the spool valve.

   The preferred device for fulfilling this purpose is that shown in Figure 1, and in detail in Figure 13, and comprises a plate 102, mounted on a projection on the base 1 of the pestle; forming an integral part of this plate and protruding above it), there is a cylindrical casing 103, one end of which is closed and which is provided with a sleeve or socket in engagement with the end of a hollow cap 105 attached to the open end of the cylinder.

   The cylindrical chamber 104 of the casing is provided with a piston 106 with suitable gasket, mounted in the cylinder to receive a reciprocating movement, and engaged with, a conical coil spring 107 of which the other end extends into the cap 105 and presses against the end wall of this cap, a piston rod 108 passes through the closed end of the cylinder 103 and is provided with a larger part k109 and, preferably, rectangular, or connected to this part which slides in bearings driven in a support 110 mounted on the plate 102.

   It is

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 desirable that part 109 of the piston rod be provided with internal and external stops 111 and 112 in order to
 EMI21.1
 to limit the stroke of the pi stona The part 109 of the piston rod is provided with a pin 113 directed upwards, which it is desirable to provide with an anti-friction roller engaging with a cam with a convex surface provided on an arm 114 mounted, and projecting laterally
 EMI21.2
 on the rod 97 connected to the distribution spool 2.! i ...



  When the pressurized fluid is introduced into the chamber 104 the piston 16 is forced backwards, or outwards, causing the stud 113 to engage with the bolt and actuate it. to turn the aistribution slide out of Si: ./. normal position to raise the hammer ,, to its. escape position allowing the fall of this hammer. The pressurized fluid thus introduced into the. chamber 104 pushes the piston
 EMI21.3
 outwards in antagonism to the spring 10? The cylinder 103 is provided with an exhaust port 115 which (when the piston has been forced far enough back to uncover it), allows the pressurized fluid to rapidly escape from the chamber.

   This cylinder is moreover provided near its inner end :, with an escape light
 EMI21.4
 ment 116. smaller and preferably adjustable constantly in communication with the chamber 104 serving to reduce
 EMI21.5
 the pressure of the fluid supplied to. the. chamber 104p taken from the quantity of pressurized fluid from the lifting cylinder of the hammer, and bringing it to the necessary pressure
 EMI21.6
 in order to properly actuate the piston z of the control mechanism of the staging spool and to prevent the build-up of this pressure in the chamber 104.

   after the movement valve is closed ,, as a result of the expansion of the pressurized fluid therein ,, or as a result of leaks around this movement valve, and which could actuate the piston 106 so as to produce a
 EMI21.7
 unwanted repetition of the blow. The exhaust light 116

 <Desc / Clms Page number 22>

 allows more, after the. closing the movement valve, the pressurized fluid escapes with sufficient rapidity for the spring 107 to quickly return the piston 106 to its normal position shown in FIG. 13.



   In order to provide means for making the dispensing spool perform a rapid final movement, the. rod 97 activating this drawer carries, near its lower end, a block 117 with flat faces
118 and 119 arranged at right angles to each other, engaging a spring plunger 120 when the spool rod has rotated enough to cause the hole formed by the meeting of the two flat surfaces to pass through the 'longitudinal axis of the spring plunger 120.



   The invention provides various means of controlling the admission of the pressurized fluid into the mechanism described above to actuate the distribution spool; one of these means consists of a pedal control, and the other a control mechanism requiring the use of both hands to cause the hammer to fall because, in some cases, especially when labor is used inexperienced, it is desirable to occupy both hands of the operator in order to avoid possible accidents to the hand which would remain free.



   In the preferred embodiment shown in the accompanying drawing, the pipe 84, communicating with the duct 58 through the inlet spool 66, goes to a pipe 11 (see Figures 13 and 16) communicating with the inlet. casing 122 of a plug valve 13 provided with a diameter light 124 (see FIG. 14). It is desirable to interpose a sleeve 125 between the shell and the key. A tip there! goes. from neat casing to the chamber of the drawer control mechanism.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 23>

 



   The rod 127 of the valve 123 is provided with a shaft 128 connected, via a connecting rod 1292 (see FIG. 1), to a pedal 130 pivoting on an axis 131 placed at the lower part of the base, and normally held in the air by a coil spring 132, its vertical travel being limited by a stud 133 projecting from the base. It is desirable to make a hole in the base for receiving a pin 134 allowing the pedal to be locked when it is desired to prevent the. hammer control is carried out by the pedal and have it controlled by hand.



   The pipe 84 bringing under pressure into the casing 122 of the valve 123 actuating the pedal movement, also communicates with a pipe 135 which can be arranged around the base, as shown in the figures.
13 and 16, and which communicates with the pipe 126 going to the chamber 104 and is provided with valves 136 and 137 operated by hand by means of handles 138 and 139 respectively; the opening position of these two valves is obtained by the pressure of both hands of the operator, in order to open them. to penetrate the pressurized fluid into the chamber of the mechanism actuating the dispensing spool.

