BE377697A - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- BE377697A BE377697A BE377697DA BE377697A BE 377697 A BE377697 A BE 377697A BE 377697D A BE377697D A BE 377697DA BE 377697 A BE377697 A BE 377697A
- Authority
- BE
- Belgium
- Prior art keywords
- nitrogen
- nitriding
- gas
- nitric oxide
- oxides
- Prior art date
Links
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 nitride ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZWWCURLKEXEFQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dinitrogen pentaoxide Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[N+]([O-])=O ZWWCURLKEXEFQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFPZPJSADLPSON-UHFFFAOYSA-N dinitrogen tetraoxide Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)[N+]([O-])=O WFPZPJSADLPSON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[Pb]O[N+]([O-])=O RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrate group Chemical group [N+](=O)([O-])[O-] NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000802 nitrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/24—Nitriding
- C23C8/26—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
Description
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Il PROCEDE DE CEMENTATION"
Cette invention a trait à la production de couches ou revêtements nitrurés sur des matières ferreuses par le procédé consistant à chauffer les matières dans des subs- tances gazeuses contenant de l'azote, et spécialement à un genre de cémentation des dites matières ou pièces par la production de revêtements nitrurés durs et résistant à l'usure. L'objet de l'invention est un procédé permettant d'accélérer et d'intensifier l'action des gaz nitrurants sur les matières ferreuses de façon à diminuer le temps nécessai-
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re pour produire un revêtement d'une dureté ou d'une épaisseur données.
Il est préférable de nitrurer les métaux ferreux à de basses températures afin d'éviter le risque de dété- rioration de la matière dont sont faits les objets à traiter et d'éviter la formation de revêtements fragiles. Pour permettre la production du revêtement nitruré aux basses températures, des quantités critiques de certains agents tels que l'aluminium qui favorisent la nitruration ont été alliées à la matière à nitrurer. La présence des dits agents dans les objets à nitrurer permet l'application de basses températures de l'ordre de 460 à 5800 C.
En chauffent un alliage de ce genre dans un agent nitrurant gazeux tel que l'ammoniaque pendant 12 à 20 heures, on peut produire un revêtement mince, dur et résistant à l'usure mais en raison de la lenteur de cette réaction, l'appareil de traitement thermique nécessaire par unité de production est important et coûteux.
La demanderesse a trouvé qu'on peut produire des revêtements azotés durs en beaucoup moins de temps par l'application des oxydes ou anhydrides d'azote conjointe- ment avec l'agent nitrurant. L'oxyde nitrique ou bioxyde d'azote AzO est un excellent accélérateur. L'un quelconque des oxydes dtazote ou anhydrides tels que l'oxyde nitreux, le tétraoxyde d'azote ou le pentoxyde d'azote peuvent être appliqués comme accélérateur, et l'on peutaussi appliquer des mélanges de ces oxydes ou anhydrides. L'action accélé- rée résultant de l'application d'un oxyde d'azote conjointe- ment avec l'agent de nitruration produisant le revêtement est peut être due à la production momentanée d'azote sous une forme active qui se combine réellement avec les éléments de la matière ferreuse.
L'équation sui.vante représente une réaction productrice d'azote élémentaire qui peut avoir
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lieu dans la chambre nitrurante chauffée lorsqu'on fait usage d'ammoniaque comme agent nitrurant et d'oxyde nitri- que comme accélérateur 4AzE + 6AzO = 5Az + 6H2O L'addition du gaz azote à l'ammoniaque n'accélère pas la formation d'une couche azotée. Cependant, la nature exacte des réactions est inconnue et l'accélération est peut-être due à la formation de quelque composé azoté instable qui n'est pas encore identifié. L'invention n'est pas limitée aux tentatives d'explication qui précèdent.
Toute quantité appréciable de l'accélérateur peut être appliquée. Lorsqu'on fait usage d'un agent ni- trurant gazeux, les proportions préférées de l'agent ni- trurant et de l'accélérateur sont celles correspondant aux poids réactifs chimiques des gaz. Ainsi,un mélange composé de 40 % d'ammoniaque et de 60 % d'oxyde nitrique, en poids, est indiqué à titre d'exemple, mais d'autres proportions d'oxydes ou anhydrides d'azote accéléreront la formation d'un revêtement azoté.
On fera comprendre l'invention à l'aide d'un exemple. On plaça un objet d'alliage contenant 95,5 % de fer, 0,9% d'aluminium et de faibles quantités de silicium, manganèse, carbone, phosphore, soufre, nickel, molybdène et chrome dans un récipient clos dont on déplaça l'air par un mélange gazeux composé de 40 % d'ammoniaque et 60 % d'o- xyde nitrique, en poids, et l'on chauffa le récipient et son contenu à 4600 C environ pendant 4 heures pendant qu'on introduisait dans le récipient un courant du mélange gazeux. Après refroidissement, on constata que l'objet était revêtu d'une couche azotée mince adhérente, résistant à l'usure et dont la dureté était plus grande que celle correspondant à une dureté Brinell de 1000.
