BE377698A - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- BE377698A BE377698A BE377698DA BE377698A BE 377698 A BE377698 A BE 377698A BE 377698D A BE377698D A BE 377698DA BE 377698 A BE377698 A BE 377698A
- Authority
- BE
- Belgium
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- ferrous metal
- nitrided
- nitriding
- ferrous
- Prior art date
Links
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical group N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/24—Nitriding
- C23C8/26—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
Description
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"PROCEDE DE CEMENTATION PAR NITRURATION"
L'invention a trait à la nitruration des matières ferreuses, et plus spécialement à la production de couches nitrurées dures et résistant à l'usure sur des matières fer- reuses par le procédé qui consiste à chauffer lesdites ma- tières dans des agents azotés tels que l'ammoniaque. L'ob- jet de l'invention est d'accélérer et intensifier l'action des gaz nitrurants sur les matières ferreuses de façon à diminuer le temps nécessaire pour obtenir un revêtement
<Desc/Clms Page number 2>
superficiel de dureté ou d'épaisseur données.
La demanderesse a découvert qu'il existe un grand nombre de métaux qui accélèrent l'action d'agents nitrurants sur des objets ferreux susceptibles d'être nitrurés lorsque des agrégats des dits métaux sont très intimement associés aux surfaces des objets à nitrurés et, en particulier, que le cuivre constitue un excellent accélérateur. Le métal peut être appliqué à l'état pur ou sous forme d'un alliage contenant une quantité appréciable de cuivre, par exemple du laiton. On produit l'accélération en associant intime- ment l'agent nitrurant, l'accélérateur et la surface à ni- trurer.
L'influence de l'accélérateur diminue à mesure que la distance qui le sépare de la surface à durcir augmente, les meilleurs résultats étant obtenus lorsque les métaux sont placés aussi près que cela est possible tout en permet- tant l'accès de l'agent nitrurant au métal à nitrurer. Par conséquent, les accélérateurs pouvant épouser aisément les surfaces à nitrurer et pour constituer un revêtement poreux sont préférables.
Une poudre ou un treillis ou toile métal- lique constitue des accélérateurs convenables, mais l'accé- lérateur peut être appliqué sous d'autres formes. L'inven- tion est spécialement utile en ce qui concerne la produc- tion de revêtements nitrurés durs sur de l'acier par le pro- cédé qui consiste à chauffer l'acier dans du gaz ammoniac à de basses températures, par exemple comprises entre 4500 C et 5800 C. environ, mais une accélération peut être produite/
On fera comprendre l'invention par un exemple.
Un objet en alliage ferreux qui contenait environ 1% d'a- luminium fut enveloppé dans une toile de cuivre comportant 7,2 fils de cuivre de 0,45 millimètre de diamètre par cen- timètre. On plaça l'objet enveloppé, dans un récipient dont on déplaça le contenu d'air par du gaz ammoniac. On maintint
<Desc/Clms Page number 3>
une atmosphère d'ammoniaque dans le récipient et l'on chauf- fa celui-ci et son contenu à 460 C environ pendant 4 heures.
On constata que l'objet était revêtu d'une couche nitrurée dure, résistant à l'usure, et d'épaisseur constante à sa surface. La dureté Brinell de cette couche était de 1000 environ.
On plaça un autre échantillon du même alliage, sans aucun enveloppement dans le récipient et on le chauffa dans les mêmes conditions pendant 4 heures. On n'avait pas obtenu de revêtement nitruré dur au bout de cette période de 4 heures, mais on obtint un revêtement dur en chauffant pendant une période de 12 à 16 heures.
Un autre échantillon du même alliage fut envelop- pé dans de la toile de cuivre et chauffé à 460 C environ pendant 2 heures dans une atmosphère composée de 40 % d'am- moniaque et de 60 % d'oxyde nitrique, environ. On constata que l'échantillon était revêtu d'une couche superficielle uniforme de matière azotée dure et résistant à l'usure.
Quoique l'emploi de 40 % d'ammoniaque et de 60 % d'oxyde nitrique conjointement avec du cuivre donne d'excellents résultats, on peut appliquer n'importe quel mélange d'ammo- niaque et d'oxyde nitrique, que ce mélange soit composé de gaz purs ou qu'il soit dilué par un gaz non délétère tel que l'azote, et appliquer l'un quelconque des oxydes ou anhydrides d'azote comme accélérateur supplémentaire. Dans un but d'économie, l'ammoniaque et les oxydes ou anhydrides d'azote peuvent avantageusement être employés approximati- veinent dans les proportions de leurs poids réactifs.
