BE903847A - Recipient, sa fabrication et appareil pour le fabriquer. - Google Patents

Recipient, sa fabrication et appareil pour le fabriquer.

Info

Publication number
BE903847A
BE903847A BE0/216005A BE216005A BE903847A BE 903847 A BE903847 A BE 903847A BE 0/216005 A BE0/216005 A BE 0/216005A BE 216005 A BE216005 A BE 216005A BE 903847 A BE903847 A BE 903847A
Authority
BE
Belgium
Prior art keywords
manufacture
preform
container
region
manufacturing
Prior art date
Application number
BE0/216005A
Other languages
English (en)
Original Assignee
Petainer Sa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Petainer Sa filed Critical Petainer Sa
Publication of BE903847A publication Critical patent/BE903847A/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C57/00—Shaping of tube ends, e.g. flanging, belling or closing; Apparatus therefor, e.g. collapsible mandrels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/08—Biaxial stretching during blow-moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C55/30—Drawing through a die
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/48—Moulds
    • B29C2049/4856—Mounting, exchanging or centering moulds or parts thereof
    • B29C2049/4858—Exchanging mould parts, e.g. for changing the mould size or geometry for making different products in the same mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/48—Moulds
    • B29C2049/4879—Moulds characterised by mould configurations
    • B29C2049/4892—Mould halves consisting of an independent main and bottom part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
    • B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
    • B29C2949/079—Auxiliary parts or inserts
    • B29C2949/08—Preforms made of several individual parts, e.g. by welding or gluing parts together
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/25—Solid
    • B29K2105/253—Preform
    • B29K2105/258—Tubular
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/90—Direct application of fluid pressure differential to shape, reshape, i.e. distort, or sustain an article or preform and heat-setting, i.e. crystallizing of stretched or molecularly oriented portion thereof
    • Y10S264/904—Maintaining article in fixed shape during heat-setting

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Supplying Of Containers To The Packaging Station (AREA)
  • Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Making Paper Articles (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Containers And Plastic Fillers For Packaging (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Food-Manufacturing Devices (AREA)
  • Table Devices Or Equipment (AREA)
  • Pens And Brushes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un corps creux et sa fabrication, ainsi qu'une installation pour cette fabrication. Une préforme (10d) est fixée en une région (13d) au voisinage du col (14d) entre des moyens mécaniques de formage (30,40), puis les moyens se déplacent, avec fixation conservée de la région (13d), en direction axiale de la préforme par rapport au mandrin sous expansion simultanée de la préforme et orientation et/ou cristallisation de sa matière. On obtient ainsi un récipient de qualité supérieure.
BE0/216005A 1984-12-14 1985-12-12 Recipient, sa fabrication et appareil pour le fabriquer. BE903847A (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8406373A SE450630B (sv) 1984-12-14 1984-12-14 Sett och anordning for tillverkning av en plastbehallare genom omformning av en i huvudsak rorliknande forform

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
BE903847A true BE903847A (fr) 1986-06-12

Family

ID=20358173

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
BE0/216005A BE903847A (fr) 1984-12-14 1985-12-12 Recipient, sa fabrication et appareil pour le fabriquer.

Country Status (21)