   The pipe 84 is provided with a safety valve making it possible to completely close the admission of the pressurized fluid to the two control mechanisms! And to prevent the effective operation of these mechanisms.



   When the pressurized fluid is admitted into the chamber 104 of the mechanism operating the distribution spool, the piston moves (to the right in figure 13) so as to make the rod 97 and the distribution spool turn. the position in which this slide establishes communication between the cylinder and the conduit 58, providing. the pressurized fluid to this cylinder to lift the hammer, as shown in Figures 6 and 7, to the position in which this slide closes this communication and establishes

 <Desc / Clms Page number 24>

 that between the cylinder and the exhaust in order to drop the hammer, as shown in figure 8.



   Another object of the invention is the production of means preventing the untimely fall of the hammer when the arrival of the pressurized fluid is interrupted or too greatly reduced.



   The pressurized fluid is supplied from a suitable source through pipe 63 going to the inlet port.
 EMI24.1
 µg from pipe a .. Pipe C3 is fitted with a hand-operated L4Q valve, which is only opened when the hammer is in operation ,,
 EMI24.2
 The inlet of the distribution box or casing is provided with an enlarged chamber 141 enclosing an improved check valve which is not susceptible to deterioration or breakage like that of current construction and is more efficient than the latter valves; it is used to prevent the hammer from falling
 EMI24.3
 in the event of an interruption in the air supply.



   A preferred embodiment, shown in detail in Figure 10, comprises a cylindrical plug or sleeve drilled through its entire length, with a bore and threaded wall to receive the lower end of a preferably cylindrical and provided valve body 163. of a se-
 EMI24.4
 rie of vertical slits constituting openings communicating with the interior of the chamber 141 and, consequently, with the duct µ1, the upper end of this valve body is bored to receive a fiber plug 144 thus
 EMI24.5
 a plug 145 provided with a cavity in which fits the upper end of the body of the valve, and screwed 'into the wall of the chamber 141 in order to hold this body of the valve in place.

   A valve seat 146, preferably copper. is clamped between the lower end of the
 EMI24.6
 body of the. valve and the shoulder provided at the bottom of the use made in the buffer 14ò A ball 147,, preferably of steel or other hard material, is enclosed

 <Desc / Clms Page number 25>

 in the valve body where it can move freely in the vertical direction, and normally rests on the valve seat which is some distance below the conduit 58.



   When the pressurized fluid is admitted into the pipe 63, the ball is lifted by this fluid and can be thrown against the pad placed at the upper end of the ball housing which absorbs the shock and prevents damage to the ball. With the fluid stream under pressure established, the ball is supported by the fluid flowing from pipe 63 into chamber 141.



   The ball, however, by following its weight, descends, over a certain distance, offended its seat until this weight equilibrates with the pressure of the fluid arriving through the inlet orifice, and reduces further. or less the surface of the side openings, made in the body of the valve by which the fluid under pressure. sion enters room 141 and, Bar her, enters conduit 58;

   the ball thus regulates, to a very large extent, the volume of the fluid passing through the cylinder at the pressure necessary to lift the hammer and keep it suspended. it has hitherto been pointed out that one of the essential features of the invention is the realization of means allowing the admission into the cylinder of fluid at maximum pressure when the hammer strikes a blow, so that this hammer is taken up. % when it bounces off the sculpin, by the pressurized fluid entering the cylinder, this fluid continuing the upward stroke of the hammer. Taking advantage of the rebound of the hammer on the sculpin to raise the hammer, a great economy of motive force o When using the pestle to forge materials with low resilience, such as heated metals,)

   the hammer will rebound only weakly, or not at all, and if we admit in the cylinder of the

 <Desc / Clms Page number 26>

 fluid at maximum pressure while hammer strikes. the pressure and the expansive force of the fluid that is.

   necessarily admitted to a pressure greater than that which would be sufficient to raise the hammer, would tend, following the expansion and after the fluid inlet has been substantially closed, to make the hammer rise beyond the desired upper limit which, together with the force of the hammer, would be liable to make the stop collar of the piston rod abut violently against the cross member carrying the cylinder.
Figure 15 shows an alternative check valve suitable particularly when the rams are working on hot parts producing little to no rebound,

   and serving to reduce the admission of air into the cylinder during the ascent of the hammer so that the latter gradually comes to a stop at a determined height without any expectation that too violent an impact occurs on the cross member carrying the cylinder.



   This arrangement is also desirable in the case of heavy hammers, requiring fluid at high pressure, where the hammer, on rising, acquires considerable force.



   The arrangement shown in FIG. 15 is similar to that of FIG. 10 in that the block 59 is for * seen from a chamber 141 provided, at its lower end, with a cylindrical sleeve or sleeve 142 traversed by a passage the wall of which is bored and threaded so as to receive the lower end of a cylindrical valve body provided with a seat 146, preferably of copper, clamped between the lower end of the valve body and the shoulder household, at the bottom of the sleeve bore 142.



   However, in the arrangement shown in Figure 15, the valve body 148 is provided with slots.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 27>

 verticals 149 of shorter length than those of the slots shown in Figure 10, and the valve body is bored from its upper end to form a larger bore 150 /.



