BE677665A

BE677665A -

Info

Publication number: BE677665A
Authority: BE

Description

       

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  Brûleur à huile. 



   La présente invention concerne des perfectionnements nouveaux et utiles apportés à des brûleurs à huile et plus particulièrement à un brûleur à flamme contenue. 



   Avec des brûleurs classiques, une chambre de combustion est nécessaire pour as urer la combustion de l'huile qui échappe éventuellement au courant   d'air   comburant qui a une configuration déterminée. Dans des brûleurs à flamme contenue convenablement construits, toute l'huile pulvérisée doit être contenue à   l'inté-   rieur de la configuration du courant d'air, ce qui permet d'éliminer la chambre de combustion. Pour des chaudières à fond   .'humide,     l'élimination   de l'effet isolant de la cham- 

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 bre de combustion peut augmenter le rendement de la chaudière   d'en-*'   viron 20%.

   De plus, une combustion   à.   flamme contenue améliore forte. ment la stabilité de la flamme et élimine ainsi les difficultés de pulsation que l'on rencontre habituellement avec des brûleurs connus. Cela étant, les brûleurs à flamme contenue sont propres à augmenter le rendement de la chaudière, améliorer la stabilité de la flamme et éliminer la chambre de combustion. 



   Un chauffage à flamme contenue s'obtient en accélérant le mélange de l'huile pulvérisée et de l'air comburant de manière à obtenir un rapport air-combustible approprié pourracombustion à L'extrémité du tube d'amenée d'air. Suivant l'invention, on effectue ce mélange rapide en augmentant la turbulence de l'air au moyen d'une rosace de tournoiement attachée à la tête du   brû-   leur. On utilme également avec le brûleur une buse qui aide à établir l'origine de la flamme sur la face de la rosace de tournoiement. La buse crée une zone de dépression avec des courants tourbillonnants à la pointe des ailettes de la rosace de tournoiement. Cette action aide à son   tou'   à établir l'origine de la flamme et améliore sa stabilité. 



   Suivant l'invention aussi, on utilise un passage annulaire pour amener de l'air à la périphérie de la flamme afin d'assurer que l'huile pulvérisée soit contenue à l'intérieur de la configuration d'écoulement de l'air. La rosace de tournoiement et le passage annulaire sont fabriqués d'une pièce pour assurer la concentricité du passage annulaire tandis que la buse coopérante sert à centrer convenablement.la rosace de tournoiement par rapport au tube d'amenée d'air. Cette meilleure concentricité donne une flamme plus symétrique et produisant moins de fumée. 



   Cela étant, l'invention a pour but de procurer un brûleur à huile de rendement accru et de stabilité de flamme améliorée. 



   L'invention a également pour but de procurer un brûleur qui permette d'éliminer la chambre de combustion habituelle, ce qui améliore la transmission de la chaleur. 

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   L'invention a encore pour but de procurer un dispositif pour assurer la concentricité de la rosace de tournoiement d'air dans le tube d'amenée d'air du brûleur. 



   Ces buts et avantages de l'invention ainsi que d'autres encore ressortiront clairement de la description détaillée d'une forme d'exécution préférée donnée ci-après avec référence au dessin annexé, dans lequel: la Fig. 1 est une coupe verticale longitudinale de la partie tube d'amenée d'air d'un brûleur à huile du type à pression; et, la Fig. 2 est une vue de l'extrémité de débit du brûleur.,
Dans le dessin, le chiffre 1 désigne un tube d'amenée d'air qui est constitué par une enveloppe métallique cylindrique qui   part, à   son extrémité d'entrée 2,d'une soufflerie d'air qui n'est pas représentée mais qui est bien connue. L'extrémité avant du tube 1 se termine dans une buse 3 qui s'ajuste sur l'extrémité du tube d'air 1 et qui y est fixée par les organes de fixation 3a. 



   La partie d'extrémité de débit 4 de la buse 3a, de moindre diamètre que le tube d'air 1, forme une paroi cylindrique qui s'étend vers l'avant et un épaulement annulaire 5. 