Country Link
US (2) US4927591A (fr)
EP (1) EP0204810B1 (fr)
JP (2) JPS62501138A (fr)
AT (2) ATE45700T1 (fr)
AU (2) AU597242B2 (fr)
BE (1) BE903847A (fr)
CA (2) CA1283064C (fr)
CH (2) CH675225A5 (fr)
DE (2) DE3587856T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK163970C (fr)
ES (1) ES8701589A1 (fr)
FI (1) FI88373C (fr)
FR (1) FR2574702B1 (fr)
GB (2) GB2168315B (fr)
IE (1) IE58167B1 (fr)
IN (1) IN168171B (fr)
IT (1) IT1184020B (fr)
MX (1) MX162524A (fr)
NO (1) NO863238D0 (fr)
SE (1) SE450630B (fr)
WO (1) WO1986003713A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3705947A1 (de) * 1987-02-25 1988-09-08 Krupp Corpoplast Masch Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen von hohlkoerpern aus orientiertem thermoplastischem kunststoff
DE3705948A1 (de) * 1987-02-25 1988-09-08 Krupp Corpoplast Masch Verfahren und vorrichtung zum anformen eines flansches an einem hohlkoerper aus thermoplastischem kunststoff
SE500363C2 (sv) * 1988-11-14 1994-06-13 Plm Ab Förfarande vid omformning av en förform av plastmaterial med expanderbar dorn
US5328655A (en) * 1989-03-08 1994-07-12 Fortex, Inc. Method and apparatus for the manufacture of shaped products of biaxially oriented polymeric material
US5262181A (en) * 1990-05-14 1993-11-16 Erca Holding Apparatus for forming hollow articles in thermoplastic material
IE68430B1 (en) * 1990-08-12 1996-06-12 Polysheet Ireland Ltd A method and apparatus for forming an article of PET material
SE468666B (sv) * 1990-09-27 1993-03-01 Plm Ab Saett och anordning foer att kristallisera amorft plastmaterial i ett aemne
ATE157927T1 (de) 1992-07-07 1997-09-15 Continental Pet Technologies Verfahren zum formen von einem behälter mit einer seitenwand von hoher kristallinität und einem boden von niedriger kristallinität
US5281387A (en) * 1992-07-07 1994-01-25 Continental Pet Technologies, Inc. Method of forming a container having a low crystallinity
US5374179A (en) * 1993-05-03 1994-12-20 Hewlett-Packard Company Multi-temperature film die
US5474735A (en) * 1993-09-24 1995-12-12 Continental Pet Technologies, Inc. Pulse blow method for forming container with enhanced thermal stability
DE69417389T2 (de) * 1994-02-23 1999-10-21 Denki Kagaku Kogyo K.K., Tokio/Tokyo Wärme- und druckbeständiger Behälter
SE523785C2 (sv) 1995-02-07 2004-05-18 Plastech Aps Metod och anordning för att framställa en rörformad behållare med tillslutningsorgan
ES2104443T3 (es) * 1995-04-27 1997-10-01 Continental Pet De Gmbh Geometria del fondo de recipientes de pet reutilizables.
US5633022A (en) * 1995-06-08 1997-05-27 Old Line Plastics, Inc. Differential temperature vacuum-forming tool
US5762854A (en) * 1996-03-05 1998-06-09 Valyi; Emery I. Compression molding process
FR2753648B1 (fr) * 1996-09-26 1998-11-27 Alphacan Sa Procede et installation de fabrication de tubes en matiere plastique avec etirage bi-axial, et tube en matiere plastique ainsi obtenu
CA2218262C (fr) * 1996-10-17 2001-04-24 Kenji Kawano Modulateur optique ultrarapide a semi-conducteur comportant une electrode a ondes progressives
US6264050B1 (en) 1998-10-06 2001-07-24 Plastipak Packaging, Inc. Container with improved neck portion and method for making the same
RU2216447C1 (ru) * 2002-12-05 2003-11-20 Закрытое акционерное общество "Бородино" Способ изготовления полых изделий из пластмассы
US20050269744A1 (en) * 2004-06-07 2005-12-08 Lonsway Michael J Stretched container and method of manufacture
US7637733B2 (en) * 2004-12-02 2009-12-29 Graham Packaging Company, L.P. Method and apparatus for reforming a portion of a plastic container to include a three-dimensional feature or transferable element
US20070126152A1 (en) * 2005-12-06 2007-06-07 Graham Packaging Company, L.P. Methods and apparatuses for reforming an upper portion of a blow molded plastic container
US20080116620A1 (en) * 2006-11-21 2008-05-22 John Thomas Method and apparatus for blow molding in an injection molding machine
TWI329560B (en) * 2007-12-06 2010-09-01 Profile Tech Internat Co Ltd Film thermoforming method
US8734709B2 (en) * 2009-04-07 2014-05-27 Graham Packaging Company, L.P. Apparatus for reforming a portion of a plastic container
US8506285B2 (en) 2009-04-07 2013-08-13 Graham Packaging Company, L.P. Method and apparatus for reforming a portion of a plastic container using induction heating
GB201407573D0 (en) * 2014-04-30 2014-06-11 Smiths Medical Int Ltd Tubes and their manuacture
FR3020980B1 (fr) * 2014-05-19 2016-07-01 Mohammed Seiffeddine Bou-Mezrag Moule pour bouteille clipsable

