BRPI0720645A2 - CONCENTRATE OF FUEL ADDITIVE, TRAFFIC MODIFIER, FUEL COMPOSITION AND METHOD TO SUPPLY AN INTERNAL FUEL ENGINE - Google Patents

Description

CONCENTRATE FOR FUEL ADDITIVE, TRAFFIC MODIFIER, FUEL COMPOSITION AND METHOD TO SUPPLY PM INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

The present invention relates to a fuel additive concentrate, a fuel additive concentrate in an ethanol-gasoline blending fuel and the method of fueling an internal combustion engine, providing improved fuel economy with fuel economy retention. , deposit control, oxidation control and reduction of wear and friction.

Governments around the world are implementing the use of oxygenated compounds in gasoline for both economic and environmental reasons. Ethanol in particular is gaining ground as the preferred oxygenate as it represents a renewable and environmentally friendly alternative to other octane promoters such as tetraethyl lead (TEL) and methyl t-butyl ether. Additionally, ethanol benefits the agricultural sector and therefore has political support and price support. This, in combination with rising oil prices, the desire for energy independence and the fear of global warming explains the resurgent growth of the ethanol energy market. In the US, ethanol has been available since the late 1970s, being added at a rate of 10% (called ElO) to approximately one third of all gasoline used in North America. Production of fuels blended with ethanol began in Europe, with Spain and Sweden as its pioneers. Brazil has a long history of ethanol use and ethanol blends. Other Latin American countries use varying but increasing levels of ElO. In the Asia Pacific region, Thailand is the leader and ElO 5 is widely available. Other countries in certain regions (but not nationally) include China and India, while Japan, Australia and the Philippines are not far behind.

Gasoline blended with ethanol has a long history and is known to present certain technical challenges, which have been successfully solved in most cases. New markets are likely to face the traditional problems associated with gasoline blended with ethanol, such as the tendency to build up deposits, corrosion of the fuel system, loss of fuel economy and increased grip on feed valves. In most cases, the remedy consists of adjustments in formulation and / or increased additive content, but new gasoline and ethanol mixtures 20 with a higher level (> 50% ethanol - E50 or more) are entering the market and may pose new challenges. Some problems are being tackled through the development of new vehicle technologies, while others will require new additive technologies.

The present invention solves the problem of

ethanol-gasoline blending fuels tendency to form deposits in the engine, oxidation of lubricants and loss of fuel economy by providing fuel additives for ethanol-gasoline blends that prevent engine deposits, slows lubricant oxidation and improves the fuel economy.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a fuel additive concentrate comprising:

The. a polyether amine;

B. an antioxidant; and

ç. a friction modifier selected from the group consisting of an alkoxylated grease amine, a fatty acid or a derivative thereof and a mixture thereof.

The present invention also provides a fuel composition comprising:

The. a fuel, which is liquid at room temperature; and

B. an additive,

wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of a polyether amine, an antioxidant, a friction modifier selected from the group consisting of an alkoxylated grease amine, a fatty acid or such derivative and a mixture thereof; and mixtures thereof.

The present invention also provides a method for supplying an internal combustion engine comprising providing the internal combustion engine with:

i. a fuel that is liquid at temperature

environment;

ii. a polyether amine;

iii. an antioxidant; and iv. a friction modifier selected from the group consisting of an alkoxylated fatty amine, a fatty acid or a derivative thereof, and a mixture thereof. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 5 Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a fuel additive concentrate comprising a polyether amine, an antioxidant and a friction modifier selected from the group consisting of an alkoxylated grease amine, a fatty acid or a derivative thereof, and a mixture of such; a fuel composition comprising a fuel, which is liquid at room temperature, and an additive, wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of a polyether amine, an antioxidant, a friction modifier selected from the group consisting of an amine alkoxylated grease, a fatty acid or derivative thereof, and a mixture thereof, and mixtures thereof; and a method for operating an internal combustion engine with the fuel composition. The 20 concentrates, compositions and methods of the present invention promote engine cleanliness and fuel economy, while controlling the oxidation of lubricants, which allows optimal engine operation.

