BRPI0804554A2 - automated charcoal production process and equipment with continuous weight and temperature monitoring - Google Patents

Abstract

The object of the present invention is an automated charcoal production technology, represented by a process and its respective equipment, based on metallic furnaces. generated in the carbonization process. The combustible gases, generated by the biomass carbonization process, can be sent for burning in a furnace coupled to the metal furnace, in which the combustion occurs, generating hot gases, with temperatures above 800 <198> C. These hot gases can be used at various stages of the carbonization process, such as pre-drying, drying, pre-carbonization and / or biomass carbonization, or in a second thermal process, such as drying organic or inorganic products, generating steam, heating operations, heat exchange, metallurgical processes, etc. The present invention patent - "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE COAL PRODUCTION PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT WITH WEIGHT AND TEMPERATURE MONITORING", is a solution to the five crucial and inseparable problems of the carbonization process carried out in conventional masonry kilns, because it enables: 1 - mechanized operation with process control and automation; 2 - recovery of virtually 100 <sym> of the energy contained in wood while alive or green, 3 - higher product quality - charcoal - since the process can be controlled automatically and continuously, 4 - continuous production by alternation of process steps sequentially and at certain times, 5 - higher coal productivity, this means higher coal production, in less time, by the same equipment, by reducing the times of each process step.

Description

"AUTOMATED VEGETABLE DECARVEN PRODUCTION PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT WITH WEATHER AND WEATHER MONITORING".

Fields of this Patent.

Carbonization of biomass.

Automation in biomass carbonization.

Quality and standardization in biomass coal production.

Economy in carbonization of biomass.

Environmental protection in biomass coal production.

Work Hygiene in biomass coal production.

Technical, economic and social benefits of the subject matter of this Patent.

The object of the present invention patent is an automated charcoal production technology, represented by a process and its equipment, based on metallic furnaces, which together allows continuous or batch operation, with or the use of combustible gases generated in the process. carbonization.

The combustible gases generated by the biomass carbonization process can be sent for burning in a furnace coupled to the furnace, in which the combustion occurs, generating hot gases, with temperatures above 800 ° C.

These hot gases can be used in various stages of the carbonization process, such as pre-drying, drying, pre-carbonization and / or carbonization of biomass, or in a second thermal process, such as drying organic or inorganic products, steam generation, heating, heat exchange, metallurgical processes, etc.

It is of great economic and technical value that the object of this patent allows to use - in the carbonization process itself - the combustible gases generated in the carbonization process, that is, to use the thermal energy derived from the combustion of such gases to process the carbonization during its endothermic stage. , with great technical, economic and environmental protection advantages.

State of the art.

Annually, more than ten million tons of coal are produced and consumed in Brazil, and of this total, approximately 60% are produced with eucalyptus wood from reforestation. About 70% of Brazilian industrial charcoal works with traditional masonry ovens that do not have a system to harness the energy released during the exothermic process stage, that is, after drying the wood. These furnaces do not allow a control of the properties of the charcoal produced, since such control is done only visually by the workers, who control the carbonization as a parameter to the coloration, the gaseous or vapor effluents, that is, the smoke that are released directly to the environment.

The thermal decomposition of the woody biomass presents two main and distinct stages: the first one consists in the drying of the wood - endothermic stage - and the second one consists in the release of volatile compounds, which have relatively high calorific power, that is, in the proper carbonization, which is an exothermic stage. .

Biomass - which in the case of this Patent Report will refer, for simplicity of description only to firewood - presents, after cutting, around 50% moisture in the form of unbound or free water and approximately 10% of composition water, that is, in the form of a solution of compounds such as soluble tar, acetic acid, among others. This solution is called pyroligneous liquor.

After eliminating all free water, or wood moisture, the wood will average the following composition by weight: 35% pyroligneous liquor, 33% coal, 25% non-condensable gas and 7% of insoluble tar.

After drying, during the exothermic step, carbonization is a self-sustaining process, ie there is no need for energy injection to continue the process. In this phase, which lasts approximately 30 to 50% of the entire carbonization cycle, the generation and elimination of non-condensable gases, carbon monoxide and dioxide, hydrogen, as well as acetic acid, methanol, soluble tar, among others, occur.

Part of the fumes originating from the pyrolysis or carbonization bed of the biomass can be condensed to the pyroligneous liquor which, after decanting, separates into two phases: an aqueous phase containing alcohols, ketones and other low molecular weight volatile compounds and an oil phase called tar. vegetable, which is composed of water, creosote (mixture of volatile phenols) and polymeric tar.

More than 400 compounds have been identified in the wood tar, and some of them, such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons can have a strong environmental and occupational health impact.

On average, the chemical composition of the gases is as follows: 32% CO2, 19% CO, 5% CH4, 1% H2 - which together form the non-condensable fraction - 4% methanol, 11% acetic acid and 27%. % of tar, corresponding to the condensable fraction. Of these compounds, with the exception of carbon dioxide, all the others are combustible and have calorific power between 1,000 to 5,000kcal / Nm3.

The release of these combustible compounds into the atmosphere, or their non-utilization in any form, corresponds on average to the non-recovery of energy of the order of 1Gcal per ton of wood.

This energy represents more than 40% of all the energy contained in the wood, thus signifying an energy waste of equal order of magnitude.

Although, as we said above, most coal mining in Brazil throws volatile fractions into the atmosphere, but it has long been known that the use of these combustible gases and vapors from carbonization as a source of energy for secondary processes has the following advantages. operational, environmental and unsafe: - allows direct contact of the gas combustion products with the charge / biomass to be heated, with reduction in energy consumption, necessary for the biomass drying step,

- the elimination of CH4, methane gas, from the generated gases, with huge environmental gains, since methane has a greenhouse effect twenty-one times higher than carbon dioxide, CO2,

- ease of ignition even with cold combustion chamber,

- need for low level of excess combustion air, optimizing energy use and reducing the formation of nitrogen oxides (Nox),

- avoids contamination of the environment as there is no emission of pollutants such as soot, sulfur oxides, vanadium, sodium, aldehydes, lead etc. as with liquid and solid fuels,

- optimization of the energy utilization rate of wood, avoiding waste or energy loss to the environment,

- optimization of coal productivity, since the endothermic and exothermic stages are carried out independently, reducing or avoiding the consumption of wood for the drying step,

- possible reduction in the cost of firewood or planted biomass by increasing the biomass-coal conversion factor,

- harnessing or recovering the energy contained in the wood in the form of condensable and non-condensable degasses,

In addition to energy loss, another important and significant loss is the low gravimetric yield obtained in traditional masonry kilns.

In these furnaces, the carbonization process occurs with a single control, this control being visual only. That is, the process starts after ignition promoted by the carbonizer and then progresses by itself, undergoing the new intervention only at the end of the process, when the carbonizer perceives or defines by the coloration of smoke that the process is completed.