   Le tuyau d'amenée d'huile 6 est monté dans le tube d'air 1 et part de la pompe à combustible habituelle, non représentée, et se termine à son extrémité avant ou extrémité de débit par un gicleur   7.   Le tuyau 6 est supporté entre ses extrémités par une plaque 8 percée d'une ouverture qu'il traverse. Deux électrodes d'allumage 9   et.   10 traversent également la plaque 8 et se   terminent   juste en avant du gicleur 7 et au-dessus de ce dernier. 



   La plaque 8 supporte une rosace de tournoiement d'air 11 comportant un rebord périphérique circonférentiel incliné vers l'extérieur et vers l'arrière 12. La plaque 8 et la rosace 11 sont' ' espacées l'une de l'autre par des entretoises tubulaires 13 et 

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 sont assemblées par des boulons 14 qui traversent la plaque et la rosace et qui passent .dans les entretoises tubulaires. 



  L'épaulement 5 de la buse reçoit le rebord 12 qui est en contact avec lui et centre donc dans le tube d'amenée d'air 4 la rosace 11 et la tête du brûleur qu'elle supporte. Un pied 15 repose dans le bas de la surface intérieure du tube d'amenée   dair   1 et supporte la plaque 8. 



   La rosace de tournoiement 11 comporte une couronne d'ou- vertures 16 débitant en un courant cylindrique creux l'air du tube 1. Les ouvertures allongées courbes 16 sont espacées concenti- quement vers l'intérieur par rapport au rebord 12 et à la paroi 4. 



  Chaque ouverture 16 est sous-tendue par une ailette 17 formée par des parties estampées ce la mesce 11. Chaque ailette est bornée par une fente radiale 18 et par des fentes d'extrémité qui forment les ouvertures 16. 



   Une ouverture 19 dans la rosace 11 entoure le gicleur 7 qui se termine tout près de celle-ci, par exemple à 6,35 mm du plan de la rosace 11. Les ailettes 17 impriment donc un mouvement de tournoiement à l'air qui sort du tube d'air 1 et l'huile pulvé- risée est donc entourée par un courant d'air primaire dans lequel les gouttelettes d'huile sont débitées et s'y mélangent pour être allumées par les électrodes 9 et 10. Le mélange combustible allumé brûle près de la face avant ou face de débit de la rosace   11.   



   L'air qui passe par les ouvertures 16 forme un   cylindre   d'air de sorte qu'il y a de l'air à la périphérie de la flamme pour assurer que l'huile pulvérisée soit contenue dans la configuration cylindrique du courant d'air. Quoique les ouver- ! tures 16 ne forment pas une couronne complète et ininterrompue,      les ailettes 17 adjacentes impriment à l'air un mouvement de tournoiement qui entraîne l'air sortant des ouvertures 16 en rotation pour former une gaine d'air cylindrique complète autour 

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 de la flamme. 



   Avec la construction décrite, la force et la grandeur de la gaine d'air cylindrique sont égales sur toute sa circonférence parce que la rosace et les ouvertures 16 sont d'une pièce. Ainsi, même si le brûleur est légèrement décentré dans le tube d'air 1, les ouvertures 16 débitent,encore une gaine d'air cylindrique uniforme pour contenir la pulvérisation d'huile. Cette particula- rité diffère d'une construction plus classique dans laquelle une rosace qui nu comporte pas couvertures 16 et qui, en se décentrant dans le tube d'amenée   d'?ir   et formant ainsi un intervalle péri- phérique inégal entre elle et le tube d'air, produit une confi- guration non   uniforrae   du courant d'air. 



   Dans la présente invention, le rebord périphérique 12 de la rosace de tournoiement coopère avec   l'épaulement   5 de la buse pour maintenir la rosace centrée dans le tube d'air. 



   On comprendra que l'air est soumis à une composante radiale dirigée vers l'extérieur aux extrémités des ailettes de la rosace. Ce courant d'air dirigé vers l'extérieur frappe la buse   4   et est renvoyé vers l'axe de la buse. Lorsque cet air frappe la buse, il commence à recirculer en formant des courants tourbillonnants qui créentune dépression tendant      à aspirer des gouttelettes d'huile radialement vers l'extérieur du gicleur 7.