   A piston 151 slides into the valve body and its upper end is enlarged to present a shoulder 152 engaging with a shoulder provided at the lower end of the bore 150. It is desirable that the piston 151 be axially hollowed out. - ment from its upper end to form a socket 153 receiving. a coil spring 154, the upper end of which engages an adjustable plate 155 provided with a central seat, preferably conical, on which bears the end of an adjusting screw 156 mounted in the cap 157 of the room141.



   The periphery of the lower end of the cap 157 is threaded and is screwed into internal threads made in the wall of the chamber 141. The cap is provided in its middle with a housing receiving the upper end of the spring as well. as the plate 155, and the wall of this housing is bored to receive the upper end of the valve body 148 which engages therewith. the bottom of the bore is tightly clamped in place.

   Holes 158 rising from the lower end of the bonnet to the housing made in this bonnet, establish a reduced communication between the chamber 141 and the chamber 159 inside the bonnet, and the upper chamber of the valve body ;, so that the pressurized fluid entering through the reduced openings 149 can gradually establish, behind the piston 151, a pressure equal to that of the chamber 141.



   During the operation of the device shown in Figure 15, the opening of the distribution spool on the cylinder when the intake spool is also

 <Desc / Clms Page number 28>

 open, as shown in Figures 9 and 10, allows the fluid under maximum pressure to enter, through the inlet light 62 and the conduit 58, into the cylinder and exerts on the cylinder piston its maximum pressure, which lift the hammer. The sudden admission of the pressurized fluid through the inlet 61 raises the ball 147 and the. engages the piston 151, driving it upwards in antagonism to its spring 154.



   The pressurized fluid in this way admitted into the cylinder to start the rise of the hammer is in excess of what is required for this operation, and as fluid pressure has built up in conduit 58 and chamber of breath a small amount of this pressurized fluid will flow through the ports 158 into the chamber 159 behind the piston 131 and will be added to the spring pressure to force this piston 151 and the ball towards its seat, thus reducing / the surface of the ports 149 and the flow of the pressurized fluid to the conduit 58 and thence to the cylinder.

   By thus reducing the amount of fluid arriving at the cylinder during the upward stroke of the piston, the pressure gradually decreases in the cylinder so that when the intake spool is closed as the hammer approaches its height determined, it stops gradually and remains suspended in the high position by the pressurized fluid arriving in the cylinder via bypass 85.



   In these two arrangements, the check valve 147 constitutes safety devices and closes immediately in the event that the supply of the pressurized fluid stops or if the pressure becomes insufficient, to prevent the return through the inlet. which would cause the unexpected sudden drop of the hammer,

   
One of the most important features of the invention is the realization of a control mechanism

 <Desc / Clms Page number 29>

 actuated by pressurized fluid for the operation of the distribution spool and means of ordering this mechanism to cause the appropriate operation of the intake spool in order to effect the admission of the pressurized fluid at the moment when the hammer strikes a blow so that this hammer is attacked when it bounces and continues its upward movement,

   and also cause the inlet to the cylinder to close when the hammer sufficiently approaches the point where. must begin the fall before the. complete termination of this upward movement - This allows the hammer to stop without any part of the hammer mechanism coming dangerously striking the cross member carrying the cylinder.



   Following the invention, this result is obtained by providing the rod 101 of the intake spool with adjustable means, preferably a spiral cam, engaging, during the mounting of the hammer, with a stud placed on the hammer ,, so as to rotate the intake spool into the closed position shown in FIG. 7, thus cutting off the main inlet of the pressurized fluid passing through the duct 58, so that the continuation of the rise of the hammer can only be done as a result of the normal expansion of the fluid in the cylinder, of the living force stored in the hammer, and the small amount of pressurized fluid passing through the by-pasa 85.

   we thus obtain that the end of the rise of the hammer is done slowly making this hammer rise gradually until its upward movement is limited by the contact of a stop collar placed on the piston rod, with the lower face of the cross member carrying the cylinder.



   When the hammer goes down, the cam is at

 <Desc / Clms Page number 30>

 again and again in the opposite direction to open the intake slide, which allows the pressurized fluid to arrive, through line 58, at the distribution slide, which remains closed until the moment when the hammer hits a blow.



   Means have been provided for instar finely rotating the distribution timir to its open position when the hammer strikes the blow and, as a result of the fact that the conduit 58 is filled with fluid under pressure up to the distribution spool. , this pressurized fluid enters the cylinder, as soon as the distributor spool is / opened * in the quantity and pressure required to attack the hammer when it bounces, and it continues to rise until the inlet of the pressurized fluid is again cut off as a result of the maneuver described above of the intake slide, to rotate the distribution slide from its exhaust position to its normal position of admission of the pressurized fluid into the cylinder,

     the spool rod 97 is provided with an adjustable sleeve 160 '(see Figures 1, 2 and 15) carrying a cam 161 which engages with it. an ear, or stud 162 which it is desirable to fix, in a removable manner, to one of the lower guiding elements IL of the hammer.