This visual control is subject to numerous flaws such as: - individual variation of visual quality,

- appear subjective without possibility of quantification,

- impossibility of percentage or numerical assessment of the operator and of his work tool,

- interference of the assessment by solar radiation of the day and / or observation period or even by weather conditions,

- difficult to systematize process,

The operation of conventional biomass carbonization furnaces by visual and subjective control significantly interferes with the process efficiency, whose gravimetric results of yield - dry weight of dry wood portoneled coal - are of the order of only 25%, that is, obtain In this type of process, only one tonne of dry coal is used for every four tonnes of dry wood.

This is the state of the art practiced in charcoal practice: - yielding only one tonne of dry coal for every four tons of drywood, release into the atmosphere of vapors and combustible gases with loss of 1 Gcal per tonne of charred wood.

Advances in the state of the art brought by the subject matter of this patent.

These figures, presented above as State of the Art, represent a loss of around 32% of wood, that is, for each ton of coal produced in traditional masonry ovens, four tons of wood are consumed and, with the ovens, object of this Patent - which we will henceforth call, for textual ease simply as "OvensContainers", which are metallic and not masonry, for every ton of charcoal produced consumes only three tons of firewood.

The gravimetric yield of the "Container Ovens" is now around 33%, that is, one tonne of charcoal can be obtained for every three tons of dry firewood, ie the "Container Ovens". are at least 33.3% more efficient than conventional ovens. To this high gravimetric efficiency achieved by the "Container Ovens", we add the high productivity and quality that will be described in a short time, which is mainly due to the possibility that , the biomass carbonization process can be performed in a controlled and automated manner.

In addition to these significant economic advantages of productivity and energy and input savings, "Container Ovens" are environmentally friendly in all technical, social and economic phases of biomass use.

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION OF THE "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE COAL PRODUCTION PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT, CONTINUOUS WEIGHT AND TEMPERATURE COMMITMENT", PURPOSE.

This Patent - "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE COAL PRODUCTION PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT, CONTINUOUS WEIGHT AND TEMPERATURE COMMITMENT", hereinafter referred to only as "Container Ovens", for simplicity of text - is a solution to the five crucial and inseparable problems of the decarbonization process. executed in conventional masonry ovens, because it enables:

1 - mechanized operation with process control and automation;

2 - recovery of virtually 100% of the energy contained in wood while living or green,

3 - higher product quality - charcoal - since the process can be controlled automatically and continuously,

4 - production continuously by alternating the process steps sequentially and with determined times,

5 - higher coal productivity, this means higher coal production, less time, by the same equipment, by reducing the times of each process step.With the use of "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE COAL PROCESSING AND EQUIPMENT, WITH CONTINUOUS MONITORING WEIGHT AND TEMPERATURE ", as object of this Patent, the carbonization of the wood can be performed continuously or semi-continuously, in a very short time compared to the conventional process in steel furnaces, whose carbonization period comprises on average 10 to 15 days.

The carbonization process in the "Container Ovens", object of this patent, semi-continuous or continuous, allows a great reduction in the cycle time and consists, among other significant technical aspects, described below, to carbonize the wood under slight negative pressure, obtained. by the suction - exerted by an exhaust - of the gases and vapors generated during the process.

The operation of the carbonization process in low pressure conditions leads to the formation of a gaseous flow, responsible for the dragging of the generated evaporative gases, with increase of their exit velocity. Thus, the total carbonization cycle has a duration of less than 24 hours, and the carbonization stage has a time of less than 8 hours.

Continuous carbonization occurs in cycles, or repetitions of the 5 stages, which occur simultaneously from the following sequence:

1 - loading,

2 - pre-drying, drying, roasting or pre-carbonization,

3 - carbonization,

4 - cooling,

5 - unloading.

The maximum time of each step is 8 hours, allowing the conduction of 3 cycles daily for each set of 4 ovens. For consistent biomass of thinwood, antlers, grass, etc., the average carbonization time is less than 4 hours, which allows at least 6 runs per day to be conducted. For the process to take place continuously, with large scale production, multiply this process unit consisting of 4 ovens by multiples of 4 such as 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 ovens, etc.

Another possible layout for conducting continuous cycles is to install "n" oven batteries for each step of the process, these batteries being connected by intermediate furnaces. That is, an oven-shaped battery supplies carbonized combustible gases to one or as many furnaces as necessary. These generate hot gases which are driven to another furnace battery to be charred, which generate combustible gases to a second furnace battery, from which hot gases are carried to a second furnace. third batch of furnaces and so on until the desired production is achieved.

In the sequence previously described, there is always a battery of furnaces being charged with biomass and, in the sequence, there is always another battery of furnaces in cooling process for subsequent discharge.

It is also possible to make available the combustible gases generated in the first furnace battery to be inserted into a second furnace battery directly, ie without passage and combustion in the furnaces. The energetic potential of these first batch gases will provide sufficient energy to provide the necessary energy in the endothermic step of the second batch furnace carbonization process and so on.

The energy contained in the gases from the carbonization process of 1 ton of wood with humidity around 20%, is enough to dry this humidity and still have a surplus of energy, around 70% of the initial energy.

As already mentioned, if the combustion of the gases in furnaces is chosen, the hot gases generated can be used in the drying, pre-drying, pre-carbonization and / or carbonization of the biomass contained in other ovens. The "Container Ovens" can be built. in various dimensions and shapes, with rectangular, square, circular or any other horizontal sections.

In order for the biomass carbonization process to develop in a mechanized and automated manner, the "Container Ovens" have side openings or holes in their surfaces, which may also have their tops or bases present, which openings are intended to allow entry. process air.

Such openings, or holes, have diameters that may change as needed and design dimensions.

Besides the possibility of varying their diameters, the number of holes or openings per square meter of the surface area of the "Container Ovens" may also vary depending on the specificity of each project and / or product, in terms of percentage of fixed carbon. , which one wishes to obtain.

These holes can be connected through an external degassing sleeve, as will be explained below - which is a remarkable advance in the State of the Art - or directly to air intake control valves, which may be of various types, such as such as ball valves, for example, whose closures or openings may be performed by pneumatic handling systems connected to them, which are controlled by specific software resident in PLCs or any other computer equipment.

In addition to these valves, the "Container Ovens" have a continuous weight monitoring system, such as a load cell or pendulum balance.

The "Container Ovens" also have a temperature measurement system, such as K-type thermocouples, contact thermocouples, infrared sensors or any other.

Thus, due to the presence of valves designed to control the process input and the operation thereof by pneumatic mechanisms, the existence of properly located temperature sensing elements and programmable control centers, represented by PLCs or other suitable computer equipment, mechanized operation. The automated method of a "Container Oven" will be as follows: - Depending on the temperatures measured at specific points in the interior and / or surface of the oven and the weight loss of the biomass load being charred, the specific software plots the "loss of temperature" curve. weight as a function of time ", which is the weight loss that is due to the volatilization of the firewood gases when transformed into coal.

As a function of the plotted curve and its comparison with the standard "weight loss over time" curve, the system-specific software indicates whether the process is in accordance with the pattern or how much it is lagging behind, in advance or delay.

When detecting lags between a running carbonization curve and the chosen standard curve, the specific software acts or informing the operator, visuals, audible alarms etc. in which regions of the "Container Oven" has not yet reached the carbonization temperature and / or which or which regions of the wood exceeded the carbonization limit temperature, indicating the manual operation that the operator should perform.

