BE504802A - - Google Patents

Description

       

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  CIRCULAR Loom.



   The object of the invention is a circular loom comprising improvements to the delivery systems for warp yarns, weft yarns and finished fabric.
Diaprés the invention, the chain is delivered from six coils arranged circularly at the base of the loom, following the sides of a regular hexagon.
The yarns which compose it pass over a yarn-carrying bar, the curvature of which allows the geometrical transformation without constraint of the plane surface existing at the exit of the beams into the cylindrical weaving surface. They are then threaded through the eyelets of the stringers, \! then slipped between the strips of the circular comb.



   The weft is then deposited by one or more shuttles rolling along the comb and circulating in the shed opening formed by the warp threads placed, by the play of the heddles, one towards the inner edge and the other towards the bottom. outer edge following the rhythm of the armor
The warp threads can all be brought back towards the inner edge of the comb, thus freeing the shuttles which become easily accessible from the outside, in particular to allow the replacement of empty cans by full cans by means of automatic devices. with which the loom is equipped.

   Such a device will be described later, but it is also possible to use a system of one of the types described in the patents of the same inventors filed for "Circular loom" and for "Automatic device for reloading the shuttle. in a circular loom.



   Each pick is tight at the bottom of the shed opening by

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 a sharp tail carried by each shuttle, then packed by a special device.



   The fabric formed passes between two concentric tori intended to maintain a circular shape. In the form of a tube, this tissue must be flattened to be stored. Given the impossibility of passing directly from the cylinder to the plane as a result of the different lengths of the paths traversed by each of the warp yarns, the fabric passes over a bar, the bending of which is carried out according to a profile which compensates for these differences.



  It is then caught between two rolling mill type rollers which ensure its drive. These two rollers rotate at a determined speed and in synchronism with the deposition speed of the series according to the weft count of the fabric; this advance speed is regulated on demand by a variator.



  On leaving the rolls, the fabric is stored on a beam.



   In the accompanying drawings, there is shown schematically and by way of example an embodiment of the invention.



   FIG. 1 is a plan showing the arrangement of the warp yarn beams.



   FIG. 2 shows, in elevation, a stepladder mounted on the platform constituted by the lower frame and the beam carriers.



   Figure 3 shows in elevation the braking system of a beam.



   FIG. 4 shows, in perspective, a chain breaker device. -
FIG. 5 shows, in perspective, the bar for transforming the flat sheet of the son of chain into a cylindrical sheet.



   Figure 6 shows the principle of three-shuttle weaving.



   FIG. 7 is a vertical section through VII-VII of FIG. 8 of a slide mechanism for controlling the beams.



   Figure 8 is a top view of this mechanism with partial section through VIII-VIII of Figure 7.



   FIG. 9 is a vertical section of the heddle return mechanism associated with the mechanism of FIG. 7 and located in the extension of this mechanism.



   FIG. 10 shows in section a variant of the locking system of the return mechanism of FIG. 9.



   FIGS. 11 and 12 are diagrams of the control mechanism for the locking electromagnets of the mechanism of FIG. 9 or of that of FIG. 10.



   Figure 13 is a perspective of the shuttle and the cane.



   Figure 14 is an axial vertical section of the can of Figure 13.



   FIG. 15 shows in perspective, on a large scale, the formation of the pick.



   Figure 16 is a schematic plan showing the control of three shuttles.



   Figures 16a and 16b show the play of magnetic attractions and repulsions.



   Fig. 17 is an elevation showing the barrel which contains the full cans.



   Figure 18 is a section through XVIII-XVIII of Figure 17 showing the arrangement of the barrel rotation control mechanism.

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   Figures 19 and 19a are partial plans showing the arrangement of the reloading mechanism of a shuttle.



   Figure 20 is a section through XX-XX of Figure 17.



   Figures 21 and 22 show details of the reloading mechanism of a shuttle.



   Figure 23 shows the fabric feed stop mechanism.



   Figure 24 shows in elevation one half of the loom.



   Figure 25 shows the other half of the loom in vertical section.



   Figure 26 is an enlargement, shifted by 180, of part of Figure 25, showing the pick-packing mechanism, in section through XXVI-XXVI of Figure 27.



   Figure 27 is a corresponding plan.



   Figure 28 is an enlargement of a detail of figure 26, in section through XXVIII-XXVIII of figure 290
Figure 29 is a section, to the same scale, through XXIX-XXIX of figure 28.



   Figure 30 is a plan of part of the loom.



   Figure 31 is a view on a larger scale of part of Figure 25, in section through XXXI-XXXI of Figure 340
Figures 32 and 32a are plans on a larger scale of part of figure 300
Figure 33 is an elevation on XXXIII-XXXIII of Figure 32.



   Figure 34 is a partial sectional elevation of the right end of Figure 330
Figure 35 shows in elevation the transmission mechanism shown in plan figure 320
Figures 36 and 37 show respectively in cross section and in side elevation the cutting mechanism of the finished tissue.
If we first refer to Figures 1 and 2, as well as to Figures 24, 25 and 30, we see in Figure 1 the lower frame which consists essentially of six I-bars, 1, equidistant and. arranged along the radii of a circle, having for center the center 150 of the loom On each of the irons and towards their outer end is mounted a sheet metal sector 2.

