BR9913832A - Membranas condutoras de hidróxido com base empolìmero - Google Patents
Membranas condutoras de hidróxido com base empolìmeroInfo
- Publication number
- BR9913832A BR9913832A BR9913832-8A BR9913832A BR9913832A BR 9913832 A BR9913832 A BR 9913832A BR 9913832 A BR9913832 A BR 9913832A BR 9913832 A BR9913832 A BR 9913832A
- Authority
- BR
- Brazil
- Prior art keywords
- hydroxide
- base
- empolymer
- quaternary ammonium
- composition
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title abstract 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title abstract 3
- -1 heterocyclic quaternary ammonium salt Chemical class 0.000 abstract 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/18—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte
- H01M6/181—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte with polymeric electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/18—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1023—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
- H01M8/1044—Mixtures of polymers, of which at least one is ionically conductive
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
- H01M8/1081—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes starting from solutions, dispersions or slurries exclusively of polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
- H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
Abstract
"MEMBRANAS CONDUTORAS DE HIDRóXIDO COM BASE EMPOLìMERO". A presente invenção refere-se a uma composição deeletrólito com base em polímero tendo excelentes propriedades deformação de filme, flexibilidade, resistência mecânica e altacondutividade de hidróxido. A composição compreende umpolímero orgânico tendo uma estrutura de sal de amónioquaternário, um sal de amónio quaternário heterocíclico contendonitrogênio e um sal de hidróxido de metal. Em uma modalidadepreferida, a composição é fundida sob a forma de um filme que éadequado para uso como uma membrana condutora de íons oucomo outra membrana característica em uma fonte de energia, talcomo por exemplo, uma bateria alcalina ou célula combustível emtransporte de ânions de hidróxido, para sua operação.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/156,135 US6183914B1 (en) | 1998-09-17 | 1998-09-17 | Polymer-based hydroxide conducting membranes |
| PCT/US1999/020404 WO2000016422A1 (en) | 1998-09-17 | 1999-09-07 | Polymer-based hydroxide conducting membranes |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| BR9913832A true BR9913832A (pt) | 2001-12-18 |
Family
ID=22558256
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| BR9913832-8A BR9913832A (pt) | 1998-09-17 | 1999-09-07 | Membranas condutoras de hidróxido com base empolìmero |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6183914B1 (pt) |
| EP (1) | EP1116291A1 (pt) |
| JP (1) | JP2002525803A (pt) |
| KR (1) | KR20020020871A (pt) |
| CN (1) | CN1174510C (pt) |
| AU (1) | AU743088B2 (pt) |
| BR (1) | BR9913832A (pt) |
| CA (1) | CA2344148A1 (pt) |
| MX (1) | MXPA01002831A (pt) |
| TW (1) | TW463413B (pt) |
| WO (1) | WO2000016422A1 (pt) |
Families Citing this family (72)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1998021769A1 (fr) * | 1996-11-11 | 1998-05-22 | Gorina, Liliya Fedorovna | Mode de fabrication d'une pile isolee a combustible haute temperature et de ses composants: cathode, anode, passage de courant, couches d'isolation electrique et d'interface, et de l'electrolyte |
| US6541159B1 (en) * | 1999-08-12 | 2003-04-01 | Reveo, Inc. | Oxygen separation through hydroxide-conductive membrane |
| ATE409947T1 (de) * | 1999-09-24 | 2008-10-15 | Toshiba Kk | Elektrolyt-zusammensetzung, sonnenzelle, die solche elektrolyt-zusammensetzung anwendet, und herstellungsverfahren der sonnenzelle |