On chauffa un objet d'alliage analogue dans du gaz ammoniac seul pendant le même temps et à la même température,
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mais il ne se produisit sensiblement aucun durcissement par nitruration.
Diverses modifications de l'invention seront suggérées par la description qui précède. Par exemple, des nitrates, tels que le nitrate de plomb, qui dégagent de l'oxyde nitrique lorsqu'on les chauffe peuvent être placés dans le récipient avec la matière à nitrurer de façon que des oxydes d'azote soient engendrés par la dé- composition du nitrate. L'invention est d'ailleurs suscep- tible de recevoir un grand nombre de modifications sans s'écarter de son esprit.
<Desc / Clms Page number 1>
It CEMENTATION PROCESS "
This invention relates to the production of nitrided layers or coatings on ferrous materials by the process of heating the materials in gaseous substances containing nitrogen, and especially to a kind of carburizing of said materials or parts by the process. production of hard and wear resistant nitrided coatings. The object of the invention is a method making it possible to accelerate and intensify the action of nitriding gases on ferrous materials so as to reduce the time required.
<Desc / Clms Page number 2>
re to produce a coating of a given hardness or thickness.
It is preferable to nitride ferrous metals at low temperatures in order to avoid the risk of deterioration of the material of which the articles to be treated are made and to avoid the formation of fragile coatings. To enable production of the nitrided coating at low temperatures, critical amounts of certain agents such as aluminum which promote nitriding have been alloyed with the material to be nitrided. The presence of said agents in the objects to be nitrided allows the application of low temperatures of the order of 460 to 5800 C.
By heating such an alloy in a gaseous nitriding agent such as ammonia for 12 to 20 hours, a thin, hard and wear-resistant coating can be produced, but due to the slowness of this reaction the apparatus heat treatment required per unit of production is important and expensive.
Applicants have found that hard nitrogenous coatings can be produced in much less time by the application of nitrogen oxides or anhydrides together with the nitriding agent. Nitric oxide or nitrogen dioxide AzO is an excellent accelerator. Any of the nitrogen oxides or anhydrides such as nitrous oxide, nitrogen tetraoxide or nitrogen pentoxide can be applied as an accelerator, and mixtures of these oxides or anhydrides can also be applied. The accelerated action resulting from the application of an oxide of nitrogen together with the nitriding agent producing the coating may be due to the momentary production of nitrogen in an active form which actually combines with the nitriding agent. the elements of ferrous material.
The following equation represents an elemental nitrogen producing reaction which can have
<Desc / Clms Page number 3>
take place in the heated nitriding chamber when ammonia is used as nitriding agent and nitric oxide as accelerator 4AzE + 6AzO = 5Az + 6H2O The addition of nitrogen gas to ammonia does not accelerate the formation of 'a nitrogenous layer. However, the exact nature of the reactions is unknown and the acceleration may have been due to the formation of some unstable nitrogen compound which has not yet been identified. The invention is not limited to the above attempts at explanation.
Any appreciable amount of the accelerator can be applied. When a gaseous nitriding agent is used, the preferred proportions of the nitrating agent and the accelerator are those corresponding to the chemical reactive weights of the gases. Thus, a mixture composed of 40% ammonia and 60% nitric oxide, by weight, is indicated by way of example, but other proportions of nitrogen oxides or anhydrides will accelerate the formation of a nitrogen coating.
The invention will be understood by means of an example. An alloy object containing 95.5% iron, 0.9% aluminum and small amounts of silicon, manganese, carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, nickel, molybdenum, and chromium was placed in a closed container from which it was moved. air with a gas mixture of 40% ammonia and 60% nitric oxide, by weight, and the vessel and its contents were heated to about 4600 C for 4 hours while being introduced into the container a stream of the gas mixture. After cooling, it was found that the object was coated with a thin adherent nitrogenous layer, resistant to wear and whose hardness was greater than that corresponding to a Brinell hardness of 1000.
A similar alloy object was heated in ammonia gas alone for the same time and at the same temperature,
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but substantially no nitriding hardening occurred.
Various modifications of the invention will be suggested by the foregoing description. For example, nitrates, such as lead nitrate, which give off nitric oxide when heated can be placed in the container with the material to be nitrided so that nitrogen oxides are generated by the de- composition of nitrate. The invention is moreover capable of receiving a large number of modifications without departing from its spirit.
Claims (1)
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| BE377697A true BE377697A (en) |
Family
ID=47924
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE377697D BE377697A (en) |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE377697A (en) |
-
0
- BE BE377697D patent/BE377697A/fr unknown
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