BE495584A - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- BE495584A BE495584A BE495584DA BE495584A BE 495584 A BE495584 A BE 495584A BE 495584D A BE495584D A BE 495584DA BE 495584 A BE495584 A BE 495584A
- Authority
- BE
- Belgium
- Prior art keywords
- catalysts
- acetylene
- alkali
- hydrogen
- carbon monoxide
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WFYPICNXBKQZGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N butenyne Chemical group C=CC#C WFYPICNXBKQZGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MWWATHDPGQKSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyne Chemical group CC#C MWWATHDPGQKSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/78—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon
- C07C1/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C07C1/06—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen in the presence of organic compounds, e.g. hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2521/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C07C2521/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- C07C2521/08—Silica
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
- C07C2523/02—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of the alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
- C07C2523/04—Alkali metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
- C07C2523/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- C07C2523/74—Iron group metals
- C07C2523/745—Iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2527/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- C07C2527/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C07C2527/16—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof containing oxygen
- C07C2527/167—Phosphates or other compounds comprising the anion (PnO3n+1)(n+2)-
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
<Desc/Clms Page number 1>
PROCEDE D'HYDROGENATION CATALYTIQUE DE L'OXYDE DE
CARBONE.
Dans l'oxydation catalytique de l'oxyde de carbone,avec cer- tains catalyseurs du groupe du fer (cobalt, nickel), il est connu d'employer des gaz de synthèse qui renferment de l'acétylène ou d'autres hydrocarbures gazeux possédant une triple liaison. D'après le brevet allemand 764.165, on obtient ainsi, avec des catalyseurs au cobalt, par exemple, des rendements élevés en oléfines. Dans une certaine mesure, les hydrocarbures acétyléniques ajoutés au gaz de synthèse peuvent être remplacés par de l'éthylène ou d'au- tres hydrocarbures ayant une double liaison. Jusqu'ici, on n'a pas utilisé des catalyseurs au fer pour le traitement de mélanges oxyde de carbone-hydro- gène renfermant de l'acétylène.
La demanderesse a fait la constatation étonnante ci-après dans le cas de catalyseurs au fer, en particulier 'de ceux qui ont été im- prégnés avec des sels alcalins d'un acide non volatil, de préférence du phos- phate de potassium et/ou du silicate de potassium, et avec des gaz de syn- thèse contenant de l'acétylène, on obtient déjà à des températures inférieu- res, un taux de transformation suffisamment élevé. La teneur en acétylène doit être de 0,5 -.10 %, en volume, de préférence 0,5 - 1 %. L'abaissement de température que l'on peut obtenir est d'environ 20 C.
On sait que la température de synthèse, avec les catalyseurs au fer, est en rapport direct avec le débit de gaz par volume de catalyseur, et avec la formation d'hydrocarbures à haut poids moléculaire. On n'obtient des hydrocarbures à haut poids-moléculaire en quantité plus grande que si l'on travaille à des températures plus basses. Dans' ces conditions, le débit gazeux possible devient très faible et le taux de transformation de (CO + H2) dépasse à peine 40 - 50 %. Des températures plus élevées conduisent bien à un taux de transformation plus élevé, mais elles entraînent une formation plus grande de méthane et une diminution de la formation de paraffines.
<Desc/Clms Page number 2>
En opérant suivant l'invention, c'est-à-dire avec addition de 0,5 - 10 % d'acétylène, on peut obtenir, déjà à des températures de synthèse de 195 - 200 C, des taux de transformation de 65 - 70 %, avec un taux de for- mation de méthane restant inférieur à 7 %. Sans addition d'acétylène, on ob- tient à ces températures, un taux.de transformation total de 40 - 50 % seu- lement. A des températures plus élevées de 220 - 225 C, on atteint, il est vrai, un taux de transformation de 65 - 70 %, mais il faut compter avec un taux de formation de méthane de 12 - 16 %.