Such actuations can also be performed automatically by the specific software acting directly through actuating mechanisms of automation on the valves in order to open them if the process is delayed or to close them if the process is advanced.

The specific software not only allows dichotomous "fully open or close valve" actuations - "on-off" actuation - but also allows the valves to be gradually opened or closed with ultra-fine adjustments to achieve high degree of process control.

The "Container Ovens", unlike conventional ovens, which are built in masonry, are metallic and can be made of carbon, carbon steel alloys, cast iron, stainless steel or any other material that has the necessary thermal and mechanical resistances, capable of allowing they are cylindrical, polyhedral in shape, or any other configuration which enables the firewood to be accommodated.

The "Container Ovens" may or may not be lined with an insulating jacket and may be placed in an overhead or underground position, in order to conserve part of the heat generated in the process and which radiates into the atmosphere from its metallic surface. ; Naturally, by preventing heat loss, there are gains in thermal energy that remain in the process, which implies a faster increase in process temperatures and also in productivity gains.

For this purpose, the "Container Ovens" may also be coated with insulating blanket or refractory material.

As inherent to the biomass carbonization process, the initiation of the process requires external heat source or ignition of fuels added to the mass to be carbonized, or both simultaneously, which resources will be responsible for the energy supply of the endothermic process step.

In the present invention patent, the ignition - or "start-up" of the process - may occur from the bottom, top and / or sides of the furnace.

The top of the "Container Oven" consists of a steel sheet "roof", usually in a conical shape, which can be otherwise a roof that has controlled air intake holes inside it and has an opening for the introduction of forest residues and / or biomass for the initial ignition of the carbonization process. It is through this opening that sticks, pellets, forest residues, or any biomasses that behave as solid fuels that can be quickly ignited are introduced to ignite the biomass charge that will be carbonized.

The "Container Oven", for better control of process air intake, may also have one or more rows of pipes, holes, openings, or windows, arranged sequentially, or interspersed, at one or more levels at a height and a or more positions in the horizontal direction. Process initiation, or ignition, may also occur from these openings; through them, atmospheric air should be allowed to feed the process oxygen and maintain the ignition front, necessary for the conduction of the carbonization process. These openings have a similar function to the "baianas" and "armadillos" of traditional masonry ovens.

These openings are provided with devices such as control valves or any other mechanism to close them as the load is ignited and the kinetics of the carbonization process are established.

Thus, as the process - or carbonization line - moves from top to bottom along the "Container Oven", these openings for controlled air intake from the initial ignition process will be closed manually and / or automatically.

Thus, the process sequence is as follows: ignition can start in the upper, lower and / or lateral region of the furnace, and the process input is controlled. Thereafter, the heat flow generated should rise inside the oven and after reaching the top will begin to descend, percolating the wood, conducting heat and promoting carbonization. The air intakes of these regions are then gradually closed. Afterwards the carbonization occurs in the intermediate region and then the pipes of this zone are closed and finally the carbonization occurs at the base of the furnace, through the controlled inlet. After this, the last process air inlets are sealed.

The furnace can be subdivided into as many regions, zones or layers as necessary or appropriate to the process, depending on the furnace size and system layout.

In addition to the side openings, internal, transverse furnace tubes can be counted as extensions of the side holes through which process air enters. These pipes may have a variable length, from 1% to 100% of the furnace diameter, they should have holes in their surface and should preferably be positioned horizontally and may be internally anchored to prevent warping and / or deformation. Holes on their surface may vary in size and quantity as needed.

The function of such pipes - which is an important innovation presented by the object of this patent - is to bring process air to the innermost parts of carbonizing biomass, which is impossible to do, since process air inlet holes, which are on the surface of the furnace walls, release air only in this region and not directly inside the biomass charge to be charred.

So far, we have broadly described both the process and the equipment and its innovative parts that enable such a process.

Before moving on, as follows, to the detailed illustrations and description of the equipment and its parts, we will summarize the functional outcome of the "Container Ovens" so that when analyzing the figures and description of operation, it is clear why the The object of this patent is capable of making the remarkable advances in the State of the art previously mentioned, which can be summarized in:

1 '- greater than 30% increase in gravimetric yield and at least 10 times higher in productivity (kg / h charcoal) when compared to masonry kilns, with the consequent savings of wood, energy and environmental protection by not launching in the atmosphere of gaseous effluents or in a vapor state;

2 '- increased productivity of furnaces operating individually, or forming furnace assemblies or batteries, by greatly reducing the process time from 10 to 15 days of conventional furnaces to about 24 hours between biomass loading and charcoal, in this carbonization process in "Furnaces Containers",

3 '- Achieving quality and maintenance of the standardization of the coal produced due to the mechanized and automated operation of the furnaces, as use of computer resources that guarantee absolute process control, aided by the absolute control of the carbonization process air intake and its access to all. the points inside the ovens.

Description of the Equipment Concerning the Object of This Patent

"AUTOMATED VEGETABLE DECARVEN PRODUCTION PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT WITH WEATHER AND WEATHER MONITORING".

Figure 1 is a side sectional view of the equipment concerning the object of this Patent - "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE COAL PRODUCTION PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT, WITH CONTINUOUS WEIGHT AND TEMPERATURE MONITORING" - represented by the so-called "FornoContainer" during the development of this Report; it shows:

■ Container oven (1);

■ Container Oven base cover (2) (1);

■ Handle for carrying (3) the Container Oven (1);

■ Atmospheric air intake holes (4) inside the Container Oven (1), which can be located anywhere on the surface of the Container Oven (1);

■ Exhaust piping of gases generated by carbonization of firewood (5);

■ Top cover (6) of Container Oven (1);

■ Liner for gas flow distribution (7);

■ Masonry jacket for thermal insulation (8);

■ Carbonization gas outlet pipe (9);

■ Exhaust hood for carbonization gases (10);

■ Carbonization gas inlet regulating device (11) for the firing chamber (11); Combustion secondary air inlet pipe (12) to the firing chamber (16);

■ Secondary combustion air injection fan (13) for firing chamber (16);

■ Device for regulating the secondary air flow of combustion (14) to the firing chamber (16); Device for regulating the air flow (15) for the drying, pre-drying or secondary carbonization furnace (21); (16);

Extractor hood for gas suction (17) combustion chamber (16);

Device for controlling the outlet of gases (18) from the burning chamber (16);

Exhaust chimney (19) from the firing chamber (16);

Piping for passage of gases (20) from the firing chamber (16) to the pre-drying, drying or secondary carbonization furnace (21) and / or any other thermal process;

Drying, pre-drying or secondary carbonization oven (21);

Gas inlet chamber (22) from the burning chamber (16) in the secondary pre-drying, drying or decarbonising furnace (21);

Gas outlet piping after firewood pre-drying, roasting and / or pre-carbonization (23);

Extractor for suction gases (24) from the pre-drying, drying or secondary carbonization furnace (21);

Chimney for exiting process gases (25) from the drying, pre-drying or secondary carbonization furnace (21);