Family Cites Families (41)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2854694A (en) * 1956-02-16 1958-10-07 Owens Illinois Glass Co Method and apparatus for forming bodies from plastic materials
FR1251528A (fr) * 1960-02-18 1961-01-20 Bellofram Patents Inc Perfectionnements apportés aux membranes d'étanchéité pour rotules
GB953734A (fr) * 1960-06-21
US3492387A (en) * 1961-10-13 1970-01-27 Plastic Ammunition Products In Plastic article making
BE627862A (fr) * 1962-02-06 1900-01-01
US3284560A (en) * 1963-09-18 1966-11-08 Fed Cartridge Corp Method of making plastic tubes
US3359599A (en) * 1964-05-06 1967-12-26 Dore Co John L Liner flaring apparatus
US3496597A (en) * 1966-08-24 1970-02-24 Dow Chemical Co Container forming apparatus
US3757718A (en) * 1966-12-13 1973-09-11 Shell Oil Co Method for forming hollow articles of work-stengthenable plastic materials
DE1779384A1 (de) * 1968-08-05 1971-11-18 Conduco Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von mit einer halsfoermigen OEffnung versehenen Hohlkoerpern aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff im Blasverfahren
US3849530A (en) * 1969-12-17 1974-11-19 Du Pont Process for producing a biaxially oriented thermoplastic article
US3812696A (en) * 1970-10-22 1974-05-28 Crown Cork & Seal Co Method of and apparatus for forming container bodies
JPS5034407Y2 (fr) * 1971-09-08 1975-10-07
US4036514A (en) * 1972-06-26 1977-07-19 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Pipe fitting
US3929960A (en) * 1973-10-01 1975-12-30 Canadian Ind Method for producing oriented plastic shotshells
NL7505421A (nl) * 1974-05-13 1975-11-17 Continental Can Co Kunststofreservoir vervaardigd van een samen- gestelde plaat, werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een kunststofreservoir, en samengestelde plaat daarvoor.
JPS5150251A (en) * 1974-10-29 1976-05-01 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd mig yosetsusochi
JPS5920992B2 (ja) * 1976-03-10 1984-05-16 セイコーエプソン株式会社 ヒゲゼンマイ外端固定構造
SE424162B (sv) * 1978-03-02 1982-07-05 Plm Ab Sett och anordning for formning av en mynningsdel hos en preform
US4511322A (en) * 1979-06-11 1985-04-16 Plm Aktiebolag Apparatus for the manufacture of a cup-like article from polyethylene terephthalate or similar material
SE424286B (sv) * 1979-06-11 1982-07-12 Plm Ab Forfarande att astadkomma en artikel av termoplastmaterial genom dragning, och behallare framstelld enligt settet
US4281979A (en) * 1979-10-26 1981-08-04 Owens-Illinois, Inc. Apparatus to form a flat-topped rim on a thin-walled foam plastic container
US4297306A (en) * 1979-11-07 1981-10-27 Yoshino Kogyosho Co., Ltd. Neck orienting method of bottles of saturated polyester resins
US4332766A (en) * 1980-02-01 1982-06-01 Federal Cartridge Corporation One-piece shotshell
DE3020351A1 (de) * 1980-05-29 1981-12-03 Maja-Maschinenfabrik Hermann Schill Gmbh, 7640 Kehl Maschine zum entschwarten oder enthaeuten von fleisch o. dgl.
NL8102376A (nl) * 1980-05-29 1981-12-16 Plm Ab Werkwijze en inrichting voor het vormen van een houder.
US4358492A (en) * 1980-10-22 1982-11-09 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Novel process for deep stretch forming of polyesters
GB2089276B (en) * 1980-11-19 1984-09-05 Metal Box Co Ltd Thermoplastics tubular articles
FR2510940A1 (fr) * 1981-08-06 1983-02-11 Solvay Procede et appareillage pour la fabrication de tuyaux en matiere plastique orientee moleculaire
SE428775B (sv) * 1981-11-26 1983-07-25 Plm Ab Behallare samt sett och anordning for att framstella en sadan
SE428774B (sv) * 1981-11-26 1983-07-25 Plm Ab Sett att astadkomma en behallare
US4420454A (en) * 1982-03-05 1983-12-13 Toyo Seikan Kaisha, Limited Method of making a plastic hollow article
JPS58159920A (ja) * 1982-03-18 1983-09-22 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd 押抜き製管法およびその装置
SE435596B (sv) * 1982-10-14 1984-10-08 Plm Ab Sett for bildande av en artikel genom formning och kristallisation av material i veggen hos ett emne av termoplastmaterial vid dettas tjockleksreduktion samt mekaniskt formningsorgan herfor
US4545953A (en) * 1982-10-20 1985-10-08 Hunt-Wesson Foods, Inc. Method for making an extrusion blow molded no drip lip
SE448967B (sv) * 1983-03-10 1987-03-30 Petainer Sa Sett och anordning for tillverkning av termoplastbehallare
US4563325A (en) * 1983-05-20 1986-01-07 Shell Oil Company Forming plastic articles in solid state
DE3582744D1 (de) * 1984-03-30 1991-06-13 Nat Res Dev Rohrfoermige gegenstaende.
SE451969B (sv) * 1984-07-05 1987-11-09 Petainer Sa Sett att framstella en behallare fran ett rorformat och i botten tillslutet emne av orienterbart plastmaterial
DE3705948A1 (de) * 1987-02-25 1988-09-08 Krupp Corpoplast Masch Verfahren und vorrichtung zum anformen eines flansches an einem hohlkoerper aus thermoplastischem kunststoff
DE3705947A1 (de) * 1987-02-25 1988-09-08 Krupp Corpoplast Masch Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen von hohlkoerpern aus orientiertem thermoplastischem kunststoff