   These sheet metal sectors constitute the fixed part of the walkway.
In the six intervals between the sectors are placed the beam carriers 4 (Figures 1 and 2) of which only five are shown in Figure 1. These can move radially on rails 3, thus making it possible to release passages giving access to @ 'inside the loom to repair any disturbance (wire breakage, etc ...).



   These carriages constructed of welded sections support at their end situated towards the center of the loom the beams 8 on which the warp threads 26 are wound; they are lined at their upper part with a sheet 4a which comes to rest in the. plumb with the sheets of sectors 2, ensuring the continuity of the walkway; finally, the plates 2 and the carriages 4 are bordered on the outside by a guide member such as a tube 5.

   Two stepladders 6 (figure 2), which are used for the monitoring of the shuttle, the bobbin changing devices and the winding of the fabric, roll on the platform thus formed and are guided on the tube 5 by two wheels 7 fixed to each stepladder by a fitting 151 and which9 resting on either side of the tube 5,

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 prevent tipping.



   A trolley 4 is also visible in figure 24, and a stepladder 6 in figure 25.



   Each beam 8 is constituted by a coil rotating around a fixed axis 152 (FIG. 3). On each of the two cheeks 153 of the reel are mounted two drums 8a used for braking. The fixed axis 152 is
 EMI4.1
 subjectīdan.s- two bearings 24 (figures 1, 3 and 24) carried by the carriage 4, as indicated previously o
The beam braking is carried out as shown in figure 3.

   The brake consists of a feeler roller 9 which follows the variation of the external diameter of the beam loaded with wire, of a brake band with friction lining 10, of an angled lever 11 articulated at 19 in a fixed point of the frame and connected at 15 by a tie rod 154 to the strip 10, a tension spring 12 attached at 16 to the lever 11 and at 17 to a lever 155a wedged on the axis 18 of the rod 155 of the roller 9, and of a tension adjustment device This device consists of a lever 13 articulated at, 131 to a fixed upright 156 integral with the frame of the machine, and of a screw 20 which is screwed into the lever 13 and the end 157 of which bears on the frame.

   The brake band 10 is fixed to the lever 13 by a hook 14 cooperating with a lug 14a of the lever 13; the spring 12 is still tensioned. The rod 155 of the feeler 9 is articulated at 18 to the frame of the machine.



   The feeler 9 follows the decrease in diameter of the beam following the unwinding of the wire; point 17 approaches point 16, thus reducing the deflection and, consequently, the tensile force of spring 12 on lever 11; this oscillates slightly around point 19 in decreasing
 EMI4.2
 reducing the tension of the brake band 10 on the drum 8a of 15ensouple.



  This device, which opposes the unwinding to a constant resistive torque, makes it possible to maintain an invariable tension in the layer of warp threads, whatever the state of the packing of the beam. In addition, it is possible to adjust the tension of the strip 10, and consequently to stretch the warp threads more or less, by screwing or unscrewing. the next screw 20, on the one hand,
 EMI4.3
 the number of the fl-1-used in. chain and, on the other hand, the chain account.



  To remove the beam, the screw 20 is unscrewed, which decreases the tension of the strip 10 and causes the lever 11 to swing until its branch 158 hits a fixed stop 21. The hook can then be separated.
 EMI4.4
 14 of the lug 7l, .aa Then, the rod 155 of the feeler 9 is tilted around the point 18. This rod carries a lateral lug 22 which engages
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 expensive with the 159 end of Uh- angled lever 23 articulated at 160 to the frame. and operated by means of a pedal 25 provided with a return spring 25a.



  We then unscrew the screw 24b which keeps the upper band 24a against the bearing 24, ¯ and we rotate it.



   To reassemble the beam, it is brought to the bearings 24 of the
 EMI4.6
 carriage 4; the upper bands 24a are folded back, which are immobilized by the screws 2 / b¯, and the brake band is hung up at 14, ll, .¯ao The hook 22 of the rod 155 of the feeler 9 is still hooked in 159, it suffices. to press on the pedal 25 to release this rod and make the feeler regain its place on the beam. The tension of the brake band is then adjusted by means of the screw 20 as indicated above.



   On leaving the beam, the warp threads 26 which are still in the form of a flat sheet pass through the chain breaker device. This is made up as follows (figure 4):
Each warp thread 26 passes over a first roller 27 then through a hole 28a drilled in a conductive strip 28 which it passes through, and finally over a second roller 29. The strips 28 are guided by or-
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 spacing ganes-2gb¯, conductors and connected to a box 32. When one of the wires breaks, the strip 28 which it passes through falls on a con-
 EMI4.8
 ductrice 30, isolated by a gasket 30a of the housing 32.