| DE10007652A1 (de) | 2000-02-19 | 2001-09-06 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Brennstoffzelle |
| EP1290747B1 (en) * | 2000-06-01 | 2009-02-18 | IdaTech, LLC. | Fuel cells and fuel cell systems containing non-aqueous electrolytes |
| US6977122B2 (en) * | 2001-03-27 | 2005-12-20 | The University Of Chicago | Proton conducting membrane for fuel cells |
| WO2002093667A2 (en) * | 2001-05-14 | 2002-11-21 | Reveo, Inc. | Metal air cell incorporating ionic isolation systems |
| ATE509380T1 (de) * | 2001-05-24 | 2011-05-15 | Ray O Vac Corp | Ionenleitendes additiv für zinkanoden in alkalischen elektrochemischen zellen |
| WO2003009920A1 (en) | 2001-07-25 | 2003-02-06 | Biosource, Inc. | Electrode array for use in electrochemical cells |
| KR100437267B1 (ko) * | 2001-10-17 | 2004-06-23 | 학교법인 서강대학교 | 연료전지용 고분자 전해질 막 및 이의 제조방법 |
| CA2468093C (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2011-10-18 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Additive for rendering inert acidic or halogen-containing compounds contained in olefin polymers |
| US20050011409A1 (en) * | 2001-12-25 | 2005-01-20 | Yasuhide Isobe | Inorganic oxide |
| EP1500158A2 (en) | 2002-02-06 | 2005-01-26 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Methods of removing contaminants from a fuel cell electrode |
| WO2003067691A2 (en) * | 2002-02-06 | 2003-08-14 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Polymer electrolyte membranes for use in fuel cells |
| AU2003210939A1 (en) * | 2002-02-06 | 2003-09-02 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell system |
| US20040229116A1 (en) * | 2002-05-24 | 2004-11-18 | Malinski James Andrew | Perforated separator for an electrochemical cell |
| KR101016268B1 (ko) * | 2002-08-23 | 2011-02-25 | 닛신보 홀딩스 가부시키 가이샤 | 전기 이중층 캐패시터 |
| US20040081867A1 (en) * | 2002-10-23 | 2004-04-29 | Edlund David J. | Distributed fuel cell network |
| US20040081868A1 (en) * | 2002-10-23 | 2004-04-29 | Edlund David J. | Distributed fuel cell network |
| EP1579522A2 (en) * | 2002-12-05 | 2005-09-28 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Methods of removing sulfur from a fuel cell electrode |
| US7250231B2 (en) * | 2003-06-09 | 2007-07-31 | Idatech, Llc | Auxiliary fuel cell system |
| FR2863777B1 (fr) * | 2003-12-16 | 2006-02-17 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Pile a combustible alcaline insensible a la carbonatation. |
| US20100047697A1 (en) * | 2004-01-13 | 2010-02-25 | Stauffer John E | Lead-zinc battery |
| US20130252083A1 (en) | 2004-01-13 | 2013-09-26 | John E. Stauffer | Lead-zinc battery |
| US7947391B2 (en) * | 2004-01-13 | 2011-05-24 | Stauffer John E | Lead-alkaline battery |
| JP4709518B2 (ja) * | 2004-09-29 | 2011-06-22 | 株式会社東芝 | プロトン伝導膜及び燃料電池 |
| DE202004017647U1 (de) * | 2004-11-13 | 2005-01-05 | Sartorius Ag | Brennstoffzellenstapel mit externer Medienversorgung |
| JP4718827B2 (ja) * | 2004-12-24 | 2011-07-06 | 株式会社東芝 | 燃料電池 |
| US20070042233A1 (en) * | 2005-08-19 | 2007-02-22 | Lyman Scott W | Systems and methods for initiating auxiliary fuel cell system operation |
| EP1958285B1 (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2016-02-24 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Polymers for use in fuel cell components |
| DE102005054149A1 (de) * | 2005-11-14 | 2007-05-16 | Basf Ag | Aminhaltige Katalysatortinte für Brennstoffzellen |
| US7887958B2 (en) * | 2006-05-15 | 2011-02-15 | Idatech, Llc | Hydrogen-producing fuel cell systems with load-responsive feedstock delivery systems |
| JP5095249B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-28 | 2012-12-12 | ニッポン高度紙工業株式会社 | 高イオン伝導性固体電解質の製造方法 |