   La dépression résultant de ces courants tourbil- lonnants entraîne donc les gouttelettes d'huile dans une zone turbulente située devant la rosace 11 de sorte que l'air, se mélange intimement à l'huile ce qui produit une combustion sur      la totalité de la face de la rosace. ! 
Il ressort de la description qui précède que les ouver- tures 16 forment une gaine d'air cylindrique dans laquelle   la'   ' pulvérisation d'huile est contenue et que cette gaine d'air cylin-      drique est uniforme sur toute sa circonférence car les ouvertures 16 sont ménagées dans la rosace. Le rebord périphérique 12 de la 

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 rosace coopère avec l'épaulement 5 de la buse pour assurer la concentricité de la rosace par rapport à la buse.

   De plus, la buse sert à créer près de sa périphérie intérieur une dépression qui tend à extraire des gouttelettes d'huile de la pulvérisation afin d'établir l'origine de la flamme sur la face de la rosace. 



   Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux détails d'exécution décrits auxquels des changements et des modifications peuvent être apportés sans sortir de son cadre.



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  Oil burner.



   The present invention relates to new and useful improvements made to oil burners and more particularly to a burner with a contained flame.



   With conventional burners, a combustion chamber is necessary to ensure the combustion of the oil which optionally escapes the combustion air stream which has a determined configuration. In properly constructed contained flame burners, all sprayed oil should be contained within the air stream pattern, thereby eliminating the combustion chamber. For wet-bottom boilers, the elimination of the insulating effect of the

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 The amount of combustion can increase the efficiency of the boiler by about 20%.

   In addition, a combustion at. contained flame enhances sharp. flame stability and thus eliminates the pulsation difficulties which are usually encountered with known burners. This being so, contained flame burners are suitable for increasing the efficiency of the boiler, improving the stability of the flame and eliminating the combustion chamber.



   Contained flame heating is obtained by accelerating the mixing of the atomized oil and the combustion air so as to obtain an appropriate air-fuel ratio for re-combustion at the end of the air supply tube. According to the invention, this rapid mixing is effected by increasing the turbulence of the air by means of a swirl rosette attached to the burner head. A nozzle is also used with the burner to help establish the origin of the flame on the face of the swirl rosette. The nozzle creates an area of depression with swirling currents at the tip of the spinner rosette fins. This action helps to establish the origin of the flame and improves its stability.



   Also according to the invention, an annular passage is used to supply air to the periphery of the flame to ensure that the atomized oil is contained within the air flow pattern. The swirl rosette and annular passage are made in one piece to ensure concentricity of the annular passage while the cooperating nozzle serves to properly center the swirl rosette with respect to the air supply tube. This better concentricity gives a more symmetrical flame and produces less smoke.



   However, the object of the invention is to provide an oil burner of increased efficiency and improved flame stability.



   Another object of the invention is to provide a burner which makes it possible to eliminate the usual combustion chamber, which improves the transmission of heat.

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   Another object of the invention is to provide a device for ensuring the concentricity of the air swirl rosette in the burner air supply tube.



   These objects and advantages of the invention as well as others will emerge clearly from the detailed description of a preferred embodiment given below with reference to the appended drawing, in which: FIG. 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of the air supply tube part of a pressure type oil burner; and, FIG. 2 is a view of the flow end of the burner.,
In the drawing, the number 1 designates an air supply tube which consists of a cylindrical metal casing which leaves, at its inlet end 2, from an air blower which is not shown but which is well known. The front end of the tube 1 terminates in a nozzle 3 which fits over the end of the air tube 1 and is fixed there by the fasteners 3a.



   The flow end part 4 of the nozzle 3a, of smaller diameter than the air tube 1, forms a cylindrical wall which extends forwards and an annular shoulder 5.



   The oil supply pipe 6 is mounted in the air tube 1 and starts from the usual fuel pump, not shown, and ends at its front end or flow end with a nozzle 7. The pipe 6 is supported between its ends by a plate 8 pierced with an opening which it passes through. Two ignition electrodes 9 and. 10 also pass through the plate 8 and terminate just in front of the nozzle 7 and above the latter.