   The blade 28 taking a position such as that shown schematically enmointiliés

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 establishes contact between the plate 30 and the wall 32, through the intermediary of the parts 28b, which closes an electrical circuit represented as a whole by 310 The frame 32 forms a sort of box across the width of the web of son, and a compressed air duct 33 opens there at the base to drive out the downs which would tend to settle on the plate 30 and to prevent the contact of the strips 28 with this plate The rollers 27 and 29
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 are mounted on the box 32 by supports 2ï¯a9 29ao
Closing the circuit 31, by the fall of a strip 28, triggers a safety device,

   warning or stop device 109 which does not form part of the invention but is preferably of the type described in the patent of the same inventors filed for "Safety devices for looms" or in the addition thereto. patent filed the same day as the present application.



   After passing the second roller 29 of the chain breaker, the threads 26 must be routed to the harness and the comb. It is then necessary to transform the plane sheet of warp threads into a cylindrical sheet of
 EMI5.2
 same developed width, ie such that the threads remain equidistant to each other.

   So that these wires do not tend to deviate laterally from the ideal line, this line must represent the shortest distance measured along the wire between the starting point taken on the beam and the point of 'arrival on the eye of the beam that it crosses, or more exactly on the corresponding point of the inner circle of a toric bar 38 placed in the vicinity of the eyelets of the beams and before them (figures 5 and 25) =
FIG. 5 schematically shows the action of the bar 34 which serves to transform the flat web of warp threads into a cylindrical web.



  This bar has a curvature determined according to purely geometrical conditions and in the details of which we will not enter here.
 EMI5.3
 simply that., if LI 'L1 ooocco are the lengths of the wires 26 between the bar 29 and the bar:! 9 r and t-Ià bar-34 and t SL! 2 ,,;': '; -,' - lès: E6ii- g.éeux "#?" dsflsrooinprisé = erévl = bré 34et'-a irë'gfl 2i rAi! it2 that
 EMI5.4
 19 ort is L1 + L2 = L9 1 + Ly 2 = Lil1 + Ltt 2 = 0te.



  Under this condition, the wires 26 will have no tendency to come apart.
 EMI5.5
 place, since L1 + L2 represents the minimum path of the wire considered, this result is obtained as follows. A double nut 35 is screwed onto two threaded rods in the opposite direction; one 35a is fixed to the frame of the
 EMI5.6
 em35b machine, the other 35c is fixed to the bar 34 in its middle. This rests at its ends on two spherical seats. 36, and by acting on the nut 35 the curvature of the bar 34 is modified, which allows an adjustment. The distribution of the warp threads along a fictitious cylindrical surface carried out beyond the bar 38 is therefore done in a purely geometric manner and without constraint of any kind.



   We will now briefly review the principle of weaving, referring to Figure 6 and assuming that we use three turnips-
 EMI5.7
 Your offset from Z.20 a The warp threads being distributed regularly on a cylindrical surface, it is necessary to communicate to them in groups a back and forth movement which will allow the-crossing of the weft.



  Let A9 B and C9 be the respective origins of the weaving of the shuttles a9 h and ç (figure 6).



  We will divide the weaving circumference into three zones I, II,
 EMI5.8
 III, the direction of rotation of the shuttles being indicated by the arrow F. The

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 weaving circumference is assumed to be developed according to A-Al, AC, CB and BA1 corresponding to the three segments which correspond to the three zones I, II, III.



   The three shuttles a, b, c, and the three corresponding picks are represented by three lines of a different nature.



   The first strip in figure 6, marked 1/3, shows the position of the picks at the end of the first third of a turn, the second strip (2/3) at the end of the second third, and the third strip (3 / 3) at the end of the third third, ie at the end of the first round.



   At the start, the shuttle deposited its pick in zone I; the shuttle b deposits its pick in zone III; shuttle. 2 places its pick in zone II. This during the first third of the turn.



   At the start of the second third of a turn, shuttle a enters zone II, shuttle b enters zone I, and shuttle .2 enters zone III, as shown schematically in figure 60
By examining strip 3/3, we see that the pick from A is the first, full pick on one turn: it will be the pick N 1.



   At the end of one turn, we have indeed deposited three equal lengths of pick, and we could admit that the next third of a turn we will immediately begin the fourth, fifth, sixth, and soo picks. The fourth pick would then start in B, the fifth in C, the sixth in A, etc ...



   In doing so, in zone I, we would have the succession 1, 2, 3, 4, etc ..... of picks, but in zone III we would find pick 1 neighboring with pick 5, and in zone It is the pick 2 adjacent to the pick 6. It is therefore necessary, so that the weaving corresponds over its entire width to the point of the weave ratio, that the picks have the same origin and the same end.



   It follows from this condition that at the end of the first turn, only the shuttle a will weave a new pick in the next pick, the two other shuttles ending their duitage started the shuttle h on the complementary third of the turn, the shuttle c on the two thirds of a complementary turn. In addition, these three shuttles deposit three well-determined picks which must form the same point which is specific to them whatever they may be. the zones in which these shuttles are located, and this for one turn of each of them counted from the common origin.



   It can therefore be understood that the son raised for one shuttle must be lowered for the next shuttle, and vice versa.



   It is therefore necessary to cause the movement of the beams or groups of beams, so as to adapt it to the characteristics of the armor and to the path of the shuttles.
In the embodiment shown by way of example in Figures 7 to 12, it is assumed that the loom uses three shuttles set at 120.