   A preferred form of stud shown here is a trunk: of horn provided with a fitting mounted in a boss provided on the bearing 5. In order to facilitate the extraction of this stud, we have made the boss angularly with respect to the axis of the seat, a hole 163 communicating with the lower part of this seat to allow the introduction of a caster attacking the end of the fitting of the stud 162 in order to remove it from its seat.



   The sleeve is fixed, in an adjustable manner, on the rod by clamping screws 164, the ends of which

 <Desc / Clms Page number 31>

 entering into the vertical groove 165 formed in the operating rod 97, which makes it possible to adjust the cam to any desired height in order to be able to use dies of different heights. and ensuring the admission of a sufficient quantity of pressurized fluid into the cylinder to instantly raise the hammer when it bounces off the sculpin.

   the vibrations of the rod 97 operating the distribution spool are prevented as a result of the pin 162 being engaged with the cam 161, by means of a support 166 (see FIGS. 1 and the) which partially surrounds this rod and is mounted, in an adjustable manner ,, on a vertical column 167, the lower end of which is mounted in the base, and the upper end in the cross member 8 supporting the cylinder, it is desirable that the vertical column 167 is also provided with a groove and a key 168 to receive the end of the tightening screws 169 fixing, in an adjustable manner the support on the. column.

   It is obvious that the support 166 and the sleeve 160 of the cam can be adjusted together, to any desired height allowing the rotation of the distribution spool to be properly adjusted in relation to the moment when the impact of the hammer occurs,
The intake spool is gas actuated by a similar cam mounted on a sleeve 170 fixed in an adjustable manner on the rod 101 by clamping screws. This cam is engaged with a stud 171 mounted on the upper element 6 of the hammer, this stud 171 being similar, as a construction and as a mounting to the stud 162, a support 172 serving as a reinforcement and mounted in an adjustable manner on the column 167, is engaged with the.

   rod 101 actuating the intake spool immediately below manohon 170 reads and prevents vibrations of the rod produced by engagement of stud 171 with the cam mounted on sleeve 170.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 32>

 



   The adjustment of the cam sleeve 170 makes it possible to cut off the admission of pressurized fluid into the cylinder when. the hammer reaches any determined height so that the end of the movement of the hammer is slowed down sufficiently so that it is stopped at a determined height of fall, thanks to the engagement of the stop sleeve of the piston rod with the underside of the crosspiece carrying the cylinder.



   The engagement of the stud 171 with the cam of the sleeve 170 acts. during the upward movement of the hammer, to rotate the intake spool by 30, which is sufficient to close the duct 58 and to establish communication, through the ports 80 and 82 of the intake spool and the µil pipe, with the mechanism operating the dispensing spool
It is desirable that the rod 101, operating the intake spool, be provided with a collar 173 having a flat face 174 engaging the flat face of a spring plunger 175 mounted on the plate 10, and serving. normally to keep the dispensing spool in the normal open position and prevent the spool from overturning (figure 13)

  . as a result of the arrangement which has just been described the direct inlet of pressurized fluid from the inlet 62 to the distribution spool 67 is cut off by the inlet spool when the upper stud 171 mounted on the hammer engages the cam of the sleeve 170 and rotates the intake spool 66 to the position shown in FIG. 7. The hammer then completes its stroke under the action of the reduced volume of fluid under pressure passing through the by- pass 85 surrounding the intake spool as a result of the expansion of the fluid contained in the cylinder * and of the force force stored in the hammer.



   The piston rod 14 has a stop collar

 <Desc / Clms Page number 33>

 adjustable 176 engaging with a boss 177 projecting towards the bottom of the cross member from the cylinder, and forming an integral part, thus limiting the upward movement of the mantle and fixing its falling position (Figure 16).



   By adjusting the position of this stop collar 176 as well as that of the cam sleeve 170, or determine the fall height of the hammer,
When this hammer is dropped by turning the distribution spool 65 to the. exhaust position, as shown in figure 8, the stud 171, when the hammer descends!) engages with the cam of the sleeve 170 mounted on the rod 101 of the intake spool to turn this spool into position opening shown in Fig. 9, which allows the application of maximum pressure on the dispensing spool 65 which is closed so that when it is open as a result of the engagement of the stud 162 with the . came 161 while the hammer strikes a blow,

   the fluid under maximum pressure is admitted into the cylinder and attacks the hammer when it bounces off the. chabotte.



   The different positions of the distribution and intake spools during the raising and lowering of the hammer are shown in Figures 6,7,8 and 9, and it is possible to briefly describe, with reference to these figures, the operation. hammer Range continued-
When the hammer rests on the chabotte, the intake and distribution sliders are 'in the. position shown in Figure 60 We then open the. valve 140 mounted on the main pipe, the pressurized air enters the cylinder through the pipe 58 and consequently causes the hammer to rise.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 34>

 



   When the hammer approaches the top of its stroke, a point determined by the position given to the adjustable cam sleeve 170 and that of the adjustable stopper 176 on the piston rod, the upper pin 172 of the hammer engages the shaft. cam of the sleeve 170 and rotates the inlet spool to the position shown in Figure 7, thereby cutting off the direct flow of pressurized fluid from the inlet of the spool through conduit 58.



