BG5105U1 - Modular load-bearing structure for a portable monolithic house and portable monolithic house - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a modular supporting structure for a portable monolithic house, as well as to a portable monolithic house including such a structure, intended for permanent or temporary habitation. The structure and the house are intended for factory production, complete equipment and furnishing, allowing easy transportation and installation in remote locations without the need to build a foundation slab. The utility model finds application in the field of industrialized housing construction and prefabricated modular buildings with a high degree of completion. A modular supporting structure for a portable monolithic house is characterized in that it includes foundation steps (1), on which steel columns (2) and (3) are mounted, located at the front and rear ends of the module, respectively, as well as a central steel column (8), the columns (2), (3) and (8) being connected in a spatial frame system by transverse steel beams (5) and longitudinal steel beams (7), whereby the structure is additionally strengthened with diagonal spatial connections (4) and (6), with wooden capitals (10) and (11) being mounted on the upper ends of the columns (2) and (3), forming the roof grillage, and at floor level a transverse steel beam (9) is attached to the central column (8), serving to additionally strengthen the floor frame. A portable monolithic house, including at least three spatially connected modular load-bearing structures and also including: - a floor structure containing a profiled steel sheet, on which a double-reinforced thin-layer reinforced concrete slab with an expansion joint is poured, between which a polyurethane vibration insulation strip is located, and below it - a waterproofing layer, a thermal insulation layer of extruded polystyrene foam and a protective cement fiberboard panel; - a roof structure including a wooden supporting grid filled with stone wool, covered with wood panels, an EPDM waterproofing membrane with mineral filling, radio-wave protection and an internal lining of acoustic panels; - external walls made of aluminum metalbond panels, cement fiberboard panels, a vapor diffusion membrane, a secondary wooden structure and thermal insulation layers of stone wool and wood panels, as well as layers with radio-wave protection; - factory-integrated building installations for power supply, water supply, sewage, heating, ventilation, building automation, as well as energy efficiency and security management systems.

Description

Field of technology

The utility model relates to a modular supporting structure for a portable monolithic house, as well as to a portable monolithic house including such a structure, intended for permanent or temporary habitation. The structure and the house are intended for factory production, complete equipment and furnishing, allowing easy transportation and installation in remote locations without the need to build a foundation slab. The utility model finds application in the field of industrialized housing construction and prefabricated modular buildings with a high degree of completion.

Prior art

In the field of portable and prefabricated housing structures, various solutions are known, based on the modular or container principle. Many of them use industrially manufactured metal containers or panels that are transported to a place for assembly. Some of these solutions provide for partially built infrastructure or minimal furnishings, while others allow for the expansion of the living area through expandable modules. There are also systems with pre-built partition walls, kitchen and sanitary areas. However, none of the known technical solutions provides a fully completed and furnished dwelling, including at the same time: an integrated modular load-bearing structure, multi-layer protection, factory-built building systems and the possibility of immediate commissioning without additional construction and assembly activities on site.

For example, the following are known from the prior art:

From US 3755974 A is known a modular housing system and a method for its construction, in which a modular housing unit is created, adapted for individual or group use, especially in places with high labor costs and limited access to qualified labor. The module is designed with openings allowing the passage of the building infrastructure - electrical installation, plumbing and sewage, so that when two or more modules are arranged on top of each other, the installations can pass between them. The description does not provide specific construction details or combinations of materials, but mainly presents a concept.

From US 7882659 B2 is known a model of a foldable house based on a transport metal container, manufactured in a factory with partial bathroom and kitchen furnishings, installed electrical and plumbing systems, floor, wall and ceiling coverings, as well as installed windows and doors. The house is designed to be unfolded on site, increasing its usable area by means of mechanisms for unfolding walls, floors and ceilings, which remain folded during transportation.

From US 10584503 B2 is known a method for manufacturing a container house by reworking an old container or using new self-supporting sandwich panels for walls, floor and ceiling, which are heat and sound insulated and fire resistant. The construction of the panels allows for quick assembly by welding or bolted connections. Only a model of the external supporting and partition structure is described, without solutions for interior cladding, furnishings or building installations.

From US 4513545 A a method for constructing, transporting and lifting two- and multi-storey buildings from prefabricated load-bearing modules and partition panel elements is known. Three main types of modules have been developed, including pre-finished walls, cabinets, appliances, flooring and integrated plumbing and electrical systems. The modules and panels are manufactured using mass production and transported to the construction site, where they are installed on a pre-cast reinforced concrete slab. The first module includes a kitchen, a central corridor, part of a staircase and sanitary facilities; the second module contains a bathroom with a washing machine and an internal circulation corridor between two bedrooms, and the third module is a pitched roof, including heating and air conditioning equipment and a hot water boiler.