Le procédé suivant l'invention présente un autre avantage, à savoir : par suite de la température de' synthèse inférieure, on obtient un rendement élevé en hydrocarbures à point d'ébullition supérieur à 320 C.
Y compris les paraffines 'que l'on peut extraire du catalyseur,'on obtient environ 30 % d'hydrocarbures bouillant au dessus de 320 C.
Non seulement pour les températures de marche, dans le cas de catalyseurs au fer, mais aussi pour l'augmentation progressive de la température de synthèse, la température peut, suivant le procédé de l'in- vention, être maintenue environ 20 C plus basse que dans le cas où l'on n'a- joute pas d'acétylène.,De cette manière, on a une augmentation notable de la durée de vie du catalyseur, car pour l'augmentation progressive de la température de synthèse, on dispose d'un intervalle de température plus grand d'environ 20 C.
Une imprégnation suffisante des catalyseurs au fer avec des sels alcalins d'un acide non volatil est essentielle pour le mode opéra- toire suivant l'invention. La teneur en alcali (exprimée en K20) peut être de l'ordre de 1-10 % de K20, de préférence 3 % de la teneur en fer.
L'acétylène' ajoutée aux gaz de synthèse peut être remplacée par d'autres hydrocarbures gazeux possédant une triple liaison, par exemple par la vinylacétylène, l'allylène et composés analogues. Au lieu d'acétylène, on peut utiliser en partie des hydrocarbures ayant une double liaison par exemple l'éthylène.
EXEMPLE.
A partir d'une solution de nitrates correspondants, on précipi- te, par une solution de carbonate de sodium, un catalyseur contenant 100 parties de fer et 5 parties de cuivre.-Après un bon lavage on imprègne la bouillie de catalyseur précipitée avec le l'orthophosphate de potassium normal (P 04 H2 K) de telle sorte que le catalyseur terminé contienne pour 100 parties de fer (Fe), 3 parties de K2 0. Le catalyseur final possède un degré de réduction correspondant à 40 % de fer libre.
Lorsqu'on fait passer, par heure, sur un dm3 de ce catalyseur 100 1. de gaz à l'eau (mesurés dans les conditions normales) on obtient à une température de synthèse de 200 C, un taux de transformation (CO + H2) de 50 - 55 %. Le taux de formation de méthane s'élève à environ Il % des produits de synthèse liquides. Y compris la quantité de paraffines obtenue en soumettant le catalyseur à une extraction, les produits de synthèse comportent environ 20 % d'hydrocarbures bouillant au dessus de 320 C.
Lorsqu'on traite avec le même catalyseur, à 200 C et avec le même débit, du gaz à l'eau, contenant 1,5 % en vol. d'acétylène, le taux de transformation s'élève alors à 70 - 72 %. Le taux de formation de méthane s'abaisse à environ 7 %. Les produits de synthèse, y compris les paraffines extraites du catalyseur, contiennent environ 30 % d'hydrocarbures bouillant au dessus de 320 C.
Le catalyseur précipité et séché est réduit à 250 C avec un mé- lange hydrogène-azote passant, sur le catalyseur à la vitesse de 1,4 m/sec., pendant 60 minutes. La vitesse du courant gazeux doit être comprise entre 1 et 2 m/sec.
<Desc / Clms Page number 1>
CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION PROCESS OF OXIDE
CARBON.
In the catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide, with certain catalysts of the iron group (cobalt, nickel), it is known to use synthesis gases which contain acetylene or other gaseous hydrocarbons having a triple bond. According to German Patent 764,165, high yields of olefins are thus obtained with cobalt catalysts, for example. To some extent, the acetylenic hydrocarbons added to the synthesis gas can be replaced by ethylene or other hydrocarbons having a double bond. Heretofore, iron catalysts have not been used for the treatment of carbon monoxide-hydrogen mixtures containing acetylene.