Thermocouples (26);

Piping to pass the gases generated in the carbonization (27) of the Container Oven (1) to promote pre-drying, drying, roasting and / or carbonization in the pre-drying, drying or secondary carbonization furnace (21);

Device for regulating the flow of gases (28) in the pipe to pass the gases generated in the carbonization (27);

Piping for the passage of hot gases (29) generated in the firing chamber (16) for supplying power for a second thermal process ■ Device for regulating the flow of hot gases (30) for a second process;

■ Thermal device (31), which utilizes the hot gases generated in the firing chamber (16) for any other thermal processes other than carbonization;

■ Exhaust system (32) of the gases generated inside the OvenContainer (1);

• Gas suction control valves (33) generated inside the Container Oven (1);

• Continuous weighing system (34) of the Container Oven (1);

■ Continuous internal surface temperature mapping system (35) over the entire length of the Container Oven (1);

■ Computerized automation system (36) for opening and closing the air inlet valves inside the Container Oven (1) and integrated process monitoring, control and actuation by means of software, weight, temperature and command inputs. opening and closing valves and / or operator alert.

■ Device for regulating the flow of hot gases from drying, roasting and / or pre-carbonization (37) to the pre-drying box (38) and / or chimney (25);

■ Pre-drying box (38);

■ Grate (39) arranged at the bottom of the pre-drying box (38);

■ Conductive tunnel (40) for the flow of hot gases from drying, roasting and / or pre-carbonization towards the grate (39) for pre-drying the firewood.

Description of the operations and Process of the subject matter of this Patent

"AUTOMATED VEGETABLE DECARVEN PRODUCTION PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT WITH WEIGHT AND WEATHER CONTINUOUS MONITORING" .The firewood is placed inside the Container Oven (1), which after closing can be inserted into the Thermal Insulation Masonry Jacket (8) to reduce losses. and has a metallic top cover (6), and all of its outer, upper, lateral and / or lower surface may or may not have a thermal insulation coating.

Process air may be admitted from the bottom, top, or sides of the FurnaceContainer (1) and may simply be atmospheric or enriched air, not oxygen, and the air inlet may be controlled by a valve, door or any other system. type of obstruction to the flow drug. During the initial ignition process of the Container Furnace (1), the air intake in the furnace is regulated by the atmospheric air inlet holes (4) into the Container Furnace (1), which can be located anywhere on the surface of the Container Furnace. (1) One or more of these holes may be used for the admission of atmospheric air openings in the regions where the process is to be initiated.

The start up can then be performed in any of the regions of FornoContainer (1), ie, by the base, top and / or sides, generally being taken based on several factors, such as shape and size of the same, type of biomass. , form of packaging of firewood, among others.

The base lid (2) of the Container Oven consists of a perforated lid, with holes whose diameters vary according to the diameter of the wood and / or dimensions of the biomass to be carbonized and whose function is to allow the flow of gas and prevent the passage of pieces. firewood or biomass; It is through the holes in the base cover (2) that the gases from the carbonization are conducted. These gases are suctioned by the devices that form an exhaust system, the components of which are the outlet pipe of the gases generated by the carbonization of the firewood (5). outlet of carbonization gases (9) and exhaust for suction of carbonization gases (10).

The various tubular components of this exhaust system can be connected to the Container Oven (1) by the base, top and / or sides, so that the carbonization process will be carried out with absolute control over the circulation of gases inside the Container Oven (1). The gas suction can occur through the most varied combinations of openings for gases from carbonization, thus optimizing the control and productivity of carbonization, controlling the suction points of gases from carbonization.

An innovative part of the Container Furnace carbonization process is the object of this Patent that the carbonization gases as soon as they are generated are suctioned by the exhaust system and this control allows the flow of gases to be conducted or directed in the proportion and location where it is produced. generated over the time of the process, avoiding the accumulation of gasese / or their concentration, thus optimizing the kinetics and homogenization of the process.

The Container Oven (1), Patent Equipment for "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE COAL PRODUCTION PROCESS WITH WEIGHT AND TEMPERATURE CONTINUOUS MONITORING" has a computerized automation system (36), consisting of thermocouples (26), suction control valves, gases (33) generated within the Container Oven (1), Container Oven continuous weighing system (34) (1), Continuous Surface and Internal Temperature Mapping System (35) throughout the length of the Container Oven (1), opening and closing of the air intake valves inside the Container Oven (1) and integrated process monitoring, control and actuation system, through specific software, resident in PLCs or any suitable computer resources, with weight, temperature and command inputs. opening and closing valves and / or visual or audible alerts to operators, so that the different phases of thermal decomposition of the firewood can be accompanied adjusted and adjusted by the operator-operated or non-operator-operated system, referring to technical and scientific standards, overcoming with numerous advantages the use of subjective smoke observation criteria typical of the process and conventional masonry.Working of "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE COAL PROCESSING AND EQUIPMENT" , WITH CONTINUOUS WEIGHT AND TEMPERATURE MONITORING "in the operation of the Container Oven (1) objectof this Patent.

After firewood has been introduced into the Container Oven (1), either manually or by mechanical means such as cranes, the lid (2) of the OvenContainer (1) is closed and secured to it.

The furnace is then lifted by the carrying handle (3) and is introduced, after pre-drying, drying and / or roasting, to a support positioned over the carbonization pit and the initial ignition can be carried out through the side openings (4). and / or through the openings in the oven top (6).

To perform the initial ignition, low-quality forest waste or firewood or any biomass or energy source that is sufficient to generate the heat needed to initiate carbonization of the biomass, wood, or spilled firewood is burned.

The hot gases generated from the ignition process reach the inside of the container oven (1) and exchange heat with the biomass charge promoting its thermal decomposition.

The initial ignition process is maintained until the ignition front is formed inside the biomass bed, which can be seen through the atmospheric air intake holes (4), from there, the atmospheric air inlets inside the metal furnace are sequentially closed to provide a downward carbonization flow, and the closure of these atmospheric air intake holes (4) may occur automatically and / or manually.

Water vapor, smoke and gases generated in the carbonization bed are suctioned by the exhaust for suction of the carbonization gases (10) so that the exhaust system (32) of the gases generated inside the Container Furnace (1) may be functionally connected to the base, top and / or sides of the Container Furnace (1). Gas suction may occur through the base or the entire surface of the oven, ie top and side wall; This process is possible due to the presence of the gas flow distribution jacket (7) such that the volume between the furnace wall and this liner will be connected to the interior of the furnace through openings in the wall. In other words, there will be two types of openings in the wall of the Container Oven (1): openings that connect the inside of the same with the gas flow distribution jacket (7) and openings that extend beyond the gas flow distribution jacket (7), connecting it inside the Container Oven (1) with the outside. The Container Furnace (1) can be divided into as many regions as are considered important or necessary and the gas flow or exhaust can be performed by region consecutively, simultaneously or can be performed only in a single region, ie base, middle or top. The process may further operate this jacket for gas flow distribution (7) so that air inlet may occur directly through the holes inside the furnace without this gas distribution.