From EP 2491191 B1 a model of a prefabricated house is known, made on the basis of a container with foldable walls, ceiling and floor by means of an integrated rope system. The container is transported in a folded state, and is unfolded on site, almost tripling the deployed living area. Elements of the bathroom, toilet and kitchen are also transported in a folded state, which after unfolding are manually placed in the appropriate positions and connected to the built-in infrastructure. Additional assemblies allow the containers to be stacked on top of each other to build multi-storey buildings, with access between floors requiring the construction of an external staircase.

EP 2313330 B1 discloses a prefabricated house model built around a metal shipping container serving as the core of the building. Prefabricated structural elements - beams and columns - are added to it, expanding the living area. Prefabricated structures for adding a pitched roof and facade panels, windows and doors for cladding and finishing the building are also described.

From RU 2605101 C2 is known a prefabricated container intended for a workroom or temporary housing, consisting of elements that allow rapid assembly and upgrading in height. The main feature is the vertical pylons driven into the ground, passing through the entire length of the columns and providing stability and the possibility of installing solar panels or wind generators. The elements of the structure are transported disassembled and are assembled on site.

From BG 4205 U1 (PM per No. 4205) is known a utility model relating to a rapidly prefabricated building consisting of reinforced concrete foundations with cups for vertically mounted and cast-in-place columns. Between the columns and to the foundation are located floor and roof beams, to which facade panels are attached by means of bolted connections and waiting reinforcement. The floor and roof panels are installed horizontally between the corresponding beams.

The known solutions lack a specific supporting structure with spatial rigidity and improved resistance during transportation, lifting and installation, as well as a factory-built home with a high degree of completion, equipped with building automation, energy efficiency, radio wave and vibration insulation protection.

In addition, the known systems rely on on-site assembly, often involving specialized equipment and personnel, and lack solutions where the floor structure provides a sense of solidity, characteristic of traditional construction. Furthermore, the materials used usually do not offer sufficient sound and heat insulation, nor radio wave protection or a protective structure against the penetration of vibrations and airborne noise.

Given these circumstances, there is a need to create a new type of modular load-bearing structure, adapted for transportation and installation without a foundation slab, and included in a fully completed dwelling, which would provide full living comfort and readiness for use immediately after positioning on the terrain.

Technical essence of the utility model

The task set by the present utility model is to create, on the one hand, a modular supporting structure suitable for the construction of portable monolithic residential modules, and on the other hand - a fully completed portable monolithic dwelling, consisting of at least three such modules, factory-produced, equipped and adapted for operation immediately after transportation and installation.

The solution to this problem is implemented through a modular load-bearing structure, which is a spatial frame system formed by foundation elements, on which are mounted steel columns located at the front and rear ends of the module, as well as a central steel column, the columns being connected in a spatial frame system by transverse and longitudinal steel beams, the structure being additionally strengthened with diagonal spatial connections, wooden capitals forming the roof grill are mounted on the upper ends of the end columns, and at floor level an additional transverse beam is attached to the central column to strengthen the floor frame.

Additionally, the modular supporting structure is designed so that all columns are made of hot-dip galvanized steel, which ensures resistance to corrosion and extends the service life of the structure. The longitudinal and transverse beams are connected to the columns by bolted joints, which allow for quick and precise assembly, as well as easy disassembly in case of transport or servicing.

In order to ensure spatial rigidity and stability during lifting and transportation, the structure includes diagonal connections located in both the vertical and horizontal planes. The roof grill is formed by capitals made of technical wood with a cross section of not less than 150 by 150 mm, which ensures the necessary load-bearing capacity and structural stability of the roof.

A modular load-bearing structure constitutes a portable monolithic house, consisting of at least three spatial modules, each of which is factory-made with full interior equipment, building installations, insulation and furnishings. The portable monolithic house includes a floor structure consisting of profiled steel sheet type LT with a thickness of not less than 1.5 mm, on which a thin-layer double-reinforced reinforced concrete slab with an expansion joint is poured. Between the sheet and the slab is located a polyurethane vibration insulation strip with a Shore hardness of 35 to 38, and under the slab are sequentially located a waterproofing layer, thermal insulation of extruded polystyrene foam and a protective cement fiberboard board. The roof structure includes a wooden supporting grid, filled with rock wool with a thickness of at least 240 mm and a density of not less than 50 kg/m ³ , covered with wooden boards, on which is placed an EPDM waterproofing membrane with mineral sprinkle. Above it is a layer for radio-wave protection, and on the inside - a lining of acoustic panels.