  The final upward movement of the hammer continues under the action of the expansion of the pressurized fluid below the piston and the force of the hammer, as well as under the effect of the pressurized fluid entering through the bypass 85 , until. that the stop collar 176 comes into contact with the boss 177 formed on the cross member 8 carrying the cylinder.



  The hammer is then kept suspended by the pressurized fluid arriving in the cylinder via the narrow bypass 85 and the distribution spool 65,
When the intake spool is thus in the closed position with respect to the duct 58, communication is established, through the ports 80 and 82 of the intake spool, with the pipe 84 going to the valve mechanism. training*. The rotary valve 123 of the drive mechanism is then normally in the closed position, as shown in FIG. 14, with 1a. pedal mounted, and hand-operated, hand-operated, spring-actuated drawers 136 and 139 closed.



   If it is desired to operate the drive mechanism using the pedal, lowering this pedal causes valve 123 to turn to its open position, which allows the pressurized fluid to enter, through this valve 123 and pipe 126, in chamber 104 of the drawer control mechanism. thus pushing the piston 106 outwardly towards the. (Fig. 13), and causing the stud 113 to engage the cam surface of the arm 114 mounted on the. rod 97 and turns the dispensing spool to the

 <Desc / Clms Page number 35>

 open or exhaust position.



   During the rotation of the rod 97 actuated the drawer, the plunger 120 is pushed backwards until the wedge formed by the flat face 118 exceeds the axis of the plunger, following which the drawer valve is held in the full exhaust position by the pressure of the spring-loaded plunger, and the hammer has fallen.
The speed at which the hammer is allowed to fall is determined by adjusting the average water of lever 78 to valve 72 of the exhaust nozzle, so that the force of the hammer blow can be adjusted with it. precision.



   At the start of the descent, the upper pin 171 mounted on the head of the hammer? again engages the cam of the sleeve 170 and rotates the intake spool to the open position, as shown in Figure 9, thereby applying all the power of the pressurized fluid to the surface of the valve. distribution spool 65 which is closed. At the same time, the rotation of the intake spool closes the communication between the lumen 80 of the intake spool and the pipe 84 leading to the mechanism operating the distribution spool,
When, by opening the valve 123 of the drive mechanism as described above, the fluid under pressure is admitted into the.

   chamber 104 of this mechanism, its piston 106 is pushed beyond the lumen 115, and as the arrival of the pressurized fluid through the pipe 84 is cut off, the pressure of the fluid in the chamber 104 decreases rapidly and the piston 106 is returned to its normal position by the action of spring 107, the fluid remaining in the. chamber 104 escaping through the exhaust light 16 which remains constantly open, This light 116 is.

     established or adjusted to dimensions allowing the escape of the pressurized fluid with a sufficient speed to prevent the

 <Desc / Clms Page number 36>

 piston 106 is actuated a second time, which otherwise. could occur as a result of the expansion of fluid in chamber 104 after inlet spool 66 has shut off fluid flow through pipe 84.

     The exhaust port further prevents the piston 106 from being switched on unintentionally as a result of leaks which jam around the intake spool when it is closed.
As the hammer approaches the shaft, the lower stud 162 'mounted on this hammer, engages with the cam 161 and rapidly rotates the valve spool from the exhaust position to the normal position, which allows the fluid under pressure which acts with full force on the distributor spool to enter the cylinder as soon as the blow is struck and to attack the hammer as it bounces, the rise continuing in the manner previously described.



   Obviously, if we keep the pedal down. the distribution spool and the intake spool are actuated repeatedly in the order described above, which automatically causes the hammer to strike a series of blows * When you want to strike a single blow, you lower the pedal and we abandon it immediately,
Control can be effected in the same manner by operating the hand valves 136 and 137 when the drive mechanism is not in use.



   It is evident that, by adjusting the valve 140 controlling the inflow of pressurized fluid into the cylinder, the rate of admission of the fluid and hence the rate of rise of the hammer can be varied. By adjusting the height of the sleeves 170 and of the collar 176 of the piston rod, the drop height of the hammer can be varied. The adjustment of the lever 78 controlling the valve 72 of the exhaust light makes it possible to vary the height of the hammer. 'fluid escape

 <Desc / Clms Page number 37>

 out of the cylinder, in order to drop the hammer at its maximum speed or at any desired speed, so that the hammer can be struck with the desired power.

   advantageous means have been provided making it possible to support the hammer at a certain distance above the chabotte in order to be able to mount the dies on the chabotte and on the hammer, or to get them out, without the danger of the hammer falling:, and also to provide a safety device preventing the descent of the hammer when the operator is working on the dies while the hammer is raised and the arrival of the pressurized fluid to the hammer is closed, or if the piston rod breaks or the piston comes off.