   The number of stringers is equal to the number of warp threads.



  In the following, it will be assumed that these threads are grouped into 180 groups of 100 threads, and the mechanism for controlling these groups of threads will be described.



   The movements of each group of heddles are produced by two cams 39 (Figure 7) and 40 (Figures 7 and 8) keyed by a key 37 on the shaft 67 of the loom. These cams, with internal paths 39a, 40a, control rollers 41 journaling around axes 41a fixed in slides 42, 42a which are guided in openings 161 of the external part 48 of a housing. These slides operate the heddle groups 43 and 44 to which they are connected by a frame 45 (Figures 7 and 8). The cams 39, 40 are reinforced by external ribs 39b, 40b (Figure 7).

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  The slides are distributed over the faces of a plate 46
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 (figo 7 and 8), which makes two stages of 90 slides each., and they are guided in their horizontal movement by rings 46a which close guides 46b (figo 7 and 8), themselves fixed radially on the plate 46 by parts 46c. The cams and the slides are housed in a casing formed of three elements 47, 48 and 49. This casing is sealed as tight as possible by arranging the rings 50 around the shaft 67 and a strip of felt 51 at the openings 161 of the shaft. passage of the slides.



   A small gear pump 52 driven by a small electric motor 53 ensures the circulation of oil necessary for the correct lubrication of the system. This circulation takes place as follows: the pump and its motor are fixed under the casing 47 which serves as an oil reservoir The casing 47 is connected to the pump by a short pipe
 EMI7.2
 54. From the pump leaves a second pipe 54axis which, passing outside between the slides, leads to an nozzle 181 passing through the cover 49 of the casing (FIG. 7).

   The oil supplied to this nozzle is discharged into a circular groove 55 formed in the hub of the upper cam 40 and, from there, through holes 162 suitably disposed in the hubs and on the faces of the cams, the The oil is distributed between the slide stages to finally fall into the bottom of the housing 47.



   It will be noted that, in this arrangement, the pump is constantly under load and that, consequently, no defusing is to be feared.



  The oil flow will be regulated by acting on the engine speed 530
The cams-39 and 40 being single path, their work can only be done in one direction. Carrying out the return movement is obtained by a device which will now be described with reference to FIG. 9, which constitutes the extension to the right of FIG. 7.



   In this figure, we see in section the return device connected to the beam 43, that of the beam 4 !, being shown in elevation.



  Each return device essentially comprises a cylinder 56 in which another cylinder 57 slides. This last cylinder est.relié,
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 on the one hand, à.son inner end 57a, the frame 45g and, on the other hand at. a tension spring 58 itself hooked at 58a to the outer end of cylinder 56.
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 The energy required to move the healds outwardly of the loom relative to the shaft 67 is therefore supplied by the springs 58, the cams 39 and 40 providing movement towards this shaft.



   The operation of the system, which will be better understood by referring to
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 bearing in FIG. 8, is as follows. We see in FIG. 8 the shape of the cam 40 which corresponds to the upper stage of slides 42. Each shuttle being wedged facing a hollow 40c of the cam 40 ( or a. hollow
 EMI7.6
 of the cam 39 which is identical to it), the wires move towards the exterior as each shuttle passes. But since all the cams are set identically, the system as described above would produce the displacement towards the outside of all the threads at the same time, which would make any weaving impossible.



   To obtain the displacement of only certain groups of wires, it is necessary to lock the return system so as to
 EMI7.7
 to milk the action of the spring 58. In this abutment the cylinder 57 is locked in its most interior position, that is to say the position shown in FIG. 9. In the construction shown, the system is normally locked, and only the slides corresponding to the yarns involved in the pick are unlocked, according to the law indicated above.



   Locking can be achieved (Figure 9) by a finger 59 engages
 EMI7.8
 geant in a hole 59a of the cylinder 57 under Inaction of a spring 59bo The finger 59 can be withdrawn from the hole 59 & under J, 9action: - of a solenoid 65, of which it constitutes the core and which is fed by wires 1630 On ob-

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 holds the lifting of a group of threads (every other thread) by energizing the ninety solenoids 65 which actuate the corresponding fingers 59. The control system consists (figure 11) of an endless ribbon 60, perforated, composed of three parallel strips M, M1, M2 (one per shuttle). Each perforation 61 corresponds to the lifting of a group of threads; and there are two sets of perforations 61 per strip.

   The tape 60 is wound on two drums 62 and 63 wedged on shafts 62a, 63a, and driven by a transmission not shown from the shaft 670. One of the drums 62 is made of metal. Brooms in. number equal to the product of the number of shuttles times the number of groups of wires (i.e. here 3 x 2 = 6) and arranged in pairs, each of which comprises a broom 64a and a broom 64b (one per floor sliders), rub on the tape 60; each brush 64a-corresponds to a shuttle and to the upper stage of slides 42;

   each brush 64b corresponds to the same shuttle and to the lower stage of slides 42a; at. each perforation 61, the brushes come into contact with the conductive drum 62 and cause the sixty corresponding electromagnets 65 to be put into circuit (FIGS. 9, 11 and 12), at a rate of one in three per stage. Only one in three of the electromagnets 65 is switched on by each group of two brushes 64a or 64b, since there are three shuttles.