The external walls are multi-layered, including a supporting metal and secondary wooden structure, thermal insulation layers of rock wool and pressed wood panels, a vapor diffusion membrane, internal cladding and external coating of tri-composite metalbond panels (aluminum-PVC-aluminum) with UV protection. A radio-wave protection system is integrated in the intermediate layers of the walls and roof.

Each module contains factory-built building installations for power supply, water supply, sewage, heating, ventilation, building automation, as well as energy efficiency and security management systems.

The modules can be transported in finished form on an oversized trailer, and are adapted for assembly on site without the need for finishing construction activities.

After their installation, a dwelling with a total floor area of approximately 84.15 m2 is formed, including a living room with kitchen, bedroom, bathroom and covered terrace. The modules can be installed both on a pre-cast foundation slab and on point foundations or directly on a naturally stable base.

The house includes factory-installed electrical, plumbing, sewage, heating, ventilation and automated building systems, which provide high energy efficiency, comfort and a healthy environment for the occupants, without the need for additional on-site intervention.

Explanation of the attached figures

Figure 1 presents a perspective view of a modular supporting structure for a portable monolithic house.

Figure 2 is a spatial diagram of a portable monolithic house built from three spatial modular supporting structures with a common assembly

Figure 3 is a cross-section of a portable monolithic house.

Figure 3A is a side view of a modular house with a recovery opening (facade 1).

Figure 3B represents a rear facade of the assembled modules with a round opening for the recuperation system of the living room.

Figure 4 represents the entrance facade of the assembled modules with a partially covered terrace.

Figure 5 is a plan of the three modules in an assembled composition of a portable monolithic house, with marked sections.

Example of implementation of the utility model

The utility model, as presented in Figure 1, is a modular supporting structure for a portable monolithic house, including: foundation steps 1, on which steel columns 2 and 3 are mounted, located at the front and rear ends of the module, respectively, as well as a central steel column 8, the columns 2, 3 and 8 being connected in a spatial frame system by transverse steel beams 5 and longitudinal steel beams 7, whereby the structure is additionally strengthened by diagonal spatial connections 4 and 6. Wooden capitals 10 and 11 are mounted on the upper ends of the columns 2 and 3, forming the roof grill, and at floor level a transverse steel beam 9 is attached to the central column 8, serving to additionally strengthen the floor frame.

A portable monolithic house, as shown in Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4 and Figure 5, comprising at least three spatially connected modules, built on the basis of modular supporting structures according to Figure 1, each of the modules being factory-made, fully equipped and furnished, the house comprising:

- a floor structure containing profiled steel sheet, on which a double-reinforced thin-layer reinforced concrete slab with an expansion joint is poured, between which a polyurethane vibration insulation strip is located, and below it - a waterproofing layer, a thermal insulation layer of extruded polystyrene foam and a protective board of cement fiberboard;

- roof structure, including a wooden supporting grid filled with rock wool, covered with wooden boards, EPDM waterproofing membrane with mineral sprinkle, radio-wave protection and internal lining of acoustic panels;

- external walls built of aluminum metalbond panels, cement fiber boards, vapor diffusion membrane, secondary wooden structure and thermal insulation layers of rock wool and wood boards, as well as layers of radio wave protection;

- factory-integrated building installations for power supply, water supply, sewage, heating, ventilation, building automation, as well as energy efficiency and security management systems.

The utility model is designed as a portable monolithic house, consisting of three spatial modules with overall dimensions of 8500 x 3300 mm and a height of 3500 mm. The total unfolded area of the assembled house is 84.15 m ² . The three modules are transported separately and assembled on site on foundation steps, metal or reinforced concrete supports. The structure is designed to allow quick installation and commissioning without the need for additional construction activities on the site.

The main supporting structure is of reinforced concrete, consisting of foundation steps 1, steel columns 2, 3 and 8, connected by transverse steel beams 5 and longitudinal steel beams 7, strengthened by spatial connections 4 and 6 and supplemented with wooden capitals 10 and 11 in its upper part. The structure is designed for the following loads: ceiling load qk = 2.0 kN/m ² (category A3), snow load sk = 4.30 kN/m ² (Zone 3, a.s.l. up to 750 m), wind load vb,o = 30 m/s (WZ4, I terrain category), roof load Qk = 1 kN (category H).