   In the arrangement according to the invention, the lower end of a column 178 rotates. in a bush formed in a support 179 bolted on the double 1, and its upper end rotates in a suitable bush (not shown) provided in the cross member carrying the cylinders A split sleeve 180 is mounted, in an adjustable manner, on the column 178 by means of tightening bolts 181 through the flanges 182 and 183 provided on the sleeve. A key or rib 184 prevents this sleeve from rotating on the column. The sleeve 180 is provided with an arm 185 projecting laterally and which the rotation of the column 178 places below the underside of the hammer.



  A suitable handle 185x is attached to the column 178 to allow the operator to rotate the handle 185 to the position where it supports the hammer., A position shown in solid lines in Figures S and 3, or above. reject out of use, position shown in dotted lines in Figure 3.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 38>

 the hammer can be lowered so that it rests on the arm 185 by closing the valve 140 of the main supply line 63; hereupon, the weight of the hammer will cause sufficient leakage from the cylinder for the hammer to descend gradually, or it can be lowered onto this support arm 183 by other means which will be described later.



   An important feature of the operation of the mechanism described here is that the descent of the hammer can be controlled by manually operating the exhaust valve.



  When this hammer is found supported at its. determined drop height, the distributor spool is normally open in order to admit the pressurized fluid to the cylinder, and closes the exhaust port. The valve 72 can be rotated to its closed position by actuating the lever 78. The dispensing spool can then be rotated to the exhaust position. If we quickly bring the exhaust valve to the exhaust position by means of lever 78, the hammer is lowered which strikes a blow at any push, The blow struck, the valve spool turns to its position opening in order to admit the pressurized fluid back into the cylinder, and to blow off the hammer. Simple blows can thus be struck by actuating the exhaust valve.

   However, the lever 78 can be given a gradual limited movement to allow air to escape slowly through the exhaust light so that the hammer gradually descends. By operating the exhaust tap and the valve 140 mounted on the supply line 63, the hammer can be balanced at any desired height.



   It is often desirable to obtain an impression of the dies before they are quenched by means of a short, sharp stroke, this can be easily achieved by operating, when the hammer is raised, the lever 78 to close the valve.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 39>

 exhaust. then operating the drive mechanism so that it rotates the valve spool to the exhaust position, then gradually opening the exhaust valve to slowly lower the hammer to the desired height, and sharply opening the exhaust valve;

   the hammer then descends to strike the desired sharp blow and after the shock returns to its normal drop height as its stud 163 engages the spiral cam 161 and rotates the valve spool to the intake position in the pressurized fluid cylinder. gradually opening the exhaust valve in the manner described above, the hammer can be lowered slowly on the support arm 185. When this hammer is thus lowered, the valve spool remains in the exhaust position, if although admitting the pressurized fluid by operating the drive mechanism does not raise the hammer.



   Another important object of the invention is the production of means making it possible to rotate the drawer. distribution valve in its normal position to lift the hammer, as well as means for activating the distribution spool by hand to cause the hammer to fall or its gradual descent. This result is obtained by fitting the spindle of the spool. distribution of an arm or handle 186 preferably fixed to the sleeve 160 both. spiral cam 161. It is obvious that, when the distributor spool is in the exhaust position, it can be rotated to its normal position for admitting fluid into the cylinder by moving the lever 186 in the desired direction. It is thus possible to lift the hammer from the support arm 185 to. fall position.

   If the handle is moved in the opposite direction in order to turn the distributor spool towards the exhaust position, the hammer may fall and this

 <Desc / Clms Page number 40>

 drop can be adjusted by moving handle 186 either to make the hammer strike a full blow or, by limiting the movement of lever 186, to rotate the valve spool more slowly to the exhaust position and lower the hammer gradually - Lement, 1, the invention also aims to provide a safety device preventing the rotation of the dispensing spool and its rod when assembling or adjusting the dies, or at any other time when the It is desired to prevent the operation of the hammer.



   The preferred means, shown in the figures
17 and 18, comprise a U-shaped stopper provided with a vertical branch 187 mounted so as to slide in a vertical hole passing through the support 166 near the sleeve 160 of the cam 161 actuating the distribution spool, and engaging, when it is in the position shown in Figure 18, with a boss 188 through which the stop screw 164 clamps the sleeve 160 on the. rod 97.



   The upper end of the branch 187 is curved laterally and downwards to form a horizontal part 189 and a descending branch 190 forming the U. The branch 190 is sufficiently spaced from the branch 187 to clear the edge of the support 166 and to allow the lower end of the branch 187 to lie in the passage of the boss 188 as described above.



  The leg 190 is, however, of such length that, when the U-shaped stopper 189 is mounted, the lower end 187 of this leg releases the boss 188. The U-shaped portion can be rotated sideways and the ex-body dropped. - lower end of branch 190 in a suitable socket provided in the. upper face of the support and, therefore, keep it out of use during normal operation of the pestle,

 <Desc / Clms Page number 41>

 
When the hammer is supported at its drop height by the pressurized fluid arriving via bypass 85, it can also be allowed to descend gradually by closing valve 1; µ0 mounted on the main pipe 63 ma.rtea.u gradually draining the fluid from the cylinder due to leaks.