The Applicant has made the following surprising finding in the case of iron catalysts, in particular those which have been impregnated with alkali salts of a non-volatile acid, preferably potassium phosphate and / or. or potassium silicate, and with synthetic gases containing acetylene, a sufficiently high conversion rate is already obtained at lower temperatures. The acetylene content should be 0.5-10%, by volume, preferably 0.5-1%. The drop in temperature that can be obtained is about 20 C.
It is known that the synthesis temperature, with iron catalysts, is directly related to the gas flow rate per volume of catalyst, and to the formation of high molecular weight hydrocarbons. High molecular weight hydrocarbons are only obtained in larger quantities if they are operated at lower temperatures. Under these conditions, the possible gas flow becomes very low and the conversion rate of (CO + H2) barely exceeds 40 - 50%. Higher temperatures do lead to a higher conversion rate, but they result in more methane formation and less paraffin formation.
<Desc / Clms Page number 2>
By operating according to the invention, that is to say with the addition of 0.5 - 10% acetylene, it is possible to obtain, already at synthesis temperatures of 195 - 200 C, conversion rates of 65 - 70%, with a rate of methane formation remaining below 7%. Without the addition of acetylene, a total conversion rate of only 40-50% is obtained at these temperatures. At higher temperatures of 220 - 225 C, it is true, a conversion rate of 65 - 70% is reached, but it is necessary to reckon with a methane formation rate of 12 - 16%.
The process according to the invention has another advantage, namely: as a result of the lower synthesis temperature, a high yield of hydrocarbons with a boiling point above 320 ° C. is obtained.
Including the paraffins which can be extracted from the catalyst, approximately 30% of hydrocarbons boiling above 320 ° C. are obtained.
Not only for the running temperatures, in the case of iron catalysts, but also for the gradual increase in the synthesis temperature, the temperature can, according to the process of the invention, be kept about 20 C lower. that in the case where acetylene is not added., In this way, there is a significant increase in the lifetime of the catalyst, because for the gradual increase in the synthesis temperature, there is a larger temperature range of about 20 C.
Sufficient impregnation of the iron catalysts with alkali salts of a non-volatile acid is essential for the procedure according to the invention. The alkali content (expressed as K20) can be of the order of 1-10% K20, preferably 3% of the iron content.
The acetylene added to synthesis gases can be replaced by other gaseous hydrocarbons having a triple bond, for example by vinylacetylene, allylene and the like. Instead of acetylene, it is possible to partly use hydrocarbons having a double bond, for example ethylene.
EXAMPLE.
From a solution of corresponding nitrates, a catalyst containing 100 parts of iron and 5 parts of copper is precipitated with sodium carbonate solution. After a good washing, the precipitated catalyst slurry is impregnated with normal potassium orthophosphate (P 04 H2 K) such that the finished catalyst contains per 100 parts of iron (Fe), 3 parts of K2 0. The final catalyst has a degree of reduction corresponding to 40% free iron .
When one passes, per hour, through one dm3 of this catalyst 100 1. of gas with water (measured under normal conditions) one obtains at a synthesis temperature of 200 C, a conversion rate (CO + H2 ) from 50 - 55%. The rate of methane formation is approximately 11% of the liquid synthesis products. Including the amount of paraffins obtained by subjecting the catalyst to extraction, the synthesis products contain approximately 20% of hydrocarbons boiling above 320 C.
When treating with the same catalyst, at 200 ° C. and with the same flow rate, gas with water, containing 1.5% by volume. of acetylene, the conversion rate then amounts to 70 - 72%. The rate of methane formation drops to about 7%. Synthesis products, including paraffins extracted from the catalyst, contain about 30% hydrocarbons boiling above 320 C.
The precipitated and dried catalyst is reduced at 250 ° C. with a hydrogen-nitrogen mixture passing over the catalyst at a speed of 1.4 m / sec., For 60 minutes. The speed of the gas stream must be between 1 and 2 m / sec.
Claims (1)
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| BE495584A true BE495584A (en) |
Family
ID=139034
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE495584D BE495584A (en) |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE495584A (en) |
-
0
- BE BE495584D patent/BE495584A/fr unknown
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