| US7754361B2 (en) | 2007-05-30 | 2010-07-13 | Idatech, Llc | Fuel cell systems with maintenance hydration by displacement of primary power |
| US20080299423A1 (en) * | 2007-05-30 | 2008-12-04 | Laven Arne | Fuel cell systems with maintenance hydration |
| JP4871225B2 (ja) | 2007-07-02 | 2012-02-08 | ニッポン高度紙工業株式会社 | 高イオン伝導性固体電解質及びその製造方法並びに該固体電解質を使用した電気化学システム |
| ITFI20070152A1 (it) | 2007-07-10 | 2009-01-11 | Acta Spa | Dipositivi elettrochimici contenenti membrane e ionomeri polimerici a scambio anionico. |
| EP2212254B1 (en) * | 2007-11-13 | 2017-01-11 | Voltea Limited | Water purification device |
| WO2009083510A2 (de) * | 2008-01-03 | 2009-07-09 | Basf Se | Herstellung von endgruppenfunktionalisierten polydiallylammoniumverbindungen definierter molmasse durch radikalische polymerisation |
| WO2009083509A1 (de) * | 2008-01-03 | 2009-07-09 | Basf Se | Polymere auf der basis von polydiallylammoniumverbindungen, anionenaustauschermembranen enthaltend die polymere und deren verwendung in brennstoffzellen |
| US20110003071A1 (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2011-01-06 | Basf Se | Catalyst ink comprising an ionic liquid and its use in the production of electrodes, ccms, gdes and meas |
| JP4444355B2 (ja) * | 2008-09-03 | 2010-03-31 | 株式会社東芝 | 燃料電池 |
| JP4606487B2 (ja) * | 2008-10-06 | 2011-01-05 | 株式会社トクヤマ | 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池用陰イオン交換膜の製造方法 |
| KR101548691B1 (ko) * | 2008-10-10 | 2015-09-01 | 가부시끼가이샤 도꾸야마 | 음이온 교환막형 연료 전지의 운전 방법 |
| TR200903467A2 (tr) * | 2009-05-04 | 2010-08-23 | Can Aral Aydin | Bir alkali polimer elektrolit membranın sentezlenmesi için bir metot |
| SG176268A1 (en) * | 2009-06-26 | 2012-01-30 | Univ Nanyang Tech | Energy charge storage device using a printable polyelectrolyte as electrolyte material |
| US20110117413A1 (en) * | 2009-11-19 | 2011-05-19 | Yichun Wang | Alkaline Battery Separators with Ion-Trapping Molecules |
| JP5359834B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-08 | 2013-12-04 | 富士電機株式会社 | 固体電解質形燃料電池およびその製造方法 |
| CN102451620B (zh) * | 2010-10-29 | 2014-01-08 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种阴离子交换膜及其制备和应用 |
| WO2012136781A1 (en) * | 2011-04-05 | 2012-10-11 | Acreo Ab | Colloid electrolyte composition |
| AU2012271273B2 (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2017-06-08 | Fluidic, Inc. | Metal-air cell with ion exchange material |
| US11319411B2 (en) * | 2012-04-11 | 2022-05-03 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Solid ionically conducting polymer material |
| US10559827B2 (en) | 2013-12-03 | 2020-02-11 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Electrochemical cell having solid ionically conducting polymer material |
| US11152657B2 (en) * | 2012-04-11 | 2021-10-19 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Alkaline metal-air battery cathode |
| US9742008B2 (en) | 2013-12-03 | 2017-08-22 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Solid, ionically conducting polymer material, and methods and applications for same |
| US12074274B2 (en) | 2012-04-11 | 2024-08-27 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Solid state bipolar battery |
| US9819053B1 (en) | 2012-04-11 | 2017-11-14 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Solid electrolyte high energy battery |
| US11251455B2 (en) | 2012-04-11 | 2022-02-15 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Solid ionically conducting polymer material |
| KR20140017107A (ko) * | 2012-07-30 | 2014-02-11 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 염료 감응 태양 전지 및 겔 전해질의 제조방법 |
| BR122015019867A2 (pt) | 2013-01-14 | 2019-08-27 | Kraton Polymers Us Llc | processo para preparar um copolímero de bloco funcionalizado em amino |