   The realization of safety devices on a pestle is obviously of extreme importance because any false maneuver carried out on the pestle is likely to cause serious injuries to the pestle The invention, consequently creates several safety devices intended to prevent the accidental fall of the hammer and, in addition to those described above, we can also mention the following:

  -
The inlet is provided with a check valve preventing the sudden fall of the hammer in the event of stopping or too strong reduction of the flow of fluid as has been described above ,,
The main fluid supply line 63 is provided with a valve 140 making it possible to completely stop the flow of fluid into the cylinder,
The rotation of the exhaust valve to its closed position by means of the handle 78 prevents the sudden fall of the hammer.
Pipe 84 through which fluid passes from the cylinder to the drive mechanism. is provided with a valve 192 which, when closed, prevents the operation of the drive mechanism.



   The two levers138 and 139 operated at the. hand require, for their control, the use of both hands of the rammer so that the hammer can fall,
The evacuation lumen 116 of the cylinder 103 prevents an accidental fall of the hammer from producing a second blow which could injure the rammer.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 42>

 



   The cylinder is provided, near its upper end, with a series of openings of large dimensions allowing the rapid escape of the pressurized fluid if the piston comes to rise higher than these ports as a result, for example, of the pressure. separation of the piston from its rod, or the separation of this rod from the hammer, or the rupture of the piston rod. When the pressure in the cylinder is thus released, the continuation of the upward movement of the piston can only be caused by the stored living force. Under these conditions, the piston cannot be thrown out of the end of the cylinder due to the presence of the bonnet which is of rigid construction and is strongly secured on the top of the cylinder.



   It is therefore obvious that, thanks to these various devices, the pillar is completely safe from false maneuvers liable to injure the pillar.



   Another feature of the invention is the realization of new means of supplying the lubricant to the drive mechanism. This mechanism is enclosed in a boot or envelope 193. A bucket or oil tank 194 provided with a rod 195 carrying a valve 196 operated by hand and communicating with a connector 197 going to the duct.
121 which admits pressurized air to the drive drawer 123. is lying.



   When the pestle is going to be turned on, the valve 196 is quickly opened and closed in order to introduce a small quantity of oil into the fitting 197. that, with the drive valve 123 open, the oil is entrained, by the pressurized fluid, by this valve and the pipe 126, into the cylinder 104 and blown, through the. exhaust port 116, in finely pulverized form, in. the boot chamber or envelope. The oil thus introduced greases all the moving parts one by one.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 43>

 compared to others of the drive mechanism.



   It is understood that the invention has been described above and shown in the accompanying drawing only for explanatory and non-limiting purposes, and that it may include any variant or modification of detail in accordance with its terms. mind.


    

Claims (1)

