BRPI0417414A - compósitos de energia diferencial e métodos de fabricação dos mesmos - Google Patents
compósitos de energia diferencial e métodos de fabricação dos mesmosInfo
- Publication number
- BRPI0417414A BRPI0417414A BRPI0417414-3A BRPI0417414A BRPI0417414A BR PI0417414 A BRPI0417414 A BR PI0417414A BR PI0417414 A BRPI0417414 A BR PI0417414A BR PI0417414 A BRPI0417414 A BR PI0417414A
- Authority
- BR
- Brazil
- Prior art keywords
- manufacturing methods
- differential energy
- energy composites
- composites
- differential
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title abstract 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
- B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers of the pads
- A61F13/511—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin
- A61F13/51104—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin the top sheet having a three-dimensional cross-section, e.g. corrugations, embossments, recesses or projections
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers of the pads
- A61F13/511—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin
- A61F13/512—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by its apertures, e.g. perforations
- A61F13/5123—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by its apertures, e.g. perforations the apertures being formed on a multilayer top sheet
- A61F13/5125—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by its apertures, e.g. perforations the apertures being formed on a multilayer top sheet the apertures not being formed through the complete thickness of the topsheet, e.g. blind holes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers of the pads
- A61F13/511—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin
- A61F13/513—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by its function or properties, e.g. stretchability, breathability, rewet, visual effect; having areas of different permeability
- A61F13/51305—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by its function or properties, e.g. stretchability, breathability, rewet, visual effect; having areas of different permeability having areas of different permeability
- A61F13/51311—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by its function or properties, e.g. stretchability, breathability, rewet, visual effect; having areas of different permeability having areas of different permeability the permeability gradient being in the vertical direction
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
- A61F13/537—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
- B32B38/04—Punching, slitting or perforating
- B32B2038/047—Perforating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/728—Hydrophilic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/73—Hydrophobic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2535/00—Medical equipment, e.g. bandage, prostheses or catheter
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2555/00—Personal care
- B32B2555/02—Diapers or napkins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
- B32B37/15—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer being manufactured and immediately laminated before reaching its stable state, e.g. in which a layer is extruded and laminated while in semi-molten state
- B32B37/153—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer being manufactured and immediately laminated before reaching its stable state, e.g. in which a layer is extruded and laminated while in semi-molten state at least one layer is extruded and immediately laminated while in semi-molten state
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31—Surface property or characteristic of web, sheet or block
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
"COMPóSITOS DE ENERGIA DIFERENCIAL E MéTODOS DE FABRICAçãO DOS MESMOS". A presente invenção refere-se a métodos e artigos que são ensinados compreendendo compósitos de energia diferencial. O compósito é uma estrutura unificada compreendendo camadas com energias de superfície diferentes. Um diferencial entre as energias de superfície existe e o acesso pode ser provido através de uma camada para uma outra camada, de modo que os líquidos possam ser puxados para dentro do compósito.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US52789803P | 2003-12-08 | 2003-12-08 | |
| PCT/US2004/041434 WO2005056284A2 (en) | 2003-12-08 | 2004-12-08 | Differential energy composites and methods of manufacturing same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| BRPI0417414A true BRPI0417414A (pt) | 2007-04-10 |
Family
ID=34676789
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| BRPI0417414-3A BRPI0417414A (pt) | 2003-12-08 | 2004-12-08 | compósitos de energia diferencial e métodos de fabricação dos mesmos |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20070212545A1 (pt) |
| EP (1) | EP1701679A4 (pt) |
| JP (1) | JP2007521168A (pt) |
| CN (1) | CN1889905A (pt) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0417414A (pt) |
| WO (1) | WO2005056284A2 (pt) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20130089747A1 (en) | 2011-05-20 | 2013-04-11 | William Maxwell Allen, Jr. | Fibers of Polymer-Wax Compositions |
| JP6612328B2 (ja) * | 2014-09-10 | 2019-11-27 | ザ プロクター アンド ギャンブル カンパニー | 不織布ウェブ |
| US9638685B2 (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2017-05-02 | Tokitae Llc | Flow assay with at least one electrically-actuated fluid flow control valve and related methods |
| WO2016073724A1 (en) | 2014-11-06 | 2016-05-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Crimped fiber spunbond nonwoven webs / laminates |
| BR112019018895A8 (pt) | 2017-03-13 | 2023-02-14 | Tredegar Film Prod Corp | Manta compósita ativada para dispositivos absortivos |
| CN110740717B (zh) | 2017-06-22 | 2022-07-01 | 宝洁公司 | 层压纤维网和具有层压纤维网的吸收制品 |
| US10813797B2 (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2020-10-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Laminate webs and absorbent articles having the same |