On a trouvé que les accélérateurs en laiton ou autres alliages de cuivre sont pratiquement aussi bons que ceux en cuivre pur. On a obtenu une accélération à l'aide d'accélérateurs composés d'autres métaux non ferreux parmi @
<Desc/Clms Page number 4>
lesquels on citera les métaux suivants sensiblement purs: aluminium, chrome, molybdène, titane, manganèse, silicium ou vanadium. Les accélérateurs composés de cuivre ou d'al- liages riches en cuivre donnent généralement les meilleurs résultats aux températures relativement basses. En raison de leurs points-de fusion élevés, le chrorne, le molybdène, le titane, le manganèse, le silicium ou le vanadium possè- dent des avantages spéciaux pour l'application aux hautes températures.
<Desc / Clms Page number 1>
"PROCESS OF CEMENTATION BY NITRURATION"
The invention relates to the nitriding of ferrous materials, and more particularly to the production of hard and wear-resistant nitrided layers on ferrous materials by the process of heating said materials in nitrogenous agents such as than ammonia. The object of the invention is to accelerate and intensify the action of nitriding gases on ferrous materials so as to reduce the time necessary to obtain a coating.
<Desc / Clms Page number 2>
surface of given hardness or thickness.
The Applicant has discovered that there are a large number of metals which accelerate the action of nitriding agents on ferrous objects capable of being nitrided when aggregates of said metals are very intimately associated with the surfaces of the objects to be nitrided and, in in particular, that copper constitutes an excellent accelerator. The metal can be applied neat or in the form of an alloy containing an appreciable amount of copper, for example brass. Acceleration is produced by intimately associating the nitriding agent, the accelerator and the surface to be nitrided.
The influence of the accelerator decreases as the distance between it and the surface to be hardened increases, the best results being obtained when metals are placed as close as possible while still allowing access to the accelerator. nitriding agent to the metal to be nitrided. Therefore, accelerators which can readily conform to the surfaces to be nitrided and form a porous coating are preferable.
A powder or a wire mesh or wire mesh are suitable accelerators, but the accelerator can be applied in other forms. The invention is especially useful in connection with the production of hard nitrided coatings on steel by the process of heating the steel in ammonia gas at low temperatures, for example between 4500 C and 5800 C. approximately, but acceleration can be produced /
The invention will be understood by way of example.
A ferrous alloy object which contained about 1% aluminum was wrapped in a copper cloth comprising 7.2 copper wires 0.45 millimeters in diameter per centimeter. The wrapped object was placed in a container, the air content of which was displaced by ammonia gas. We maintained
<Desc / Clms Page number 3>
an ammonia atmosphere in the vessel and the vessel and its contents are heated to about 460 ° C for 4 hours.
It was found that the object was coated with a hard nitrided layer, resistant to wear, and of constant thickness on its surface. The Brinell hardness of this layer was about 1000.
Another sample of the same alloy was placed, without any wrapping, in the container and heated under the same conditions for 4 hours. A hard nitrided coating had not been obtained after this 4 hour period, but a hard coating was obtained by heating for a period of 12 to 16 hours.
Another sample of the same alloy was wrapped in copper cloth and heated to about 460 ° C for 2 hours in an atmosphere of approximately 40% ammonia and 60% nitric oxide. The sample was found to be coated with a uniform surface layer of hard, wear resistant nitrogenous material.
Although the use of 40% ammonia and 60% nitric oxide together with copper gives excellent results, any mixture of ammonia and nitric oxide can be applied, whether this mixture. either composed of pure gases or diluted with a non-deleterious gas such as nitrogen, and apply any of the nitrogen oxides or anhydrides as an additional accelerator. For reasons of economy, ammonia and nitrogen oxides or anhydrides can advantageously be employed in approximately the proportions of their reactive weights.
It has been found that accelerators made from brass or other copper alloys are almost as good as those made from pure copper. Acceleration has been obtained using accelerators composed of other non-ferrous metals among
<Desc / Clms Page number 4>
which include the following substantially pure metals: aluminum, chromium, molybdenum, titanium, manganese, silicon or vanadium. Accelerators composed of copper or copper-rich alloys generally perform best at relatively low temperatures. Due to their high melting points, chromium, molybdenum, titanium, manganese, silicon or vanadium have special advantages for application at high temperatures.
Claims (1)
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| BE377698A true BE377698A (en) |
Family
ID=47925
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE377698D BE377698A (en) |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE377698A (en) |
-
0
- BE BE377698D patent/BE377698A/fr unknown
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