The fuel

The fuel composition of the present invention

may comprise the fuel additive concentrate as described above and a fuel that is liquid at room temperature and is useful for fueling an engine. The fuel is normally liquid under ambient conditions, for example at ambient temperature (20 to 30 ° C). The fuel may be a hydrocarbon fuel, a non-hydrocarbon fuel, or a mixture thereof. The hydrocarbon fuel may be an petroleum distillate including a gasoline as defined by ASTM D4814, or a diesel type fuel as defined by ASTM D975. In one embodiment of the invention the fuel is a gasoline and in another embodiment the fuel is a leaded or unleaded gasoline. In another embodiment of the present invention, the fuel is a diesel fuel. The hydrocarbon fuel may consist of hydrocarbons prepared by a gas-liquid process to include, for example, hydrocarbons prepared by a process such as the Fischer-Tropsch process. The non-hydrocarbon fuel may be an oxygen-containing composition, often referred to as an oxygenated compound, which may include an alcohol, an ether, a ketone, a carboxylic acid ester, a nitro alkane, or a mixture thereof. Non-hydrocarbon fuel may include, for example, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, methyl t-butyl ether, methyl ethyl ketone, transesterified oils and / or vegetable and animal fats such as rapeseed methyl ester and soy methyl ester, and nitro methane.

In various embodiments of the present invention, the fuel may have an oxygenate content of 15 wt%, or 25 wt%, or 50 wt%, or 65 wt%, or 85 wt%, or 90 wt%. Weight. Mixtures of hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon fuels may include, for example, gasoline and methanol and / or ethanol, diesel and ethanol, and diesel and a transesterified vegetable oil, such as a rapeseed methyl ester, designated fuels. like E85 or M85, fuels designated as alcohol ™. In one embodiment, mixtures of hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon fuels may be defined by ASTM D-5798/99. In various embodiments of the present invention mixtures of hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon fuels may have an oxygenate content of 15 wt%, or 25 wt%, or 50 wt%, or 65 wt%, or 85 wt%. weight, or 90% by weight. In another embodiment, the fuel consists of a mixture of ethanol and gasoline having a ratio of 25:75 to 90:10. In one embodiment of the invention, the fuel may be a water emulsion in a hydrocarbon fuel, a non-hydrocarbon fuel, or a mixture thereof. In various embodiments of the present invention, the fuel may have a sulfur weight content that is 5000 ppm or less, 1000 ppm or less, 300 ppm or less, 200 ppm or less, 30 ppm or less, or 10 ppm or less. In another embodiment, the fuel may have a sulfur weight content of 1 to 100 ppm. In one embodiment, the fuel contains 0 ppm to 100 ppm, or 0 to 500 ppm, or 0 to 100 ppm, or 25 0 to 50 ppm, or 0 to 25 ppm, or 0 to 10 ppm, or 0 to 5 ppm of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, or mixtures thereof. In another embodiment, the fuel contains 1 to 10 parts per million by weight of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, or mixtures thereof. It is well known to those skilled in the art that a fuel containing alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, or mixtures thereof has a greater tendency to form deposits and thus to foul or clog injectors. The fuel of the invention may be present in a fuel composition in a majority amount, which is generally greater than 50 wt%, while in other embodiments it is present above 90 wt%, above 95 wt%. by weight, above 99,5% by weight or above 99,8% by weight.

The Amine Polyether

The polyether amines of the present invention include compounds having two or more consecutive ether groups and at least one primary, secondary or tertiary amine group wherein the amine nitrogen has some basicity. The polyether amines of the present invention include poly (oxyalkylene) amines having a sufficient number of repeated oxyalkylene units to make the poly (oxyalkylene) amine soluble in a normally liquid fuel, such as hydrocarbons boiling in a gasoline or diesel range. and mixtures of hydrocarbon fuels with non-hydrocarbon fuels. Generally, poly (oxyalkylene) 25 amines having at least five oxyalkylene units are suitable for use in the present invention. Poly (oxyalkylene) amines may include: hydrocarbyl poly (oxyalkylene) amines, hydrocarbyl poly (oxyalkylene) polyamines, hydro poly (oxyalkylene) amines, hydro poly (oxyalkylene) polyamines and polyhydric alcohol derivatives having at least two poly (oxyalkylene) chains ) amine and / or poly (oxyalkylene) polyamine in the derivative molecule. In one embodiment, the 5 poly (oxyalkylene) amine for use in the invention is represented by the formula RO (AO) mR 1 NR 2 R 3 (I) wherein R is a hydrocarbonyl group of 1 to 50 carbon atoms, or about 8 to about 3 0 carbon atoms, A is an alkylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms, m is a number from 1 to about 50, R 1 is an alkylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms carbon, preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and R 2 and R 3 are independently hydrogen, a hydrocarbonyl group, or - [R 4 N (R 5) Jn R 6 wherein R 4 is an alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, R 5 and R 6 are independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbonyl group, and n is a number from 1 to 7.