The floor structure of the Bathroom/Kitchen and Bedroom/Living room modules includes supporting secondary metal beams, on which a profiled LT sheet metal is laid. A thin-layer double-reinforced reinforced concrete slab of class B35 is poured on it, containing PVC fibers for increased elasticity and strength. The slab has an expansion joint along the perimeter. A polyurethane vibration isolation strip is laid between the LT sheet metal and the slab. Under the slab are sequentially located: acrylic waterproofing with a thickness of 3 mm, thermal insulation of extruded polystyrene foam (8 cm), protective cement fiberboard (12 mm). Radio wave protection is integrated between the slab and the underfloor heating coils using YSHIELD RDF72 foil.

The roof structure includes a three-layer EPDM waterproofing system, thermal insulation made of pressed Pavatex wood chips (52 mm), a layer of stone wool (volumetric weight 50 kg/m ³ , thickness 240 mm), two layers of wood panels (OSB and birch plywood), on which a foil for radio wave protection is glued.

YSHIELD RDF72. Decibel Fabric acoustic panels (40 mm, sound absorption coefficient α = 0.85) are mounted on this foil. The drainage system along the perimeter is made of galvanized sheet metal with PVDF coating, class C4.

The external walls consist of: metalbond panels, cement-fiberboard (12 mm), vapor diffusion membrane, secondary wooden structure, thermal insulation of stone wool (200 mm) and Pavatex (52 mm), two layers of boards (OSB and plywood), radio wave protection foil and internal lining. All layers are vibration insulated with neoprene tape.

The interior is designed with built-in furniture using shipbuilding and caravan building technologies, secured with hidden bolted joints. The modules contain factory-built installations for electricity, water supply, sewage, heating, ventilation, building automation, energy efficiency and security.

The apartment consists of three modules: a terrace module, a Bedroom-Living room module and a Kitchen-Bathroom module. During assembly, the modules are connected with bolted joints. The contact points between them are indicated in Figure 5. The assembled house includes a living room with a kitchen, a bedroom, a bathroom with a toilet and a partially covered terrace (entrance hall).

All furniture and furnishings in the house are built-in and factory-attached to the cladding and structural surfaces of the modules using hidden bolted joints, which allow for easy replacement or dismantling if necessary. The dense facade areas are clad with Etalbond panels, and the windows are made as double-layer glass units with an air gap filled with sulfur hexafluoride, in order to provide sound insulation. The glass units are laminated with foil against high-frequency radio waves, connected to the remaining radio-protective coating through the joinery. The terrace railings are made of triplex glass with an impact-resistant insert, mounted to the supporting structure using metal profiles.

The roof waterproofing is made of EPDM membrane, providing protection against water penetration and durability. It has built-in elements for future installation of photovoltaics. External systems include security cameras with full view and recuperative air exchange devices in the bedroom and living room.

The interior space is acoustically and thermally insulated. The separation between the rooms is realized with partition walls with sound insulation exceeding the standard regulatory requirements. All doors are sliding, built into the walls, with acoustic seals and insulating fillings.

The kitchen includes built-in equipment: refrigerator, dishwasher, oven, hob, reverse osmosis system, built-in table and cabinets with moisture-proof treatment. The lighting is LED with control via a smart Wi-Fi dimmer. The surfaces are made of impregnated plywood and natural veneer.

The bathroom is equipped with a modular shower cabin with anti-slip coating, waterproof furniture, an automatic toilet with self-cleaning, heating and diagnostic functions, LED lighting and mechanical ventilation with noise below 6 dB. The waterproofing of the premises is two-layer acrylic, combined with anti-radon and anti-corrosion protection.

The bedroom features a bed with built-in storage space, upholstered panels, LED lighting and a three-layer mattress with high ergonomics. All furniture is constructed without screws, using epoxy adhesives and trapezoidal joints for increased durability.

The electrical installation is divided into circuits by room, with Wi-Fi controllers, fire alarm and a central miniserver. The power supply between the modules is provided by moisture-proof quick connections. The heating is underfloor with an electric boiler, the air conditioning - with a built-in roof system and air ducts with electrically driven louvers. The heat exchangers are automatically controlled based on CO2 sensors.

The water and sewerage systems are protected by protective casings and insulated routes, with an intelligent water meter and monitoring system. All connections are accessible through inspection openings with thermal insulation against freezing.

Advantages of the utility model

The utility model has a number of constructive, functional and operational advantages over known in practice solutions for prefabricated or portable residential structures. First of all, the modular structure is distinguished by a high degree of pre-preparedness - each module is factory-built, equipped and furnished, which significantly reduces the installation time and eliminates the need for additional construction activities on site. The combined use of steel, reinforced concrete and wood in the supporting structure provides high strength, spatial rigidity and durability, combined with flexibility of design solutions and effective insulation.