ABSTRACT Forging hammer comprising a hammer with reciprocating vertical movement a cylinder provided with a piston connected to the hammer, a conduit communicating with the cylinder and provided with a connection constituting an exhaust port, means for bringing the fluid under pressure to ,. this duct a distribution spool mounted in this duct selectively operable to admit the pressurized fluid in order to raise the hammer or to release the pressurized fluid therefrom in order to drop the hammer, and an intake spool mounted on the duct between this fluid intake and this distribution spool, This pestle can be further characterized by the following points together or separately The distribution spool is actuated by pressurized fluid means subjected only to the pressure of the fluid in the cylinder, means controlling the arrival of pressurized fluid from the cylinder to the spool control means. Means actuated by hand control the admission of pressurized fluid from the cylinder to the cylinder control means, means actuated by the hammer during its descent cut off the arrival of pressurized fluid to the means actuating the spools ,,, 3 Means actuated by the hammer during its descent towards the end of its useful stroke, open the distribution spool to admit the pressurized fluid <Desc / Clms Page number 44> in the cylinder to lift the hammer as it bounces, and prevent it from hitting a second blow. 4 A valve actuated by a pedal controls the admission of pressurized fluid to the control means of the sliders ,, The admission of the pressurized fluid to the control means of the spools is controlled, as a variant, by means actuated by hand requiring the simultaneous use of both hands of the operator. 6 The intake spool is provided with a light making the cylinder communicate with The control means of the control spool of the element when the intake spool closes the pressurized fluid inlet to the cylinder * 7 A bypass runs from the fluid intake duct around the intake spool, to supply the cylinder with only the amount of pressurized fluid necessary to keep the hammer raised. 8 The intake spool is actuated by the hammer during its ascent when it approaches a determined height, in order to cut off the supply of pressurized fluid to the means actuating the spools. 9 The means of rotation of the intake slide are adjustable so as to vary the height to which the hammer is raised. The mechanism for actuating the dispensing spool comprises a fluid pressure chamber communicating with the inlet spool of the cylinder, a piston in this chamber, and means controlled by this piston when actuated by pressure from the cylinder. fluid, to turn the distribution spool to the exhaust position, 11 The wall of the chamber is provided with an evacuation light serving to prevent the build-up of pressure which would result in causing an untimely action of the piston as a result of repeated strokes. <Desc / Clms Page number 45> 12 A casing encloses the mechanism actuating the control valve, means allowing the introduction of oil into the chamber of the mechanism actuating the drawers, and the oil being sprayed into the casing by the movement of the piston, thus lubricating the mechanism operating the spools. 13 A spring returns the piston actuating the drawers to its rest position when the fluid pressure is released in the chamber of the mechanism operating the sliders. 14 The distribution and intake spools can rotate around vertical axes and are provided with ball bearings to prevent the spools from sticking under the action of the fluid pressure to which they are subjected. The distribution and intake drawers are enclosed in a cylindrical casing with ball bearings arranged above and below the slots in the drawer, means for supplying oil forming a seal between the drawer and its casing, 16 Hollow caps formed reservoirs for the lubricant enclose the upper end of the bearings in which the distribution and intake spools are respectively mounted. 17 The duct exhaust fitting and the distributor spool exhaust light have a larger cross-sectional area than the part of the duct and spool lumen through which the fluid pressurized is admitted into the cylinder, allowing rapid escape of the pressurized fluid from the cylinder to allow the hammer to fall. 18 The exhaust connection of the duct is provided with a ball valve with angular cross-section, adjustable), which can be adjusted with. precision exhaust speed of displacement <Desc / Clms Page number 46> 19 The inlet port going from the inlet of the pressure to the duct communicating with the inlet and distribution spools, is provided with a valve body with seat and a ball valve moving vertically in this body. Adjustable means control the vertical movement of the ball in order to adjust the volume of pressurized fluid admitted to the cylinder, 21 The seat of the ball is of relatively softer metal than that of the ball, and is disposed to settle and harden under the blows of the ball to give it a perfect seat ,, 22 A wide sleeve is fitted and attached to the lower part of the cylinder and its upper and lower flanged ends, the lower flange being attached to the cross member carrying the cylinder. 23 The cylinder has a cap attached to the upper flange of the sleeve. 24 The cylinder bonnet is provided with a central discharge opening the wall of which is curved downwards, forming a baffle preventing oil from being expelled from the upper end of the cylinder. The lower end of the cylinder descends below the sleeve into a socket in the sleeper carrying the cylinder. 26 A gland is fitted between the upper end of the sleeve and the cylinder. 27 A stamped annular seal, of flexible material, is placed between the lower end of the cylinder and the base of the sleeve, the inner wall of the sleeve being engaged with the piston rod, in such a manner that the The admission of pressurized fluid into the cylinder maintains the inner wall of the seal in close contact with the piston rod. <Desc / Clms Page number 47> 28 The upper end of the piston rod is provided with a tapered / reduced diameter portion providing a shoulder, and the piston rod mounted on this reduced diameter portion is surrounded by a sleeve which clamps the seal to the piston head, this sleeve being fixed in an adjustable manner, by a washer and a locking nut 29 The hammer is provided with protrusions widely spaced from each other sliding on absolutely cylindrical columns, these protrusions being reamed down from their upper end to almost their lower end, softer metal fittings fitting into the 'bore and so as to slide on the columns, the wall. the lower end of the bore supporting the linings so that the repeated falls of the hammer compact the metal of these linings in order to maintain the perfect fit of the bearings and hence the precision of the movements of the part. 30 The lower end of the. piston rod is provided with an extended side flange in a sleeve formed in the hammer, a spherical mass of elastic material normally being interposed between the lower end of the piston and the bottom of the sleeve, elements not metal being disposed between the flange and a retaining block disposed at the upper end of the sleeve, 31 The retainer block, of rectangular cross section and removably disposed in a cavity extending laterally from a bore in the upper end of the hammer, is held in place by means of a taper pin mounted in the hammer and penetrating in a conical cavity made in the .. retainer block $, the spindle having its upper end threaded to receive a nut used to extract it <Desc / Clms Page number 48> 32 A vertical column mounted so as to be able to turn in the base is provided with an arm which can pivot behind the hammer, so as to support the latter in the rest position in order to assemble and replace the matrices. 33 The hammer support arm is adjustable on the column. 34 the spool of the distribution spool is provided with an arm allowing the spool to be turned by hand in the desired direction to raise the hammer, means for locking the spool to prevent it from rotating in position exhaust when the hammer is raised. 35 Both the spool valve and the exhaust port valve can be maneuvered and adjusted by hand to allow the hammer to strike a sharp blow from any desired height, or descend at the desired speed, 36 The valve spool automatically rotates from the exhaust position to that of inlet of pressurized fluid to the cylinder as the hammer approaches the chabotte, thus preventing rebound. the / @ arteau after any blow resulting from the manual operation of the distribution spool, 37 The cylinder is provided with slots placed above the normal limit of the vertical displacement of the piston in order to allow the escape of the fluid from the cylinder if the piston comes to rise higher than the slots, thus preventing the piston from projecting out of the end <Desc / Clms Page number 49> upper cylinder in case of piston separation failure.