| CN105659412A (zh) | 2013-07-31 | 2016-06-08 | 奥克海德莱克斯控股有限公司 | 用于管理电化学反应的方法和电化学电池 |
| US9923242B2 (en) | 2014-01-23 | 2018-03-20 | John E. Stauffer | Lithium bromide battery |
| CN113659140A (zh) | 2014-04-01 | 2021-11-16 | 离子材料公司 | 固体离子传导聚合物,包含其的阴极和包括该阴极的电池 |
| US9509017B2 (en) | 2014-07-22 | 2016-11-29 | John E. Stauffer | Lithium storage battery |
| US9666898B2 (en) | 2014-07-22 | 2017-05-30 | John E. Stauffer | Storage battery using a uniform mix of conductive and nonconductive granules in a lithium bromide electrolyte |
| US10122002B2 (en) | 2015-01-21 | 2018-11-06 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Thin and flexible solid electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries |
| EP3304620A4 (en) | 2015-06-04 | 2018-11-07 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Solid state bipolar battery |
| JP6944380B2 (ja) | 2015-06-04 | 2021-10-06 | イオニツク・マテリアルズ・インコーポレーテツド | 固体ポリマー電解質を含むリチウム金属バッテリー |
| JP6991861B2 (ja) | 2015-06-08 | 2022-02-03 | イオニツク・マテリアルズ・インコーポレーテツド | アルミニウム負極および固体ポリマー電解質を有するバッテリー |
| US11342559B2 (en) | 2015-06-08 | 2022-05-24 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | Battery with polyvalent metal anode |
| EP3574542A4 (en) | 2017-01-26 | 2020-09-02 | Ionic Materials, Inc. | ALKALINE BATTERY CATHODE WITH SOLID POLYMERIC ELECTROLYTE |
| EP3918112A4 (en) | 2019-02-01 | 2022-10-26 | Aquahydrex, Inc. | ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEM WITH ENCLOSED ELECTROLYTE |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3660170A (en) | 1970-04-08 | 1972-05-02 | Gen Electric | Dendrite-inhibiting additive for battery cell having zinc electrode |
| JPS5851674B2 (ja) | 1978-11-06 | 1983-11-17 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 電池 |
| DE3618840A1 (de) | 1986-06-04 | 1987-12-10 | Basf Ag | Methanol/luft-brennstoffzellen |
| US5250370A (en) | 1992-07-23 | 1993-10-05 | Faris Sades M | Variable area dynamic battery |
| US5643490A (en) * | 1993-10-21 | 1997-07-01 | Sony Corporation | Polymer solid electrolyte composition |
| US5468574A (en) | 1994-05-23 | 1995-11-21 | Dais Corporation | Fuel cell incorporating novel ion-conducting membrane |
| GB9619133D0 (en) | 1996-09-13 | 1996-10-23 | Secr Defence | An electrolyte |
-
1998
- 1998-09-17 US US09/156,135 patent/US6183914B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-09-07 MX MXPA01002831A patent/MXPA01002831A/es not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-09-07 AU AU61372/99A patent/AU743088B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-09-07 KR KR1020017003428A patent/KR20020020871A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-09-07 EP EP99948135A patent/EP1116291A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-09-07 BR BR9913832-8A patent/BR9913832A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-09-07 CN CNB998133922A patent/CN1174510C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-09-07 WO PCT/US1999/020404 patent/WO2000016422A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-09-07 JP JP2000570855A patent/JP2002525803A/ja active Pending
- 1999-09-07 CA CA002344148A patent/CA2344148A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-09-17 TW TW088116173A patent/TW463413B/zh active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1326596A (zh) | 2001-12-12 |
| JP2002525803A (ja) | 2002-08-13 |
| US6183914B1 (en) | 2001-02-06 |
| AU6137299A (en) | 2000-04-03 |
| CN1174510C (zh) | 2004-11-03 |
| HK1042594A1 (en) | 2002-08-16 |
| MXPA01002831A (es) | 2002-04-08 |
| KR20020020871A (ko) | 2002-03-16 |
| TW463413B (en) | 2001-11-11 |
| EP1116291A1 (en) | 2001-07-18 |
| CA2344148A1 (en) | 2000-03-23 |
| WO2000016422A1 (en) | 2000-03-23 |
| AU743088B2 (en) | 2002-01-17 |
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