In another embodiment, the poly (oxyalkylene) amine of the present invention may be represented by the formula:

2 0 RO [CH2CH (CH2CH3) OimCH2CH2CH2NH2 (II)

wherein R is an aliphatic group or an alkyl substituted phenyl group of from about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms, wherein R is a number from about 12 to about 30. In another embodiment, the poly (oxyalkylene) amine of the present invention may be represented by the formula:

CH3CH (CH3) [CH2CH (CH3)] 2CH (CH3) CH2CH2O [CH2CH (CH2CH3) O] mCH2CH2CH2-

NH2

(III) wherein m is a number from about 16 to about 28. the poly (oxyalkylene) amines of the present invention may have a molecular weight in the range from about 300 to about 5000.

The polyether amines of the present invention may be

initially prepared by the condensation of an alcohol or alkyl phenol with an alkylene oxide, a mixture of alkylene oxides, or several alkylene oxides sequentially, in a 1: 1 to 50 molar ratio of 10 hydroxide to alkylene to form a polyether intermediate. U.S. Patent Nos. 5,112,364 and 5,264,006 provide reaction conditions for the preparation of a polyether intermediate.

The alcohol may be monohydric or polyhydric, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, and have 1 to 50 carbon atoms, or 8 to 30 carbon atoms, or 10 to 16 carbon atoms. The branched alcohols of the present invention may include Guerbet alcohols as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,264,006, which generally contain from 12 to 40 carbon atoms and may be represented by the formula.

RCH (CH 2 CH 2 R) CH 2 OH (IV)

Where R is a hydrocarbonyl group. In one embodiment, the alkyl group of alkyl phenols may have from 1 to 50 carbon atoms, or 2 to 24 carbon atoms, or 10 to 20 carbon atoms.

In one embodiment, alkylene oxides include 1,2-epoxy alkanes having from 2 to about 18 carbon atoms, or from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms. In another embodiment, the alkylene oxides may be ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxide. Especially useful are propylene oxide, butylene oxide, or a mixture thereof. The number of alkylene oxide units in the polyether intermediate may be

1 to 50, or 12 to 30, or 16 to 28.

Polyether intermediates may be converted to polyether amines by various methods. The polyether intermediate may be converted to an amine polyether by an ammonia reducing amination with a primary amine or a polyamine as described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,112,364 and 5,752,991. The polyether may be converted to an amine polyether by an addition reaction of the polyether with acrylonitrile to form a nitrile, which is then hydrogenated to form the amine polyether. U.S. Patent No. 5,264,006 provides the reaction conditions for the cyanoethylation of the polyether with acrylonitrile and the subsequent hydrogenation for the formation of the polyether amine. In another embodiment, the polyether oxyalkylene alcohol intermediate is converted to the corresponding polyoxyalkylene chloride via a suitable chlorinating agent, followed by displacement of chlorine with ammonia, a primary or secondary amine, or a polyamine. as described in US Patent No. 4,244,701.

In one embodiment, the polyether amine in the fuel composition may be present in an amount from about 1 to about 10,000 ppm, or about 5 to about 5,000, or about 20 to about 4,000, or about 4. 0 to about 3,500 ppm.

In one embodiment, the polyether amine may be present in the fuel additive concentration in an amount from about 1 to about 99% by weight, or about 10 to about 80% by weight, about 20 to about 60%. wt.% and about 20 to about 50 wt.%.