   The perforations 61 are arranged so that a brush 64a and two brushes 64b (in the example chosen) are simultaneously in contact with the roller 62. This means that if the brush connected to an electromagnet 65a of the upper stage establishes contact at a given moment, the brushes corresponding to two electromagnets 65b of the lower stage will establish it at the same time But the electromagnets 65 are not really excited until the passage of each bumps of cams 39 and 40 on the corresponding rollers 41 (Figure 7), by means of a rotary distributor 66 which, in the example shown., has ninety pads and - three brushes (corresponding to the three shuttles and on both floors).

   It can be seen in Figure 11, in which, for the sake of clarity, each group of thirty electromagnets has been schematically represented by a circle, that the groups of electromagnets 65a and 65b of each stage are connected in such a way that each brush of the rotating contact 66 closes a circuit of each stage when it touches the corresponding common pad 65co Of course, there are in reality ninety pads 65c, one per pair of electromagnets. In Figure-12, there is schematically represented by a single circular arc 65a each group of thirty electromagnets (since each stage includes ninety electromagnets and there are three shuttles), as well as one slide 42 out of three.

     This figure also shows the three shuttles 72 rolling on the comb 108, the web of chain wires 26, and the upper cam 40. Finally, the connection between each group of thirty electromagnets 65a and the corresponding brushes 64a. It follows from the above that the contact of each blade 64 with a perforation 6L causes the opening (or. The closing) of the shed. As the three shuttles are set at 120, the crowd must open, by symmetry, to only 60. The opening of each of the three crowds therefore begins 30 before the passage of each shuttle, the total closing taking place 30 behind this same shuttle.



   Naturally, the perforated tape 60 and the switch 66 rotate in synchronism with the shaft 67 by virtue of a connection not shown, and the tape 60 is stopped while the bobbin change lasts, in order to find the same duitage. use for blocking the slides a mechanism (FIG. 10) comprising two balls 124 which, under the action of a cone 125 which separates them, engage in a circular groove 126 of the inner cylinder 57; the cone 125, normally pushed by a spring 127 and a sleeve 127a, can be released by a solenoid 128 mounted at the end of each cylinder 156, the core 128a of which is connected by a pin 128b with the sleeve 127a, and which is powered by 163 wires.

   The control of the electromagnets 128 is done in this case in a manner similar to that of the electromagnets 650

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The picking becomes identical again for each shuttle when a number N of thirds of a turn has been made equal to the smallest common multiple of the number of shuttles and of the number of picks constituting the weave ratio. The length of the tape 60 must therefore allow, at a minimum, the pointing of these N thirds of a turn. By way of example, in the case where three shuttles are used with an armor ratio equal to 2, the least common multiple N equals 3 x 2 = 60 It is therefore necessary at least six perforations in the direction the length of the tape 60.



   This being the case, we will now indicate the way in which the delivery of the weft thread is carried out.



   The bobbin is removably mounted in a shuttle 72 which rolls on the comb 108 and is guided by a side plate 108a on which rollers 108b roll. The shuttle 72 has a threaded tip 71 for guiding the weft thread. It can be seen from FIG. 13 that the weft thread 69 wound on the bobbin 68 first passes through a central tube 70 and then comes out towards the fixing ring 68d, as shown in FIG. 14; it then passes through the tail of the shuttle 68b and is deposited at the bottom of the shed by the tapered point 71.



   In FIG. 15, we see schematically, on a very enlarged scale, how the weft thread 69 is deposited by the shuttle 72 in the shed opened by the arrangement of a warp thread on two on either side of the comb 108, following -the opening mechanism described previously o It is necessary to pass the wire 69-through the central tube 70 (figure 14) using the body itself as a guide and as a return towards the guide tail bobbin case in fact, changing the bobbin would have been made very difficult if the return had been formed by a member permanently fixed to the shuttle.



   When the pick is deposited, the shed is closed after the passage of the shuttle, and the threads are all arranged along the inner edge 108a of the comb 108 (right of FIG. 15). The tail 71 of the shuttle which serves as a guide for the wire 69 must therefore be offset on this side.



  It will be noted that the pick is deposited when the warp threads are normally stretched, so that the risks of the thread breaking are relatively low. On the left part of figure 15, we see the shed open before the passage of the shuttle, and on the right part we see the shed closed after the passage of the body 72 of the shuttle and during the passage of its tail 71.



   The device for driving the shuttles is shown schematically in FIG. 16. It must allow both a free passage between the warp wire and the motor member, while ensuring a sufficiently efficient drive lest it not. There is no risk of the shuttle stalling, and that also when the required effort is maximum, that is to say when starting or braking the job.



   According to the invention, the problem is solved in the following way., On the central shaft 67 of the loom are arranged arms 73 in a number equal to that of the shuttles? 2 and regularly spaced (three in 1- ' example shown). Each of these arms carries at its end, facing the shuttle in question, two magnetic coils 74 and 75.