   The plate 8 supports an air swirl rosette 11 having a circumferential peripheral rim inclined outwards and backwards 12. The plate 8 and the rosette 11 are spaced apart from each other by spacers. tubular 13 and

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 are assembled by bolts 14 which pass through the plate and the rosette and which pass in the tubular spacers.



  The shoulder 5 of the nozzle receives the flange 12 which is in contact with it and therefore centers in the air supply tube 4 the rosette 11 and the burner head that it supports. A foot 15 rests at the bottom of the inner surface of the air supply tube 1 and supports the plate 8.



   The swirling rose 11 has a crown of openings 16 delivering a hollow cylindrical stream of air from tube 1. The elongated curved openings 16 are spaced concen- trally inwardly with respect to rim 12 and the wall. 4.



  Each opening 16 is subtended by a fin 17 formed by parts stamped as the mass 11. Each fin is bounded by a radial slot 18 and by end slots which form the openings 16.



   An opening 19 in the rosette 11 surrounds the nozzle 7 which ends very close to the latter, for example at 6.35 mm from the plane of the rosette 11. The fins 17 therefore impart a swirling movement to the air coming out. of the air tube 1 and the pulverized oil is therefore surrounded by a current of primary air in which the oil droplets are discharged and mix therein to be ignited by the electrodes 9 and 10. The combustible mixture lit burns near the front face or flow face of the rosette 11.



   The air passing through the openings 16 forms an air cylinder so that there is air at the periphery of the flame to ensure that the sprayed oil is contained in the cylindrical configuration of the air stream. . Although open them! tures 16 do not form a complete and uninterrupted crown, the adjacent fins 17 impart to the air a whirling motion which drives the air exiting the apertures 16 in rotation to form a complete cylindrical air duct around

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 of the flame.



   With the construction described, the strength and size of the cylindrical air duct is equal over its entire circumference because the rosette and the openings 16 are one piece. Thus, even if the burner is slightly off-center in the air tube 1, the openings 16 still deliver a uniform cylindrical air duct to contain the oil spray. This peculiarity differs from a more conventional construction in which a rosette which has no covers 16 and which, by being decentred in the air supply tube and thus forming an unequal peripheral gap between it and the air tube, produces a non-uniform air flow pattern.



   In the present invention, the peripheral rim 12 of the swirl rosette cooperates with the shoulder 5 of the nozzle to keep the rosette centered in the air tube.



   It will be understood that the air is subjected to a radial component directed outwards at the ends of the fins of the rosette. This outwardly directed air stream hits the nozzle 4 and is returned to the axis of the nozzle. When this air hits the nozzle, it begins to recirculate, forming swirling currents which create a depression tending to suck oil droplets radially outward from the nozzle 7.

   The depression resulting from these swirling currents therefore entrains the oil droplets in a turbulent zone located in front of the rosette 11 so that the air mixes intimately with the oil which produces combustion over the entire face. of the rose window. !
It will be seen from the foregoing description that the openings 16 form a cylindrical air duct in which the oil spray is contained and that this cylindrical air duct is uniform over its entire circumference because the openings 16 are provided in the rose window. The peripheral edge 12 of the

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 rosette cooperates with the shoulder 5 of the nozzle to ensure the concentricity of the rosette with respect to the nozzle.

   In addition, the nozzle serves to create near its inner periphery a depression which tends to extract oil droplets from the spray in order to establish the origin of the flame on the face of the rosette.



   Of course, the invention is not limited to the details of execution described to which changes and modifications can be made without departing from its scope.

Claims

CLAIMS 1.- Oil burner with contained flame, characterized in that it comprises an air supply tube, a nozzle on the end of the tube comprising a part of smaller diameter to form an annular shoulder, a swirling rosette comprising a flared peripheral part fitted against the shoulder, the rosette comprising a substantially central opening and radial openings around the central opening, fins which cooperate with the radial openings to swirl the air discharged by these openings, the rosette comprising a ring of openings forming a substantially cylindrical air flow slot surrounding the radial openings which open out at their outer ends into the openings of the crown.