The Friction Modifier

The fuel additive concentrate of the present invention may comprise a friction modifier. The friction modifier may be selected from the group consisting of an alkoxylated fatty amine, a fatty acid, or a derivative thereof, and mixtures thereof. Alkoxylated fatty amines The alkoxylated fatty amine of the present invention

may include the amines represented by the formula:

(A1O) ltH

RN

2OJyH

wherein R 's is a hydrocarbonyl group having from about 4 to 30 carbon atoms, Al and A2 are vicinal alkylene groups, and the sum of x and y is an integer equal to at least 1. the hydrocarbonyl group is a radical monovalent carbon atom which is predominantly hydrocarbon in nature but may have different hydrocarbon substituent groups and may have hetero atoms The hydrocarbonyl group R may be an alkyl or alkylene group of about 4 to 30 carbon atoms, or about 10 to 22 carbon atoms The vicinal alkylene groups A1 and A2 may be the same or different and include: ethylene (-CH2CH2-), propylene (-CH2CH2CH2-) and butylene (-CH2CH2CH2CH2-) having carbon bonds - nitrogen and carbon - oxygen at adjacent or neighboring carbon atoms Examples of alkoxylated fatty amines may include: diethoxylated tallow amine, diethylated oleyl amine, stearyl diethoxylated mine and diethoxylated amine of soybean oil fatty acids. Alkoxylated fatty amines are commercially available from Akzo under the name Ethomeen®. Fatty Acids or Derivatives thereof In one embodiment, the fatty acid or derivative thereof may have from about 4 to 30 carbon atoms, or 8 to 26 carbon atoms, or 12 to 22 carbon atoms. Saturated and unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, including capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, heenic, oleic, petroselinic, elaidic, palmitoleic, linoleic, linolenic and erucic acids are useful. Typical fatty acids are those derived from natural oils, typically containing C6 or C22 fatty acid esters, that is, glycerol fatty acid esters or triglycerides derived from natural sources, including but not limited to tallow oil. beef, swine fat oil, palms oil, castor oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, whale oil, coconut oil, rapeseed oil .

In another embodiment of the present invention, the fatty acid may be a partial ester of a carboxylic fatty acid. The partial ester of the present invention has at least one free hydroxyl group and is formed by the reaction of at least one carboxylic fatty acid and at least one polyhydric alcohol.

The carboxylic fatty acid used to form the

Partial ester may be saturated or unsaturated aliphatic, may be branched or straight chain, may be a monocarboxylic or polycarboxylic acid, and may be a single acid or a mixture of acids. Carboxylic fatty acid 10 may have about 4 to 30 carbon atoms, or 8 to 26 carbon atoms, or 12 to 22 carbon atoms. Saturated and unsaturated monocarboxylic acids are useful and include, for example, capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, heenic, oleic, petroselinic, elaidic, palmitoleic, linoleic acids,

linolenic and erucic.

The polyhydric alcohol used to form the partial ester has two or more hydroxyl groups and includes alkylene glycols, polyalkylene glycols, triols, polyols having more than three hydroxyl groups, and mixtures thereof. Examples of polyhydric alcohols include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, glycerol, trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol and sorbitol.

Partial esters having at least one free hydroxyl group are commercially available, or may be formed by a variety of methods well known to those skilled in the art. Such esters are derived from any of the above described carboxylic fatty acids and polyhydric alcohols and mixtures thereof. Preferred esters are derived from carboxylic fatty acids having about 12 to 22 carbon atoms and glycerol, and will usually be mixtures of mono and diglycerides, such as a mixture of glycerol monoleate and glycerol dioleate. In one embodiment, the friction modifier of the present invention is glycerol monoleate.

Another carboxylic fatty acid derivative is the carboxylic fatty acid amide. Generally, such compounds are the reaction product of natural fatty acids containing from 6 to 22 carbon atoms and an amine. The carboxylic fatty acid of such amides may be saturated or unsaturated aliphatic, may be branched or straight chain, may be a monocarboxylic or polycarboxylic acid, and may be a single acid or a mixture of acids. Carboxylic fatty acid may have about

4 to 30 carbon atoms, or 8 to 26 carbon atoms, or 12 to 22 carbon atoms. Saturated and unsaturated monocarboxylic acids are useful and include, for example, capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, heenic, oleic, petroselinic, elaidic, palmitoleic, linoleic, linolenic and erucic acids.