   Opposite these coils, the shuttle comprises reinforcements 76 and 77, some 77 of which are conductive but not magnetic (for example solid aluminum), while the others. 9 76 are magnetic and non-conductive (for example laminated iron).



   The coils 74 and 75 are traversed by electric pulses of very short duration, at high voltage and at high intensity, from a generator 81 which sends the pulses to a fixed brush 78 against which a rotating ring 79 rubs. which are connected the circuits 80 supplying the coils 74 and 75. The second pole of the generator

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 tor 81 is likewise connected to a second rotating ring 79ao. The generator is of a known type used in particular in radar installations.



  Its operation consists in charging a capacitor under a voltage of the order of 2000 volts and in discharging it in a solenoid. The pulses result in a purely magnetic attraction on the magnetic armature 76 and repulsion on the non-magnetic armature 77 by induction of eddy currents.
Each shuttle 72 is therefore both attracted and repelled.



  By properly arranging the coils and the armatures as indicated below, the shuttle is not subjected to any radial force but only to the tangential resultant of the attraction and repulsion forces, and it moves on its path. bearing, in general constituted by the comb 108.



   On the other hand, the system producing two directly opposite tangential resultants, the shuttle is in some way elastically linked to the end of the corresponding arm.



   Figures 16a and 16b show how the magnetic device works:
In the rest position (figure 16a), the magnetic centers 75a and 75b of the magnetic coils 75 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the magnetic centers 77a and 77b of the non-magnetic masses 77 and 76a of the magnetic mass 76. The acting forces are R1 and R2 repulsion forces, which break down into r1 and r2, radial forces and v1 and v2 tangential forces; A1 and A2 forces of attraction decomposing in the same way in a1 and a2 and b1 and b2.



   At this moment, if we denote by the sums of the forces, we have:
 EMI10.1
 
By a suitable choice of the respective positions of the magnetic centers, it is also possible to obtain:
 EMI10.2
 
In the operating position (figure 16b), the magnetic coils are offset, with respect to the driven system in the direction of movement, since, by inertia, the shuttle tends to lag behind the rotating arm which moves in the direction of the arrow F.



   The ratio between the distances of the magnetic centers gives:
 EMI10.3
 while maintaining
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Of course, we arrange so that the direction of the resulting force W is the same as that of the displacement of the arm 73, that is to say of

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 the arrow F (figure 16b).



   As a result, the shuttle 72 is driven in the same direction as the arm 73.



   When the supply of thread contained in a bobbin is exhausted, it is necessary to reload the shuttle. In the aforementioned patent of the, we-9- describes the principle of an apparatus for the automatic replacement of an empty can by a full can by means of a barrel arranged in a cut of the comb. We will now describe an embodiment of a device of this type slightly modified.



   The bobbin change takes place in four stages - loading the bobbin 68, starting from a barrel 82 located above the comb 108, on a bobbin holder arm 96; - movement of the bobbin holder arm to deposit the latter on the shuttle 72; - taken when the shuttle passes the full can 68 and abandonment of the empty can 68a;

   - evacuation of the video can
 EMI11.1
 We see in Figures 17 to 22, 24 and 30, a barrel 82 containing twelve cans 68 (fig 24 and 30) rotating around a shaft 82a and integral with a ratchet 82b (Figure 18). rotates a twelfth of a turn under the action of a pawl 83 engaged with the ratchet '82b- and pivoted
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 at 83b to a plate 832 having a toothed sector 83do The latter engages with a sector 83a pivoted at 83e to the frame 186 of the machine., subjected to the action of a cam 84a and that of a return spring 84b also anchored to the frame 1860 The shaft 84 is driven by a special motor 170 (figures 19 and 30).

   During the rotation of the barrel 82, two fixed jaws 85 85a constantly rubbing on a disc 86 integral with the barrel cut the thread 69 of the bobbin (figures 17., 19 and 21) The pressure of the jaws against the two faces of the disc 86 is given by a spring 166 (FIG. 21).



   A hammer 87 (Figures 17, 19 and 20) then comes into action to-drive the can 68 and place it on a cart. This hammer has a jaw 87a of a shape adapted to that of the bobbin 68 (FIG. 20), and it pivots about an axis 87b under the action of a cam 187
 EMI11.3
 wedged on shaft 84 (fig. 17 and 20).

   The carriage which receives the can 68 is constituted by a hollow piston 89 (Figures 19 and 19a) which carries a gutter 167 in which the can falls; piston 89 slides on a rod 188 under Inaction of a hydraulic control carried out by sending from a distributor 88, a pressurized fluid in
 EMI11.4
 1-'one or the other of two pipes 88a, 88b, the arrival of the fluid to the distributor and the departure of this distributor taking place through pipes 88e9 88duo The movement of the piston 89 has the effect of threading the net 68 by its central tube 70 on the rod 90 of a magazine mounted on a body 96 which will be described later (FIG. 19a).