2. - Oil burner characterized in that it comprises a substantially cylindrical air supply tube, a nozzle on the end of the air tube having an internal diameter smaller than that of the tube to form a shoulder annular, a swirling rosette comprising a flared peripheral rim which bears against the shoulder so as to center the rosette in the nozzle, the rosette comprising a substantially central opening and radial openings placed around the trough opening, fins cooperating with radial openings to swirl the air delivered by the rosette,

the swirling rosette comprising a ring of openings forming a substantially cylindrical air flow slot around the radial openings which open at their outer ends into the openings of the crown, the ring of openings serving to form a cylindrical air sheath around the swirling air delivered by the fins.

3. - Oil burner with contained flame, characterized in that it comprises an air supply tube, on the end of the air tube a nozzle 'of smaller diameter to form an annular shoulder. <Desc / Clms Page number 8> laire, a swirling rosette comprising a flared peripheral rim which bears against the shoulder, the revolving rosette.

flooding comprising a substantially central opening and radial openings which surround the central opening, fins cooperating with the radial openings to swirl the supplied air, the rosette comprising a series of openings forming an air flow slot in cylindrical substance surrounding the radial openings which open out at their outer ends into the openings of the crown, the nozzle comprising a cylindrical wall which extends in front of the rosette, this wall forming a surface serving to deflect the air which leaves radially the fins.

4.- Oil burner with contained flame, characterized in that it comprises an air supply tube, a fuel nozzle in the tube, on the end of the tube a nozzle of smaller diameter to form an annular shoulder , a swirl rosette comprising a flared peripheral rim which bears against the shoulder to center the rosette in the nozzle, the swirl rosette comprising a substantially central opening and radial openings which surround the central opening, fins which cooperate with the radial openings to swirl the air passing through them, the rosette comprising a ring of openings forming a substantially cylindrical air flow slot surrounding the radial openings which open at their outer ends into the openings of the crown ,

the nozzle comprising a cylindrical wall which extends in front of the rosette and which forms a surface serving to deflect the air which leaves the fins radially towards the axis of the nozzle, producing swirling currents and creating close to the interior surface of the nozzle has a depression which tends to drive oil droplets radially outward from the nozzle.

5. - Oil burner with contained flame, characterized in that <Desc / Clms Page number 9> that it includes an air supply tube, a fuel nozzle in the air tube near its outlet end, a swirl rosette. at the end of. outlet of the air supply tube, the rosette being pierced with a flow opening for the oil leaving the nozzle and comprising radial openings for the air passing through the tube, fins on the rosette for - rewirl the air delivered by the radial openings, and a nozzle at the outlet end of the air tube which centers the rosette in the nozzle and in the air supply tube.

6. - Oil burner with contained flame, characterized in that it comprises an air supply tube, a fuel nozzle in the air tube near its outlet end, a swirl rosette at the outlet end of the air supply tube, the rosette being pierced with a flow opening for the oil leaving the nozzle and having radial openings for the air which leaves the tube, fins on the rosette serving rotating the air passing through the radial openings, a flared peripheral rim on the rosette and a nozzle at the outlet end of the air supply tube in contact with the flared peripheral rim to center the rosette in the nozzle and in the air supply tube, 7.- Oil burner with contained flame,

characterized in that it comprises an air supply tube having an outlet end portion of less internal diameter to form an inner shoulder, a fuel nozzle centered substantially in the tube near its outlet end, a rosette which extends transversely in the tube near its outlet end and which has a conical flange which bears against the shoulder so as to keep the rosette centered in the air supply tube, the rosette having a flow opening for the oil coming out of the nozzle and having radial openings for the air coming out of the tube,

fins on the <Desc / Clms Page number 10> rosette for swirling the air passing through the radial openings and openings in the rosette located radially outside the radial openings to deliver air substantially parallel to the wall of the air supply tube.