The amine may be an alkyl amine having from about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms, or about 4 to 25 to about 6 carbon atoms. A typical amine may include alkanol amines. The amine alkanol used in the reaction with the fatty acid may be a primary or secondary amine having at least one hydroxyl group. Amine alkanol corresponds to the general formula HN (R 1 OH) 2-xHx, wherein R 1 is a lower hydrocarbon having from about two to about six carbon atoms, eg 0 or I. The term "alkanol amine" is used in their broadest meaning, including compounds containing at least one primary or secondary amine and at least one hydroxyl group, such as, for example, monoalcanol amines, dialcanol amines and so on. It is believed that almost any amine alkanol can be used, although the preferred alkanol amines are lower alkanol amines having from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms. The amine alkanol may have an O or N functionality in addition to the amino group (such group being a primary or secondary amino group) and at least one hydroxyl group. Suitable alkanol amines for use in the present invention include: monoethanol amine, diethanol amine, propanol amine, isopropanol amine, dipropanol amine, diisopropanol amine, butanol amines, amino ethyl amino ethanols, e.g. (2-amino ethane amino) ethanol and the like, with diethanol amine being preferred. It is also contemplated that mixtures of two or more alkanol amines may be employed.

In one embodiment, the friction modifier may be present in the fuel additive concentrate in an amount from about 1 to about 99% by weight, or about 2 to about 50% by weight, or about 5 to about 5%. 40% by weight, or about 5 to about 30% by weight, in another embodiment of about 8 to about 25% by weight.

In one embodiment, the friction modifier of the present invention may be present in a fuel composition on a weight basis of from about 1 to about 10,000 ppm (parts per million) and in another embodiment from about 5 to about 8000 ppm. , or about 10 to about 7000 ppm, or about 20 to about 5000 ppm, or about to about 2000 ppm, or about 50 to about 1500, or about 40 to about 1000 ppm, or about 40 to about 650 ppm.

The Antioxidant

The present invention also includes one or more antioxidants. Antioxidants for use in the present invention are well known and include a variety of chemical compounds, including sulfide phenates, phospho-sulfurized terpenes, sulfurized esters, aromatic amines and blocked phenols.

Aromatic amines typically have the

formula:

NHRs

Re

Where R5 is a phenyl group, or a phenyl group substituted with R7, and R6 and R7 are independently a hydrogen or an alkyl group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms. Preferably R5 is a phenyl group substituted with R7, and R6 and R7 are alkyl groups containing from four to 20 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, the antioxidant may be a diphenyl amine, such as nonylated diphenyl amine, typically containing part of the formula: Blocked phenol antioxidants are typically alkyl phenols of the formula:

wherein R4 is an alkyl group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms and m is an integer from 1 to 5. In certain embodiments, R4 contains 4 to 18 carbon atoms, or 4 to 12 carbon atoms. R4 may be straight chain or branched chain, especially branched. Suitable values for m include 1 to 4, such as 1 to 3, or in particular 2. In certain well known embodiments, phenol is a phenyl substituted phenol containing 2 or 3 t-butyl groups. When a is 2, t-butyl groups may occupy positions 2 and 6, ie phenol is spatially blocked:

The antioxidant may be, and typically is, also

replaced at position 4 with any of several

substituents such as hydrocarbonyl groups or bridge groups to another blocked phenolic ring. Also included are ester-substituted blocked phenol antioxidants such as those represented by the formula.

wherein t-alkyl may be, among others, t-butyl; R3 is a straight chain or branched chain alkyl group containing from about 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, or about 2 to about 22, or about 2 to about 8, or about 4 to about 4. of 8 carbon atoms. R 3 may be a 2-ethylhexyl group, or an n-butyl or n-octyl group. The ester substituted blocked phenols may be prepared by heating a 2,6-dialkyl phenol with an acrylate ester under basic catalyst conditions such as aqueous KOH.