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU597242B2 (en) 1990-05-31
AU4782990A (en) 1990-05-10
IE58167B1 (en) 1993-07-28
GB2207630B (en) 1989-07-12
DK163970B (da) 1992-04-27
DK387086D0 (da) 1986-08-14
DE3587856D1 (de) 1994-07-21
IT1184020B (it) 1987-10-22
FI863260A0 (fi) 1986-08-11
IT8568054A0 (it) 1985-12-13
CH679470A5 (fr) 1992-02-28
SE8406373L (sv) 1986-06-15
NO863238L (no) 1986-08-12
WO1986003713A1 (fr) 1986-07-03
FR2574702A1 (fr) 1986-06-20
GB2168315B (en) 1989-07-05
CH675225A5 (fr) 1990-09-14
SE450630B (sv) 1987-07-13
DK163970C (da) 1992-09-21
FI88373B (fi) 1993-01-29
IE853157L (en) 1986-06-14
ES549917A0 (es) 1986-12-16
FI863260A7 (fi) 1986-08-11
GB8818628D0 (en) 1988-09-07
GB8530828D0 (en) 1986-01-22
DK387086A (da) 1986-08-14
FR2574702B1 (fr) 1987-11-20
CA1317726C (fr) 1993-05-18
SE8406373D0 (sv) 1984-12-14
ATE45700T1 (de) 1989-09-15
ATE107221T1 (de) 1994-07-15
EP0204810B1 (fr) 1989-08-23
EP0204810A1 (fr) 1986-12-17
JPS62501138A (ja) 1987-05-07
FI88373C (fi) 1993-05-10
US4927591A (en) 1990-05-22
GB2168315A (en) 1986-06-18
AU5311286A (en) 1986-07-22
ES8701589A1 (es) 1986-12-16
DE3587856T2 (de) 1994-09-22
AU630402B2 (en) 1992-10-29
US5067888A (en) 1991-11-26
JPH0655617A (ja) 1994-03-01
DE3572455D1 (en) 1989-09-28
JPH0560411B2 (fr) 1993-09-02
GB2207630A (en) 1989-02-08
IN168171B (fr) 1991-02-16
NO863238D0 (no) 1986-08-12
JPH0669713B2 (ja) 1994-09-07
CA1283064C (fr) 1991-04-16
MX162524A (es) 1991-05-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
GB8818628D0 (en) Hollow body & method & apparatus for making such hollow body
ES2066829T3 (es) Cuerpo de material compuesto y procedimiento para su produccion.
YU156087A (en) Process for obtaining material from practicaly pure aluminiumoxide
CS660687A3 (en) Process for producing self-supporting ceramic body
BE1003391A5 (fr) Procede de fabrication de preformes en matiere ceramique.
AU591305B2 (en) Improved process for preparing 5,6-substitued-2,4- quinazolinediamines and novel intermediates
HUT34217A (en) New process for the production of 21-hydroxy-20-oxo-delta-above 16-steroids and of their intermediate compounds
Vasin et al. Oxygen-Flux Cutting of Bimetal Blanks
PL286096A1 (en) Blank for making seamed tubular components, tube or shaped tube union made of such blank and groover joint used as longitudinal seam of tubular made of such blank
JPH04452U (fr)
AU6839790A (en) Derivatives and analogues of monoethylglycinexylidide and their production and use
CA2039089A1 (fr) Joint de poteau et methode connexe
CS657287A3 (en) Process for producing self-supporting ceramic body
KR860000901A (ko) 황동봉을 가공재료로 하는 단조금형의 제조방법
JPS6469822A (en) Solid lubricant retainer
Keller et al. The Behaviour of Tinplate Full-Aperture Easy-Open Ends During the Sterilisation and Opening of Food Cans
Karbownik et al. Flotation Plugs for Drawing Thick-Walled Tubes With Small Diameters
JPS6414024A (en) Manufacture of bellows joint made of fluorine resin
CS300386A1 (en) Threading tool
HUT50145A (en) Process for production of substituated 1,2,3-tiadiasole 4-tiasole
JPS63131568U (fr)
BG49084A1 (en) Device for inner deburring of electrowelded pipes
ES254631U (es) Regadera para plantas enanas,con elevado grado de pulveriza-cion
IT1250531B (it) Procedimento per la realizzazione di un corpo a campana per giunto omocinetico, ed utensile utilizzato in tale procedimento.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
RE Patent lapsed

Owner name: PETAINER B.V.

Effective date: 19971231