The control and direction of the gas flow shall be controlled by the gas suction control valves (33) generated inside the Container Oven (1), and this arrangement allows at the same time the controlled entry into the oven. and suction of gases from any furnace region.

The control and direction of the gas flow may also be controlled by opening and closing the valves, which may be installed in the oven's inner wall without the presence of the gas flow distribution jacket (7).

The carbonization process is monitored by means of etermopar gauges (26) strategically placed inside the furnace, so that when the carbonization ends, a large part of the wood volume becomes occupied by the charcoal formed and the temperature remains practically homogeneous. the full length of the oven. From there, the furnace is again lifted and moved by gantry or crane to the cooling location. Coal cooling time is less than 10 hours. Cooling can occur by convection, by conducting heat through the oven's metal walls, by spraying water inside the oven, by absorbing heat and spraying water, or by flowing the gas inside the oven by a non-contact heat exchanger. .

Each carbonization unit may work with one or more FurnacesContainers (1).

The logistics work as follows: - The firewood truck unloads it in the yard and is timely introduced manually or by crane into the pre-drying box (38). Pre-drying occurs through the passage of hot gases from the drying, pre-drying or secondary carbonization furnace (21) and such gases have a temperature below 200 ° C.

The pre-drying process can last from 10 to 50 hours on average. The pre-drying box (38) consists of a masonry wall structure, supported on the floor, with a grid (39) made of steel plate at the base.

This grate (39) is supported over the conducting tunnel (40) of the flow of hot gases from drying, roasting and / or pre-carbonization towards the grate (39) for pre-drying the firewood.

Pre-drying may be done in the pre-drying box (38) with grate (39) and hot gas flow or it may occur naturally, exposed to the weather. Pre-drying is a thermal process consisting in the removal of much of the free water present in the wood and / or biomass; Pre-drying occurs by reducing the initial moisture content of the firewood, from around 50% to 60%, to a content below 20%.

After pre-drying, firewood and / or biomass with moisture content around 10% to 20% should be transported, manually or mechanically, for drying, pre-drying or secondary carbonization furnace (21).

At this operational stage the Container Oven (1) is tipped over and supported by a pallet. After the wood is inserted inside it, it is closed or locked with the base cover (2). Then the whole is weighed and discounting the weight of the metal structure, there is the weight of the hanging wood. The drying and / or roasting of the firewood then begins.

Drying and / or roasting consists of removing residual moisture still contained in the firewood and further removing some of the volatile compounds present.

Drying and / or roasting is promoted by the injection of gas from the burning chamber (16), the temperature of which may exceed 200 ° C.

After drying and / or roasting, the Container Oven (1), containing the dried and / or pre-charred firewood, must be transported or moved by means of a gantry and / or crane to the charring position. In the carbonization pit, the furnace is coupled to the combustion chamber (16) by means of dubulation (5). The combustion chamber 16 may be used as a ignition chamber or as a chamber for supporting or containing the exhaust system.

After adjusting the furnace on the continuous weighing system (34), the carbonization process begins. Ignition may occur in the combustion chamber (16) and / or the top and / or the side of the furnace as follows: it is fed through the atmospheric air intake holes (4) into the OvenContainer (1) , or by its top cover (6) pieces of biomass, comogravetos, foliage, etc. and these are burned. The combustion and the cooker must be maintained until the ignition front is established inside the container oven (1). This ignition front shall ascend to the top of the oven; If, however, the initial ignition is already carried out from the top, the initial ignition front is already in place.

Then begins the descent of the carbonization front in the longitudinal direction of the Container Oven (1), which percolates the entire biomass bed promoting the thermal decomposition of the firewood.

The passage of the carbonization front through the various regions or levels of the FurnaceContainer (1) can be visually verified by the aratmospheric intake holes (4) into the Container Furnace (1). All the process is continuously monitored by the following parameters: weight of the charcoal firewood load, internal temperature of the carbonization wood volume and external temperature of the container oven (1). In order to receive this information, the computerized automation system (36) verifies the equivalence between the gait curves and the standard weight loss xtempo curves previously adjusted for each type of wood, dimensions and humidity. If the process is not in phase, that is, if the process is ahead or behind the standard curve, the system should check the temperature map and then evaluate the need for opening and / or closing the valves for air / oxygen inlet inside the oven. It will then act in the process by automatically controlling the opening of the valves and / or alerting the operator to do so, either by sound signal and / or visual.

Thus, as the carbonization front descends, the arc corresponding entries at this height, or level of the Container Oven (1), will be progressively closed. After all air inlets are closed, the Container Oven (1) remains sealed, with gas suction being performed by the carbonization gas suction hood (10), until the temperature throughout the furnace volume is homogenized and stabilized. around the final target temperature. Final temperature is defined as a function of the desired fixed carbon content. The higher the final temperature, the higher the fixed carbon content.

All gases and vapors suctioned by the carbonization gas suction hood (10) are conducted to the firing chamber (16), where they are burned, generating heat and hot gases, which may be used in various ways as described above.

After the carbonization is completed, the Container Furnace (1), containing the coal at elevated temperature, is removed from the carbonization well and transferred to the outdoor cooling well with or without water cooling, with no gas heat exchange system. contained in the furnace in contact with the charcoal. At the end of the cooling, the furnace is weighed to obtain the weight of the charcoal produced. Coal is discharged by overturning the Container Oven (1) and discharging the coal into the stockyard or an appropriate location.

The process is continuous, that is, while a Container Furnace (1) is in the well undergoing the carbonization process, another furnace is being loaded, the third is being discharged and the fourth furnace in cooling process, so that the wells for each stage of the cycle never become empty. The carbonization gases conducted by the carbonization gas outlet pipe (9) are suctioned by the exhaust for the carbonization gas suction (10) and are regulated by the carbonization gas inlet regulator (11) to the firing chamber (16), whose combustion air inlet is made by the combustion secondary air inlet pipe (12) which is blown by the combustion secondary air injection blower (13), duly controlled by the combustion secondary air discharge device (14) for the firing chamber (16). From the secondary combustion injection fan (13), the aratmospheric whose flow rate is to be regulated by the secondary combustion air flow regulating device (14) may flow through the secondary combustion air inlet pipe (12) to perform combustion. the firing chamber (16) and / or may follow other piping to cool the gases from the firing chamber (16) and / or to reduce the temperature in the drying, pre-drying or secondary carbonization furnace (21) if necessary; This control is performed by the air flow regulation device (15) for the drying, pre-drying or secondary carbonization furnace (21).

When introduced into the firing chamber (16), the carbonization gases are burned by means of a suitable ignition system, generating a radiant flame with high calorific value. The energy released in this process may promote various heat transfer phenomena, chemical reactions, physical phase change processes, etc. After this stage of energy recovery of carbonization gases, the gases from the burning of combustible gases, even at high temperatures, may be reused in a parallel or consecutive stage, such as pre-drying or the carbonization of the wood itself. The gases from the firing chamber may be flushed to the atmosphere by the chimney (19) or proceed to a next energy recovery step by the gas passage piping (20) or the other hot gas passage piping (29). For regulating and controlling the gas outlet of the firing chamber, there is a device for controlling the gas outlet (18) of the firing chamber (16), located in a position prior to the chimney (19).