   At the same time, the empty can 68a left in passing by the previous shuttle on the second
 EMI11.5
 This tip 9Ôa of the loader is pushed by a pusher 89a integral with a second carriage 189 which slides on a rod 190 under the action of a hydraulic control 191, 191a also connected to the distributor 88 and
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 operating in synchronism with the control 88a, 88bo The empty bobbin then falls on an inclined plane 133 which evacuates it. The rod 90a is flexibly mounted on a spring 90b (figure 19).



   At the end of the movement of the piston 89, a hook 91
 EMI11.7
 (figo 199 22 and 24), rotating around an axis 91a and held in the upper position by a torsion spring 92 (figo 22 and 24), is lowered under the action of a cable 93 (fig. 19 and 22) controlled by a lever 94 actuated itself
 EMI11.8
 even by a cam 95 wedged on the shaft 84 (fig. 19 and 22).

   The weft thread 69, the end of which comes out of the full bobbin through its tube

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 central 70 and is fixed at a point of the barrel 82, is taken according to the principle of the knitting hook and is brought upwards, which presents vertically the thread leaving the bobbin on the path of the shuttle and allows the tail 71 of it will take it in passing. -
On the other hand .. the body 96 slides on two cylindrical guides 97 under the action of an invisible piston moving in the pneumatic cylinder 98 (FIG. 19) and to which the pressurized fluid is fed by one or the other. another of the pipes 98a, 98b, from a distributor 99 itself supplied with compressed air through a pipe 99a, the fluid escaping at 99b.

   The admission of compressed air on either side of the movable piston into cylinder 98, controlled by distributor 99, is controlled from the shuttle when a can is emptied by a. system described in the aforementioned patent or in its addition.



  There is synchronism between the control of the body 96 and that of the barrel 82: when the barrel rotates and the hammer 87 deposits a can 68 on the gutter 167 of the carriage 89, the body 96 is in its position furthest from the center of the trade, and the shuttle path is free. When the movement of the carriage 89 has threaded the bobbin 68 onto the charger 90 carried by the body 96, the latter is pushed towards the interior of the loom so as to present the bobbin 68 on the path of the shuttle 72. No - t will be that the exhaustion of only one of the cans leads to the simultaneous change of all the cans, because this method is the most economical.



  In fact, in order to increase the operating speed and therefore the output of the loom, interruptions in the weaving must be avoided as much as possible; despite the rapidity with which the automatic bobbin change is carried out, this repeated operation is very many times would decrease the performance of the loom.



   The control of the amount of weft thread remaining on a bobbin is ensured by a safety device which does not form part of the invention but is preferably of a type described in the aforementioned patent or in the addition to this patent mentioned above.



   When the body 96 is in its extreme forward position (FIG. 19), a full bobbin is in the passage of each shuttle 72. The thread 69 being presented vertically, the empty bobbin 68a fits over the guide 90a. and gives it a shock which: is transmitted to the full cane; the latter therefore recovers a significant part of the energy supplied by the sudden stopping of the empty can; this energy helps to start the full bobbin and makes it easier to take charge of the boat where it is fixed in a semi-rigid manner by a clamp 100 (figures 13 and 19).



   The thread 69 is picked up and guided by the shuttle tail 71. The loading body 96 then moves back with the empty bobbin 68a, and the cycle begins again.



   The change of the bobbins takes place on one revolution of the main shaft 67; during this period, the advance of the fabric is stopped by activating a claw clutch 101 (figures 23, 30, 32 and 33) acting on the fabric feed rollers and controlled by an electro - magnet 102 (figure 23). The exact location and role of the clutch 101 will be described below. The electromagnet, the outer casing of which can be seen at 102, is energized intermittently, at the desired moment, by a rotating contact described in the addition to the patent filed on the same day as the present application. The armature 102a of this electromagnet is then attracted in the direction of arrow 102bo. The armature is attached at 171 to a lever 172 subjected to the action of a return spring 172a.

   The lever 172., by pivoting around its fixed point 173, drives the movable part 101b of the clutch via a fork not visible in FIG. 23 and releases it from the part 101a which is fixed. Each shuttle re-enters the crowd where it left it, so that no anomalies occur in the duitage.

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 As a result of the above, the fabric is in the form of a cylinder 192 (Figure 26), the diameter of which is equal to the average diameter of the comb.



  This shape is ensured by the fact that each pick is deposited between two concentric toruses 103a, 103b (Figures 24 to 28) The outer torus 103b is fixed by brackets 183aux columns 182 which. support the upper frame of the loom, and the inner torus 103a is attached to a frame 184 supported by the shaft 67 via ball bearings 185.



   The pick-packing device is shown in more detail in Figures 26 to 290.
It is a question, after the passage of the shuttle, to compact the weft thread at the bottom of the shed. The role of this device is therefore the same as that of the beating comb of the rectilinear loom.



   It comes in the form of a multiple comb composed of independent elements 180 and having extensions 180a directed downwards (figures 26 and 28) on which the weft thread 69 is deposited (figure 28). fixed to the inner torus 103a in the slots 174 of a ring 175;

   they are articulated around an axis 176 and constantly returned to the position shown in solid lines in Figure 28 by springs 1770 It is in this position that they receive the weft thread deposited by the tail 71 of the shuttle The raising of the weft thread is carried out as follows. on- 1: the central shaft 67 are wedged six arms (figure 27) of which three, 73, already mentioned, carry the magnetic coils 74, 75 and three others, 178, carry wheels 179 which roll on the path formed by 1-all the extensions 180a of the oscillating elements 180.