The antioxidants of the present invention may also include sulfurized olefins, such as mono- or disulfides, or mixtures thereof. Such materials generally have sulfide bonds having from 1 to 10 sulfur atoms, or 1 to 4, or 1 or 2 sulfur atoms. Materials that may be sulfurized to form the sulfurized organic compositions of the present invention include: [oils, fatty acids and esters, olefins and polyolefins made of such terpenes, or diels-25 Alder adducts. Details of the methods of preparing some of such sulfurized materials can be found in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,471,404 and 4,191,659. Molybdenum compounds may also serve as antioxidants. The use of sulfur and molybdenum containing compositions as antioxidants is known.

In certain embodiments, mixtures of antioxidants, such as a phenolic antioxidant and an aromatic amine antioxidant, or phosphosulfurized olefin antioxidants, or a molybdenum antioxidant, or mixtures thereof, are employed.

In one embodiment, the amount of the antioxidant in the fuel composition may be in an amount from about 1 to about 1000 ppm, or about 1 to about 5000, or about 2 to about 500, or about 4 to about 500 ppm. about 200 or about 5 to about 100 ppm.

In one embodiment, the amount of antioxidant present in the fuel additive concentration may be from about 1 to about 99% by weight, or from about 1 to about 40% by weight, or from about 2 to about 2%. 30% by weight, or from about 2 to about 20% by weight.

Fuel Composition

In one embodiment, the fuel composition contains a fuel, which is liquid at room temperature, and an additive, wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of a polyether amine, an antioxidant and a friction modifier selected from the group consisting of by an alkoxylated grease amine, a fatty acid or a derivative thereof, and a mixture thereof. The fuel, which is liquid at room temperature, and the fuel composition additives have been described above.

Fuel Additive Concentrate

In one embodiment, the fuel additive concentrate of the present invention may be present in a fuel composition in an amount of from about 1 to about 10,000 ppm, in another embodiment about 5 to about 8,000 ppm, in another embodiment about 10 to about 5000 ppm or about 20 to about 5000 ppm, in another embodiment about 100 to about 4,000 ppm, and in another embodiment about 200 to about 2,000, or about 300 to about 2000, or about 300 to about 1000 ppm. Generalities

The fuel additive concentrate compositions and fuel compositions of the present invention may contain other additives which are well known to those skilled in the art; they may include anti-knocking agents such as tetraethyl lead and MMT (methyl cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl) compounds, lead scrubbers such as halo alkanes, corrosion inhibitors, dyes, bacteriostatic agents, auxiliaries, gum inhibitors, markers, deactivators. metals, detergents, demulsifiers, or mixtures thereof. The fuel compositions of the present invention may be non-lead containing fuels.

Industrial application

In one embodiment, the invention is useful for a liquid fuel or an internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine includes a two-stroke or four-stroke engine, powered by gasoline, diesel, natural gas, or a mixture of gasoline and alcohol. The diesel engine includes both light duty and heavy duty diesel engines. The gasoline engine includes a direct injection gasoline engine.

As used herein, the term "hydrocarbonyl substituent" or "group

hydrocarbonyl "is used in its normal meaning which is well known to those skilled in the art. Specifically, it refers to a group containing a carbon atom directly attached to the remainder of the molecule and having predominantly a hydrocarbon character. Hydrocarbon groups include: hydrocarbon substituents, i.e. aliphatic substituents (e.g. alkyls or alkenyls), alicyclic substituents (e.g. cycloalkyls, cycloalkenyls) and aromatic, aliphatic and alicyclic substituted aromatic substituents as well as cyclic substituents

20 wherein the ring is completed through another portion of the molecule (for example, two substituents together forming a ring); substituted hydrocarbon substituents, that is, substituents containing groups other than hydrocarbons which, in the context of the present invention, do not alter the predominantly hydrocarbon nature of the substituent (e.g. halo - especially chlorine and fluorine, hydroxyl, alkoxy, mercapto, alkyl mercapto, nitro, nitrous and sulfoxyl); hetero substituents, that is, substituents which, although having a predominantly hydrocarbon character, in the context of the present invention contain elements other than carbon in a ring or chain otherwise consisting of carbon atoms. Hetero atoms include sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen and include substituents such as pyridyl, furyl, thienyl and imidazolyl. Generally, no more than two, preferably no more than one, non-hydrocarbon substituent will be present for every ten carbon atoms in the hydrocarbonyl group; There will typically be no non-hydrocarbon substituent on the hydrocarbonyl group.