If the energy potential of the combustion gases from the firing chamber (16) is chosen, they will follow the tubing for the passage of the hot gases (29) generated in the burning chamber (16) to supply energy for a second thermal process. , properly controlled by the gas flow rate regulating device (30) for a second process to take place in the thermal device (31), which utilizes the hot gases generated in the firing chamber (16) for any other thermal processes than carbonization.

Such gases may also be conducted through the gas passage pipe (20) to the secondary drying, pre-drying or carbonization furnace (21). The gases will enter the gas inlet chamber (22) and will exit the exhaust pipe. gases (23).

After exiting the pre-drying furnace, the gases shall be suctioned by the exhaust suction hood (24) from the pre-drying, drying or secondary carbonization furnace (21) and flushed to the chimney for process exhaust gases (25) from the furnace. drying, pre-drying or secondary carbonization (21), and the flow of these gases and / or is defined by the exhaust suction characteristics of the gases (24).

If the energy contained in the hot gases generated in the firing chamber (16) is chosen to be used in a second process, such as drying, heat exchange, steam generation, etc., then the gases will be conducted to the thermal device (31). ) by piping for the passage of hot gases (29) generated in the firing chamber (16) to supply power for a second thermal process, being regulated by the device for regulating the flow of hot gases (30) for such processes.

A third option is to conduct the combustible gases generated in the Furnace Containers (1) - operating together - to a second Furnace, Container (1) to supply energy for the carbonization directly, bypassing the firing chamber (16); In this case, the gases follow the piping to pass the gases generated in the carbonization (27) of the FornoContainer (1) and are regulated by the device for regulating the gas flow (28) and directly entering the drying, pre-drying or secondary decarbonization furnace (21). .

Given the various operational possibilities of the Container Furnace (1) by operating its gas conduction devices and controlling them, as well as weight loss temperature controls over time, virtually all of the original biomass's energy potential will be harnessed to produce coal, drying, operation of physicochemical processes any and the gaseous effluents to be released into the atmosphere have low temperatures and are basically composed of gases typically resulting from complete combustion without methane release into the atmosphere.

Claims (52)

1. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE CHARCOAL PRODUCTION PROCESS WITH WEATHER AND WEATHER MONITORING", consisting of an automated charcoal production technology, represented by a process and its equipment, based on metal ovens, which has a gravimetric efficiency of the order of 33 %, characterized in that the carbonization cyclototal has a duration of less than 24 hours, the carbonization stage being less than 8 hours and the carbonization process is a mechanized operation with automatic, continuous or semi-continuous control; By recovering practically 100% of the energy contained in the wood while alive or green, its production is continuous by alternating the process steps sequentially and with determined times and by charring the wood under slight negative pressure, obtained by the suction of the evaporative gases generated. The process allows continuous or batch operation, with or without utilization of the combustible gases generated in the carbonization process, which can be used in various phases of the carbonization process, such as pre-drying, drying, pre-carbonization and / or carbonization of biomass, or in a second thermal process, in the drying of organic or inorganic products, in steam generation, heating operations, heat exchange, metallurgical processes, etc. 2. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE CHARCOAL PRODUCTION PROCESS WITH WEATHER CONTINUOUS WEIGHT MONITORING" according to claim 1, characterized in that the continuous carbonization process occurs in cycles, or stage repetitions, which occur simultaneously, said stages being: 1) loading; 2) pre-drying, drying, roasting or pre-carbonization; 3) carbonization; 4) cooling; 5) unloading. 3. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE COAL PRODUCTION PROCESS WITH CONTINUOUS WEIGHT AND MONITORING MONITORING" according to claim 2, characterized in that the maximum time of each step is 8 hours. 4. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE COAL PRODUCTION PROCESS WITH CONTINUOUS WEIGHT MONITORING AND TEMPERATURE" according to claim 2, characterized by the average carbonization time for biomass consisting of firewood, antler, grass, etc. is less than 4 hours. 5. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE CHARCOAL PRODUCTION PROCESS WITH CONTINUOUS WEIGHT MONITORING" according to the previous claims, characterized by having specific software that plots the "weight loss versus time" curve based on the measured temperatures in points. specific to the furnace interior and / or surface and the weight loss of the biomass charge being charred. 6. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE COAL PRODUCTION PROCESS WITH WEATHER CONTINUOUS WEIGHT MONITORING" according to the preceding claims, characterized by the specific software when detecting lags between a running carbonization curve and the chosen standard curve, inform the operator by means visuals, audible alarms etc. in which regions of the wood oven have not yet reached the carbonization temperature and / or which regions of the wood have exceeded the carbonization limit temperature, indicating the manual operation that the operator should perform. 7. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE DECARCTION PRODUCTION PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT, WITH CONTINUOUS WEIGHT AND TEMPERATURE MONITORING" according to the preceding claims, characterized by the specific software when detecting lags between a running carbonization curve and the chosen standard curve, acting automatically acting directly by means of automation mechanisms on the valves to open them if the process is late or to close them if the process is advanced. 8. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE DECARVEN PRODUCTION PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT WITH CONTINUOUS WEIGHT AND TEMPERATURE MONITORING" according to the preceding claims, characterized by the specific software when detecting lags between a running carbonization curve and the chosen standard curve, acting on the opening or gradually closing valves with ultra-fine adjustments to achieve a high degree of process control. 9. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE DECARVEN PRODUCTION PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT WITH WEIGHT AND TEMPERATURE CONTINUOUS MONITORING" according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the ignition - or "start-up" of the process occurs at the top and / or sides of the oven. 10. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE DECARVEN PRODUCTION PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT WITH WEIGHT AND TEMPERATURE CONTINUOUS MONITORING" according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the operation of the system is as follows: the ignition may start in the upper, lower and / or lateral region of the After the furnace is controlled the process air intake, then the generated heat flow should rise inside the furnace and after reaching the top will begin to descend, percolating the wood, conducting heat and promoting carbonization; the air inlets of these regions are then gradually closed, then carbonization occurs in the middle region and then the pipes of this zone are closed and finally the carbonization in the furnace base by the controlled air inlet, after which the seals are sealed. latest air intake vents of process. 11. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE COAL PRODUCTION PROCESS WITH CONTINUOUS WEIGHT AND MONITORING MONITORING" according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the process consists of introducing firewood from inside the Container Oven (1) either manually or by mechanical means such as cranes; followed by closing the lid (2) which is held thereon; The furnace is then lifted by the carrying handle (3) and introduced, after pre-drying, drying and / or roasting, to a support, positioned over the carbonization pit and initial ignition can be performed by the side openings (4) and / or by the openings in the furnace (6), and for the initial ignition, low-quality forest residues or firewood or any biomass or energy source sufficient to generate the heat required to initiate carbonization of biomass, wood, or firewood are burned. 12. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE COAL PRODUCTION PROCESS WITH CONTINUOUS WEIGHT MONITORING AND TEMPERATURE" according to the preceding claims, characterized in that after the introduction of the wood inside the oven, it is closed or locked with the dabase lid (2), then the whole assembly is weighed and discounting the weight of the metal structure, the weight of the firewood is hung, starting the drying and / or roasting of the firewood. 13. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE COAL PRODUCTION PROCESS WITH CONTINUOUS WEIGHT AND MONITORING MONITORING" according to the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that after adjusting the furnace over the continuous weighing system (34), the carbonization process begins. by feeding through the holes for intake of atmospheric air (4) inside the Container Oven (1), or by its top cover (6) pieces of biomass, such as twigs, foliage, etc. and burning them, and combustion and fire should be maintained until the ignition front is established inside the container oven (1). 14. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE COAL PRODUCTION PROCESS WITH CONTINUOUS WEIGHT MONITORING AND TEMPERATURE" according to claim 29, characterized in that the initial ignition process is maintained until the deignition front is formed within the biomass bed which can be viewed. through the atmospheric air intake holes (4), thereafter the aratmospheric inlets within the metal furnace are subsequently closed to provide a downward carbonization flow, and the closing of these aratmospheric intake holes (4) can occur automatically and / or manually. 15. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE COAL PRODUCTION PROCESS WITH CONTINUOUS WEIGHT MONITORING AND TEMPERATURE" according to the preceding claims, characterized in that drying and / or roasting is promoted by the injection of gas from the firing chamber (16), the temperature of which may be higher than at 200 ° C. 16. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE COAL PRODUCTION PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT WITH WEIGHT AND TEMPERATURE CONTINUOUS MONITORING" according to the preceding claims, characterized in that as soon as they are generated the carbonization gases are suctioned by the exhaust system and this control allows the flow of gases is conducted or directed in the proportion and location in which it is generated over the process time. 17. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE COAL PRODUCTION PROCESS WITH WEATHER CONTINUOUS WEIGHT MONITORING" according to claim 29, characterized by water vapor, smoke and gases generated in the carbonization bed being suctioned by the exhaust for suctioning the carbonization gases ( 10) making the exhaust system (32) of the gases generated inside the Container Furnace (1) functionally connected to the base, top and / or sides of the Container Furnace (1). 18. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE CHARCOAL PRODUCTION PROCESS WITH WEATHER CONTINUOUS WEIGHT MONITORING" according to claim 29, characterized in that the gas suction occurs from the base or the entire surface of the oven, ie top and side wall through the jacket to gas flow distribution (7). 19. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE COAL PRODUCTION PROCESS WITH CONTINUOUS WEIGHT MONITORING AND TEMPERATURE" according to the preceding claims, characterized by the Container Furnace (1) may be divided into as many regions as considered important or necessary and the flow or exhaust may be can be performed by region consecutively, simultaneously or can be performed only in a single region, either base, middle or top. 20. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE COAL PRODUCTION PROCESS WITH CONTINUOUS WEIGHT AND MONITORING MONITORING" according to the preceding claims, characterized by the process may operate the gas flow distribution jacket (7) so that air inlet may occur directly through the holes inside the oven, without any gas distribution. 21. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE COAL PRODUCTION PROCESS WITH WEATHER CONTINUOUS MONITORING" according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the carbonization gases driven by the carbonization gas outlet pipe (9) are suctioned by the carbonization suction hood (10) and are regulated by the carbonization gas inlet regulating device (11) to the firing chamber (16), whose combustion air inlet is made by the combustion secondary air inlet pipe (12) which is blown by the injection blower secondary combustion air (13), properly controlled by the device for regulating the secondary combustion air flow (14) to the firing chamber (16). 22. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE COAL PRODUCTION PROCESS WITH CONTINUOUS WEIGHT AND MONITORING MONITORING" according to the preceding claims, characterized in that gases from the firing chamber are carried to the atmosphere by the chimney (19) or to a next energy recovery step by gas-flow pipe (20) or other hot-gas pipe (29). 23. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE DECARVEN PRODUCTION PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT, WITH CONTINUOUS WEIGHT AND TEMPERATURE MONITORING" according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the carbonization process is monitored by means of pressure gauges and thermocouples (26) strategically placed inside the oven. 24. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE DECARVEN PRODUCTION PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT WITH CONTINUOUS WEIGHT AND TEMPERATURE MONITORING" according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the gas flow is controlled by the gas suction control valves (33) generated within the Container Oven (1) or by opening and closing the valves, which may be installed in the oven's inner wall without the presence of the gas flow distribution liner (7). 25. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE CHARCOAL PRODUCTION PROCESS WITH CONTINUOUS WEIGHT MONITORING" according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the cooling time of the coal is less than 10 hours and occurs by convection through the heat conduction through the metal walls of the oven. , by spraying water inside the oven, by absorbing heat and spraying water, or by flowing the gases contained inside the oven by a contactless heat exchanger. 26. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE COAL PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT WITH WEATHER CONTINUOUS WEIGHT MONITORING", consisting of metal container furnaces, made of carbon steel, carbon steel alloys, cast iron, stainless steel or any other material with the necessary thermal and mechanical resistance, capable of allowing them to be cylindrical, polyhedral, or in any other configuration which allows the accommodation of firewood, characterized in that it consists of process units consisting of 4 ovens, or multiples of 4, for example 8, 12, 16, 20 24 ovens. 27. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE CHARCOAL PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT WITH WEATHER CONTINUOUS MONITORING" according to claim 26, characterized in that they are alternatively lined with masonry insulating jacket, insulating blanket or refractory material and can be placed in aerial or underground deposition. 28. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE CHARCOAL PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT WITH WEATHER CONTINUOUS MONITORING" according to claims 26 and 27, characterized by two types of openings in the wall of the Container Furnace (1): openings connecting the interior of the container with gas flow distribution hood (7) and openings that overtake the gas flow distribution jacket (7), connecting the inside of the Container Oven (1) with the outside. 29. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE CHARCOAL PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT WITH WEATHER CONTINUOUS WEIGHT MONITORING" according to claim 26, characterized in that the process units (furnace batteries) are connected by intermediate flanges. 30. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE CHARCOAL PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT WITH WEATHER CONTINUOUS MONITORING" according to claim 29, characterized by the intermediate furnaces receiving the combustible gases from the process units carbonization and said furnaces generate hot gases which are conducted to another battery. charcoal furnaces which generate combustible gases for a second furnace battery, from these furnace gases are conducted to a third furnace battery and so on until the desired production is achieved. 31. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE COAL PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT WITH WEATHER CONTINUOUS WEIGHT MONITORING" according to claim 29, characterized in that the hot gases generated can be used for drying, pre-drying, pre-carbonization and / or carbonization of other biomass contained in it. ovens. 32. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE CHARCOAL PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT WITH WEATHER CONTINUOUS MONITORING" according to any one of claims 26 to 30, characterized in that the furnaces have openings or side holes in their surfaces, tops or bases and have varying diameters as a function of the surface area. or the specificity of each project and / or product, in terms of percentage of fixed carbon. 33. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE CHARCOAL PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT WITH WEATHER CONTINUOUS WEIGHT MONITORING" according to claim 31, characterized by the holes being connected through an external gas distribution jacket or directly to a recessed air intake control valves, which may be of various types, such as ball valves or pneumatic handling systems connected to them, which are controlled by specific software residing in PLCs or any other computer equipment. 34. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE CHARCOAL PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT WITH WEATHER CONTINUOUS WEIGHT MONITORING" according to claim 26, characterized in that the ovens have a continuous weight monitoring system such as a load cell or pendulum scale. 35. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE CHARCOAL PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT WITH WEATHER CONTINUOUS WEIGHT MONITORING" according to claim 26, characterized by furnaces having a temperature measuring system, K-type thermocouples, contact thermocouples, infrared sensors or other suitable. 36. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE CHARCOAL PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT WITH WEATHER CONTINUOUS WEIGHT MONITORING" according to claim 26, characterized in that the container oven consists of a sheet steel "roof" having controlled air inlet holes inside opening for the introduction of forest residues and / or biomass for the initial ignition of the carbonization process. 37. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE CHARCOAL PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT WITH WEATHER CONTINUOUS WEIGHT MONITORING" according to claim 30, characterized in that the container oven can control the process air inlet, may also have one or more rows of pipes, holes, openings, or windows, arranged sequentially, or interspersed, at one or more levels in height and one or more positions in the horizontal direction. 38. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE COAL PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT WITH WEATHER CONTINUOUS WEIGHT MONITORING" according to claim 31, characterized by openings having devices, such as control valves, or any other mechanism to close them as it is initiated. ignition of the charge and establish the kinetics of the carbonization process. 39. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE COAL PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT WITH WEATHER CONTINUOUS WEIGHT MONITORING" according to claim 36, characterized in that it contains inner tubes, transverse to the furnace, as extensions of the lateral holes through which the process air enters the process to reach the innermost parts of the biomass in carbonization. 40. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE COAL PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT WITH WEATHER CONTINUOUS WEIGHT MONITORING" according to claim 38, characterized in that the inner tubes have a variable length, from 1% to 100% of the diameter of the furnace and still have holes in their surface and shall have preferably positioned horizontally and may be anchored internally. 41. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE COAL PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT WITH WEATHER CONTINUOUS WEIGHT MONITORING" according to claim 26, characterized in that the Container Oven base cover (2) consists of a perforated plug with holes whose diameters vary according to the diameter of the wood and / or dimensions of the biomass to be charred. 42. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE COAL PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT WITH WEATHER CONTINUOUS WEIGHT MONITORING" according to claim 40, characterized in that the perforated lid permits the flow of gas and prevents the passing of pieces of wood or biomass through it. 43. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE CHARCOAL PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT WITH WEATHER CONTINUOUS MONITORING" according to claim 41, characterized by the holes in the base lid (2) of the Container Oven leading to the carbonization gases which are suctioned by the devices forming a exhaust system, consisting of the exhaust pipe of the gases generated by the carbonization of the firewood (5), the exhaust pipe of the carbonization gases (9) and the exhaust for suction of the carbonization gases (10). 44. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE CHARCOAL PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT WITH WEIGHT AND WEATHER CONTINUOUS MONITORING" according to claim 26, characterized in that the pre-drying box (38) consists of a floor-mounted masonry wall structure having at the base a grate (39), made of steel plate, said grate (39) is supported on the conducting tunnel (40) of the flow of hot gases from drying, roasting and / or pre-carbonization towards the grate (39) for firewood pre-drying. 45. AUTOMATED VEGETABLE DECARCTION PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT AND PROCESSING WITH CONTINUOUS WEIGHT AND TEMPERATURE MONITORING "according to claim 43, characterized by the fact that after pre-drying, the wood and / or biomass, with a moisture content around 10% 20% be transported, manually or mechanically, for loading of the drying oven, pre-drying or secondary carbonization (21). 46. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE COAL PRODUCTION PROCESS WITH CONTINUOUS WEIGHT MONITORING AND TEMPERATURE" according to the preceding claims, characterized in that after pre-drying, the wood and / or biomass, with a moisture content around 10 % to 20% must be transported, manually or mechanically, for loading of the drying, pre-drying or secondary carbonization furnace (21), in which case the Container Oven (1) is tipped over and supported by an easel. 47. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE COAL PRODUCTION PROCESS WITH CONTINUOUS WEIGHT AND TEMPERATURE MONITORING" according to the preceding claims, characterized in that after drying and / or roasting, the Container Oven (1), containing dry firewood and / or pre-carbonized, must be transported or moved by means of a gantry and / or bridge to the carbonization well, where it is coupled to the combustion chamber (16) by means of the pipe (5), said combustion chamber (16) It may be used as an ignition chamber or as a chamber for supporting or containing the exhaust system. 48. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE COAL PRODUCTION PROCESS WITH CONTINUOUS WEIGHT AND MONITORING MONITORING" according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the coal is discharged by tipping the Container Oven (1) and unloading the coal in the stockyard or in an appropriate place. 49. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE DECARVEN PRODUCTION PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT WITH CONTINUOUS WEIGHT AND TEMPERATURE MONITORING" according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it is a variant of the process where the energy potential of the combustion gases from the burning chamber is used (16). ) will follow the piping for the passage of hot gases (29) generated in the firing chamber (16) for power supply for a second thermal process, properly controlled by the device for regulating the flow of hot gases (30) for a second process to take place in the thermal device. (31), which uses the hot gases generated in the firing chamber (16) for any thermal processes other than carbonization, and the gases may be conducted through the piping to pass the gases (20) for drying, pre-drying or secondary carbonization (21) and gases will enter the gas inlet chamber (22) and exit through the gas outlet door (23). 50. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE DECARVEN PRODUCTION PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT WITH WEIGHT AND TEMPERATURE MONITORING" according to claim 49, characterized by the gases after exiting the pre-drying oven are sucked by the exhaust fan (24) from the oven pre-drying, drying or secondary carbonization (21) and carried to the drying gas process chimney (25), pre-drying or secondary carbonization chimney (21), the flow of these gases being / or being defined by the exhaust characteristics for gas suction (24). 51. "AUTOMATED VEGETABLE DECARVEN PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT PROCESS WITH CONTINUOUS WEIGHT AND TEMPERATURE MONITORING" according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it is a process variant which harnesses the energy contained in the hot gases generated in the firing chamber (16). ) in a second process, such as drying, heat exchange, steam generation, etc., where the gases will be led to the thermal device (31) through the piping to pass the hot gases (29) generated in the firing chamber (16) to energy supply for a second thermal process, being regulated by the device for regulating the flow of hot gases (30) for such processes. AUTOMATED VEGETABLE DECARVEN PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT AND EQUIPMENT WITH WEIGHT AND TEMPERATURE CONTINUOUS MONITORING "according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it is a process variant consisting in the reduction of the combustible gases generated in the Container Furnaces (1) - operating in set - for a second Furnace, Container (1) to provide energy for the carbonization directly, without passing through the firing chamber (16) where the gases follow through the pipe, to pass the gases generated in the carbonization (27) of the Container Oven (1) being regulated. by the gas flow regulation device (28) and directly entering the drying oven, pre-drying or secondary carbonization (21).