| US10258517B1 (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2019-04-16 | Tredegar Film Products Corporation | Fluid distribution material for absorbent articles |
| CN113910735B (zh) * | 2020-07-08 | 2023-12-08 | 厦门巨锐自动化设备有限公司 | 试纸贴膜设备 |
Family Cites Families (34)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3592194A (en) * | 1969-03-05 | 1971-07-13 | Procter & Gamble | Diaper having improved wicking and dryness |
| US4153664A (en) * | 1976-07-30 | 1979-05-08 | Sabee Reinhardt N | Process for pattern drawing of webs |
| US4463045A (en) * | 1981-03-02 | 1984-07-31 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Macroscopically expanded three-dimensional plastic web exhibiting non-glossy visible surface and cloth-like tactile impression |
| US4781962A (en) * | 1986-09-09 | 1988-11-01 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Composite cover material for absorbent articles and the like |
| US5171238A (en) * | 1989-03-16 | 1992-12-15 | The Transzonic Companies | Absorbent pad with fibrous facing sheet |
| CA2123904A1 (en) * | 1991-11-19 | 1993-05-27 | Mohammed Iqbal Aziz | Absorbent article having a nonwoven and apertured film coversheet |
| US5522811A (en) * | 1992-11-30 | 1996-06-04 | Uni-Charm Corporation | Topsheet for use in disposable body fluid absorptive goods |
| JP3061507B2 (ja) * | 1993-03-24 | 2000-07-10 | 三井化学株式会社 | 体液吸収性物品の表面シート、その製造方法、およびその製造装置 |
| JPH0710708A (ja) * | 1993-04-26 | 1995-01-13 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 薬剤含有通気性フィルムおよびその製造法 |
| US5422172A (en) * | 1993-08-11 | 1995-06-06 | Clopay Plastic Products Company, Inc. | Elastic laminated sheet of an incrementally stretched nonwoven fibrous web and elastomeric film and method |
| JPH07124192A (ja) * | 1993-11-01 | 1995-05-16 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 発熱体 |
| CZ288371B6 (en) * | 1994-06-30 | 2001-06-13 | Procter & Gamble | Structure for transport of liquids and process for producing thereof |
| SE508040C2 (sv) * | 1994-11-09 | 1998-08-17 | Moelnlycke Ab | Yttre skikt för en absorberande artikel samt metodför dess tillverkning |
| WO1996026697A1 (en) * | 1995-02-28 | 1996-09-06 | Tredegar Industries, Inc. | Three-dimensional film formed by melt bonding fibers on the surface of a polymeric film |
| JPH0976388A (ja) * | 1995-09-19 | 1997-03-25 | Nippon Kyushutai Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk | 水浸透性複合シート |
| US5658639A (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1997-08-19 | The Proctor & Gamble Company | Method for selectively aperturing a nonwoven web exhibiting surface energy gradients |
| US5628097A (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1997-05-13 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method for selectively aperturing a nonwoven web |
| AU7211296A (en) * | 1995-10-11 | 1997-04-30 | Jacob Holm Industries (France) Sas | Composite nonwovens and methods for the preparation thereof |
| US5626571A (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 1997-05-06 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent articles having soft, strong nonwoven component |
| JP3258909B2 (ja) * | 1996-06-28 | 2002-02-18 | ユニ・チャーム株式会社 | 使い捨ての体液吸収性物品 |
| US5733628A (en) * | 1996-10-10 | 1998-03-31 | Tredegar Industries, Inc. | Breathable elastic polymeric film laminates |
| US6025535A (en) * | 1996-10-28 | 2000-02-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Topsheet for absorbent articles exhibiting improved masking properties |
| JP3712487B2 (ja) * | 1996-12-04 | 2005-11-02 | 三井化学株式会社 | 複合不織布 |
| KR100317400B1 (ko) * | 1996-12-09 | 2001-12-22 | 데이비드 엠 모이어 | 래미네이트 웹 및 그 형성 방법 |
| US5990377A (en) * | 1997-03-21 | 1999-11-23 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Dual-zoned absorbent webs |
| US6383431B1 (en) * | 1997-04-04 | 2002-05-07 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method of modifying a nonwoven fibrous web for use as component of a disposable absorbent article |
| JP3587677B2 (ja) * | 1998-03-26 | 2004-11-10 | ユニ・チャーム株式会社 | 体液吸収性物品の透液性表面シート |
| EP0953324A1 (en) * | 1998-04-28 | 1999-11-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Apertured laminate web |
| WO2000037249A1 (en) * | 1998-12-21 | 2000-06-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Dual apertured composite web and absorbent articles having a topsheet comprising such a web |
| JP3432176B2 (ja) * | 1999-06-29 | 2003-08-04 | ユニ・チャーム株式会社 | プラスチック製複合シートおよびその製造方法 |
| JP2002316359A (ja) * | 2001-04-23 | 2002-10-29 | Mitsui Chemicals Inc | 多孔フィルム・不織布複合シート及びその製造方法 |
| AR037598A1 (es) * | 2001-11-30 | 2004-11-17 | Tredegar Film Prod Corp | Compuesto suave y elastico |
| TWI227196B (en) * | 2002-02-22 | 2005-02-01 | Clopay Plastic Prod Co | Film, laminated sheet and methods of making same |
| US7320948B2 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2008-01-22 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Extensible laminate having improved stretch properties and method for making same |
-
2004
- 2004-12-08 CN CNA2004800362721A patent/CN1889905A/zh active Pending
- 2004-12-08 JP JP2006544023A patent/JP2007521168A/ja active Pending
- 2004-12-08 BR BRPI0417414-3A patent/BRPI0417414A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-12-08 WO PCT/US2004/041434 patent/WO2005056284A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-12-08 US US10/582,313 patent/US20070212545A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-12-08 EP EP04813704A patent/EP1701679A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1701679A4 (en) | 2008-07-16 |
| JP2007521168A (ja) | 2007-08-02 |
| WO2005056284A2 (en) | 2005-06-23 |
| WO2005056284A3 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
| EP1701679A2 (en) | 2006-09-20 |
| US20070212545A1 (en) | 2007-09-13 |
| CN1889905A (zh) | 2007-01-03 |
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