It is known that some of the materials described above may interact in the final formulation, so that the components of the final formulation may differ from those initially added. As an example, metal ions (eg from a detergent) may migrate to other acidic or anionic points in other molecules. Products formed in this manner, including products formed when using the composition of the present invention in their intended use, may not be susceptible to easy description. In any event, all of these modifications and reaction products fall within the scope of the present invention. The present invention includes the composition prepared by mixing the above described components.

Each of the above mentioned documents is here

incorporated through your reference. Except in the examples, or where explicitly stated otherwise, all numerical amounts in the present description, specifying quantities of materials, reaction conditions, molecular weights, number of carbon atoms and the like, shall be taken as modified by the expression "about " Unless otherwise indicated, each chemical or composition mentioned above shall be interpreted as

5 being a commercial grade material, which may contain isomers, by-products, derivatives and other similar materials known to be present in the commercial grade. However, the amount of each chemical component is presented independent of any solvent or diluent oil, which may be customarily present in the commercial material, unless otherwise indicated. It should be clear that the upper and lower quantities, range and ratio limits defined herein may be independently combined. Similarly, the bands and quantities for each element of the invention may be used in conjunction with the bands or quantities of any of the other elements. As used herein, the term "consisting essentially of" allows the inclusion of substances that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the composition considered.

Claims (9)

1. Fuel additive concentrate, characterized in that it comprises: a. a polyether amine; B. an antioxidant; and c. a friction modifier selected from the group consisting of an alkoxylated grease amine, a fatty acid or a derivative thereof and a mixture thereof. Fuel additive concentrate according to Claim 1, characterized in that the polyether amine is represented by the formula RO (AO) mR 1 NR 2 R 3, wherein R is a hydrocarbonyl group of about 8 to about 30 atoms. A is an alkylene group having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, m is a number from 1 to about 50, R1 is an alkylene group having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and R2 and R3 are independently hydrogen , a hydrocarbonyl group, or - [R4N (R5)] nR6 wherein R4 is an alkylene group having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, R5 and R6 are independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbonyl group and n is from 1 to 7 . Fuel additive concentrate according to Claim 2, characterized in that the polyether amine is represented by the formula RO [CH 2 CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 where R is an aliphatic group or an alkyl substituted phenyl group of about from 8 to about 30 carbon atoms, and is a number from about 12 to about 30. Fuel additive concentrate according to claim 3, characterized in that the polyether amine is represented by the formula CH3CH (CH3) [CH2CH (CH3)] 2CH (CH3) CH2CH20 [CH2CH (CH2CH3) O] mCH2 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2, where m is a number from about 16 to about 28. Fuel additive concentrate according to Claim 1, characterized in that the antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of a blocked phenol or derivatives thereof, blocked amines or derivatives thereof and mixtures thereof. Friction modifier as described in claim 1, characterized in that the friction modifier is glycerol monoleate. 7. Fuel composition, comprising: a. a fuel, which is liquid at room temperature; and b. an additive, characterized in that the additive is selected from the group consisting of a polyether amine, an antioxidant, a friction modifier selected from the group consisting of an alkoxylated grease amine, a fatty acid or a derivative thereof, and a mixture of such; and mixtures thereof. Fuel composition according to claim 7, characterized in that the fuel comprises a mixture of ethanol and gasoline having a ratio of 25:75 to 90:10. Method for fueling an internal combustion engine, comprising providing to the internal combustion engine: i. a fuel that is liquid at room temperature; ii. a polyether amine; iii. an antioxidant; and iv. a friction modifier selected from the group consisting of an alkoxylated fatty amine, a fatty acid or a derivative thereof, and a mixture thereof.