8. - Contained flame oil burner, characterized in that it comprises an air supply tube having an outlet end portion of smaller internal diameter to form an internal shoulder, a fuel nozzle essentially centered in the tube near its outlet end, a swirling rosette at the outlet of the air supply tube having a conical peripheral rim which bears against the shoulder so as to keep the rosette centered in the supply tube d air, the rosette being pierced with a flow opening for the oil coming out of the nozzle and pomporting radial openings for the air leaving the tube, fins on the rosette to make the air passing through the radial openings swirl ,

and openings in the rosette located radially outside the radial openings to discharge a cylindrical air duct.

9.- Swirl rosette for an oil burner with a contained flame, characterized in that it is pierced with an oil flow opening in central substance and in that it comprises fins which extend towards the 'forward from its face to swirl the flowed air, the rosette comprising a peripheral rim which flares outwards and backwards to center the rosette in the air supply tube.

10.- Swirling rosette for an oil burner with a contained flame, characterized in that it is pierced with an oil flow opening in the central substance and in that it has radial openings and fins which s 'extend forwards from its face to swirl the air discharged from the radial openings, the rosette having a peripheral rim which flares outwards and backwards to <Desc / Clms Page number 11> center the rosette in an air supply tube.

11.- Swirl rosette for an oil burner with a contained flame, characterized in that it is pierced with an opening for the flow of oil in central -substance and in that it comprises fins which extend towards the front on the face of the rosette to swirl the flowed air, the rosette having a peripheral rim which flares outwards and backwards to center the rosette in an air supply tube , the rosette comprising a ring of circumferentially elongated openings which pass right through it and which are placed radially outside the fins.

12. - Swirl rosette for an oil burner with a contained flame, characterized in that it is pierced with a central oil flow opening and in that it has radial openings and fins which s' extend forwards on its face to swirl the air supplied by the radial openings, the rosette comprising a peripheral rim which flares outwards and backwards to center the rosette in a supply tube air, the rosette also comprising a ring of elongated openings which pass right through it and which are located radially outside the radial openings.

13.- Oil burner characterized in that it comprises an air supply tube, a fuel nozzle in the air supply tube, a nozzle at the flow end of the air tube having a diameter smaller than that of the tube to form an annular shoulder, a swirling rosette comprising a flared peripheral rim which bears against the shoulder so as to center the rosette in the nozzle, the rosette comprising fins for swirling the air debited together with a ring of openings located radially outwardly of the 'fins and forming a substantially cylindrical air flow slot, the <Desc / Clms Page number 12> openings delivering a cylindrical air duct which contains the oil spray delivered by the nozzle,

the nozzle having a cylindrical wall which extends forward of the rosette and which provides a surface for deflecting radial air streams which leave the fins towards the central axis of the nozzle so as to create close to the surface interior of the nozzle swirling currents and thus a depression which tends to entrain the oil droplets radially towards the outside of the nozzle in the turbulent zone located in front of the rosette so that the air mixes intimately with the oil with for result that combustion occurs on the face of the spinner rosette.

14.- Oil burner characterized in that it comprises an air supply tube, a fuel nozzle in the tube, a nozzle at the flow end of the tube having a diameter smaller than that of the tube in order to form an annular shoulder, a swirling rosette having a diameter smaller than that of the nasal tube greater than that of the part of smaller diameter of the nozzle, the rosette comprising a flared peripheral rim which bears against this shoulder so as to center the rosette in the nozzle, the rosette comprising fins serving to swirl the delivered air as well as a ring of openings at the radial ends of the fins forming a substantially cylindrical air flow slot at the radial end of these fins,

these openings supplying a cylindrical air curtain which contains the oil spray coming out of the nozzle, the nozzle comprising a cylindrical wall which extends towards the front of the rosette, this wall providing a surface serving to deflect towards the axis center of the nozzle of the air streams radially leaving the fins so as to produce swirling currents and to create near the inner surface of the nozzle a vacuum which tends to entrain oil droplets radially outwardly of the nozzle in the turbulent area in front of the <Desc / Clms Page number 13> rosette so that the air mixes intimately with the oil after which combustion takes place. on the face of the swirl rosette.

15. - All new features described with reference to. attached drawing and considered separately and / or in combination.