The spatial frame system, built of longitudinal, transverse and diagonal connections, allows for the absorption of significant vertical and horizontal loads, including snow, wind and dynamic impacts during transportation and installation. The introduced vibration and noise insulation solutions - including polyurethane and neoprene strips, acoustic panels and decoupled layers - effectively reduce the transmission of vibrations and noise between the modules and the interior spaces, ensuring a comfortable and quiet living environment. Additionally, the thermal insulation efficiency of the structure is achieved through multi-layer insulation, precise joining of the modules and the use of materials with low thermal conductivity.

A significant advantage of the utility model is the integrated radio frequency protection, provided by foils and laminated surfaces, which limit the penetration of high-frequency electromagnetic waves into the living environment. Each piece of furniture and interior element is factory-fixed using hidden bolted joints, which allows for easy replacement or dismantling if necessary, without damaging the structure. The house has fully built building installations for power supply, water supply, sewage, heating, ventilation, building automation and security systems, which makes it ready for immediate occupancy after installation.

The structure is designed to allow for quick assembly and disassembly, making it suitable for both permanent and temporary sites. Thanks to the modular principle, flexibility is achieved in shaping different distributions according to the specific needs of the residents. In addition, the high-quality materials and finishing solutions used, such as metalbond facades, natural veneers, LED lighting and hidden building automation, give the home a modern aesthetic and a high standard of living. All these advantages make the utility model technically innovative

Use of the utility model

The use of the utility model is aimed at building portable monolithic houses with a high degree of factory readiness, which are quickly installed on site without the need for additional construction. The modular construction provides strength, energy efficiency, noise and vibration insulation, allowing both temporary and permanent habitation in different climatic conditions.

Claims (10)

1. Modular supporting structure for a portable monolithic house, characterized in that it includes foundation steps (1), on which steel columns (2) and (3) are mounted, located at the front and rear ends of the module, respectively, as well as a central steel column (8), the columns (2), (3) and (8) being connected in a spatial frame system by transverse steel beams (5) and longitudinal steel beams (7), the structure being additionally strengthened by diagonal spatial connections (4) and (6), with wooden capitals (10) and (11) being mounted on the upper ends of the columns (2) and (3), forming the roof grill, and at floor level a transverse steel beam (9) is attached to the central column (8), serving to additionally strengthen the floor frame. 2. Modular supporting structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the columns (2), (3) and (8) are made of hot-dip galvanized steel. 3. Modular supporting structure according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the transverse and longitudinal steel beams (5) and (7) are connected to the columns by means of bolted joints. 4. Modular supporting structure according to claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that the diagonal spatial connections (4) and (6) are located in the vertical and horizontal planes to provide spatial rigidity during lifting and transport. 5. Modular supporting structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wooden capitals (10) and (11) are made of technical wood with a cross-section of not less than 150 x 150 mm. 6. A portable monolithic house comprising at least three spatially connected modular supporting structures according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises: - a floor structure containing profiled steel sheet, on which a double-reinforced thin-layer reinforced concrete slab with an expansion joint is poured, between which a polyurethane vibration insulation strip is located, and below it - a waterproofing layer, a thermal insulation layer of extruded polystyrene foam and a protective board of cement fiberboard; - roof structure, including a wooden supporting grid, filled with rock wool, covered with wood panels, EPDM waterproofing membrane with mineral sprinkle, radio-wave protection and internal lining of acoustic panels; - external walls built of aluminum metalbond panels, cement fiberboards, vapor diffusion membrane, secondary wooden structure and thermal insulation layers of rock wool and wood panels, as well as layers with radio wave protection; - factory-integrated building installations for power supply, water supply, sewage, heating, ventilation, building automation, as well as energy efficiency and security management systems. 7. A portable monolithic house according to claim 6, characterized in that the profiled steel sheet in the floor structure is of the LT type with a thickness of not less than 1.5 mm. 8. A portable monolithic house according to claim 6, characterized in that the vibration isolation strip between the reinforced concrete slab and the sheet metal is made of polyurethane with a Shore hardness of 35 to 38. 9. A portable monolithic house according to claim 6, characterized in that the rock wool in the roof structure has a thickness of at least 240 mm and a density of not less than 50 kg/m ³ . 10. Portable monolithic house according to claim 6, characterized in that the Etalbond panels are tri-composite, including aluminum-PVC-aluminum, with UV protection.