   These wheels are at a distance from the axis 67 such that they push these parts despite the action of the springs 177, making them oscillate around the axis 1760 In this movement, they lift the weft thread 69 and bring it to the bottom of the shed opening when they are in the position shown in dotted lines in figure 28.



     Naturally, the arms carrying the wheels 179 are set angularly with respect to the cams 39, 40, so that the lifting of the weft thread is caused when the warp threads are crossed.



   It should be noted that the 180 pieces never leave the warp threads. This maintains a correct distribution of the threads between the teeth 180b formed by said pieces.



   It is also possible to group several teeth on the same element, thus constituting a kind of fork, this being advantageous in the case of a relatively large number of warp threads.



   To transform the fabric cylinder 192 into a flat sheet without the warp threads following different paths, which would produce deformations, an intermediate left surface is used by passing this fabric cylinder at the level of the toroids 103a, 103b, on a bar 104 (Figures 24, 25 and 30 to 32), of geometric profile similar to that of the wire-holder bar 34 of the. Figure 5 which transforms the flat web of warp son wound on their beam. into a fragment of cylindrical surface.



   In Figures 24 and 30 to 34, we see that the finished fabric 192, shown in phantom, passes out of the bar 104, and before being cut between two upper 105 and lower 106 rolls (Figures 25 and 30 to 34) Roller 105 has bearings 105a movable in. slides 105b (Figures 32 and 34), which makes it possible to adjust the spacing of the rollers 105 and 1069, the roller 106 having fixed bearings 106a.

   The movement of the bearings 105a is ensured by an oil pressure arriving at 107 at each end of the group of rollers and acting against the action of two opposing springs 107a (figure 34).
The rotational speed of rollers 105 and 106 controlling

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 the advance of the fabric and, consequently, the weft count, is controlled by means of a variable speed drive 110 with positive control (figures 24, 30, 32 and 35), taking its movement on the main shaft 67 of the loom by the intermediary of two conical pairs 111, 111 ', of a vertical shaft 111c and of two horizontal shafts llla and lllbo The pairs 111, 111' connect the shafts 111a, 11112 in pairs.

   and 111c, and a third bevel pair 67a connects the shaft IIIa and the shaft 67 (Figures 30, 32, 33 and 35). A worm gearbox 112 (Figures 23 and 30-33) and a gear system shown at 132 (Figures 30-32) transmit motion to rollers 105 and 106 (Figure 32).

   Between the speed variator 110 and the reducer 112 is arranged the claw clutch 101 of which we have already spoken (figures 23, 30, 32 and 33), so that when this clutch is disengaged the movement of the rollers 105 and -106 and, consequently, the advance of the canvas, are stopped
At the exit of the rollers 105 and 106, the fabric passes over a roll 142 and is wound, in double thickness, on a beam 114 (figures 30 to 32a) o This beam rotates under the action of a transmission by chain or belt 115 controlled from the roller 105.

   Pin 116 (Figures 32 and 32a) is fixed by a pin 116b to the plate of a clutch 116a, while the beam 114 is mounted loose on the shaft of a plate 130a; the latter is driven by friction through the intermediary of the shaft 198 from the fixed plate 199 of the clutch. The drive of the plate 199 by the plate 116a is achieved by a friction disc 200. The pressure on this disc is ensured by a spring 201 which bears on a locknut 202. The shaft 198 is journalled in a bearing 203 fixed on a spar 204 of the frame, which also supports the various rollers 105, 106 and 142 (figures 24,30 and-32 to 34). It is therefore possible to gradually slow down the beam as the fabric is rolled up, while keeping the latter taut.



   The beam 114 is fixed between two plates 130 and 130a, one of which, 130a, is fixed and of which the other, 130, carries a groove 123 in the lacquer-1- is engaged a fork 123a of a lever 195 articulated in 196 and subjected to the action of a spring 1970 A rod 131 operated by hand is supported at 13 la on the lever 195 and allows the movable plate 130 to be moved away from the beam 114 or bring it closer (figures 30 and 32). The beam change can therefore take place without it being necessary to stop the craft.
Before passing over the drum 142 and winding up on the flexible 114, the fabric passes over a table Il'7 where it can be cut (Figures 25 and 36).
The cutting device (figures 36 and 37)

   consists essentially of a carriage 118 capable of moving transversely to the fabric on two rails 119. The carriage is guided by rollers 119a carried by an axle 119b. It carries an electric motor 120 fixed to a base 120a connected to the carriage 118 by bolts 120b; on the axis of this engine are wedged., on either side of the engine, a circular knife 121 and a friction pulley 122 which ensures the path of the carriage 118 on the rails 119 by its contact with a wheel 122a wedged. on axle 119b. At each end of travel, a switch 129 pushed by the carriage 118 ensures the reverse of the motor 120 for the next cutting operation.