BRPI0805973A2 - formulation of additives and fuel alcohol additives for use in diesel engines - Google Patents
formulation of additives and fuel alcohol additives for use in diesel engines Download PDFInfo
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- BRPI0805973A2 BRPI0805973A2 BRPI0805973A BRPI0805973A2 BR PI0805973 A2 BRPI0805973 A2 BR PI0805973A2 BR PI0805973 A BRPI0805973 A BR PI0805973A BR PI0805973 A2 BRPI0805973 A2 BR PI0805973A2
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- nitrate
- additives
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- diesel engines
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- RNVYQYLELCKWAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N solketal Chemical compound CC1(C)OCC(CO)O1 RNVYQYLELCKWAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 13
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 2-ethoxy Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PGLNRSFEARBGGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)OC(CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC)CCCCCCCCC Chemical compound C(C)OC(CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC)CCCCCCCCC PGLNRSFEARBGGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002816 fuel additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims 2
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N ricinelaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- TXPURXMTKXRAMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-nitrooxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCCOCCOCCOCCO[N+]([O-])=O TXPURXMTKXRAMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- NKRVGWFEFKCZAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl nitrate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO[N+]([O-])=O NKRVGWFEFKCZAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QEGIPEFJRISXFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC(CCCCCCCC(CCCCCCCCC)OCC)=O Chemical compound COC(CCCCCCCC(CCCCCCCCC)OCC)=O QEGIPEFJRISXFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- QQHZPQUHCAKSOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl nitrate Chemical compound CCCCO[N+]([O-])=O QQHZPQUHCAKSOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229960001777 castor oil Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- HLYOOCIMLHNMOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OC1CCCCC1 HLYOOCIMLHNMOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- LYAGTVMJGHTIDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol dinitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCCOCCO[N+]([O-])=O LYAGTVMJGHTIDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- JYMDZTRYDIQILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptyl nitrate Chemical compound CCCCCCCO[N+]([O-])=O JYMDZTRYDIQILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- AGDYNDJUZRMYRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl nitrate Chemical compound CCCCCCO[N+]([O-])=O AGDYNDJUZRMYRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- GAPFWGOSHOCNBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropyl nitrate Chemical compound CC(C)O[N+]([O-])=O GAPFWGOSHOCNBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002780 morpholines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)phenyl]-4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide Chemical class C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=2OC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C=C1 SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QCOKASLKYUXYJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-2-yl nitrate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(C)O[N+]([O-])=O QCOKASLKYUXYJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- TXQBMQNFXYOIPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl nitrate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO[N+]([O-])=O TXQBMQNFXYOIPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- AGCQZYRSTIRJFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol dinitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCCOCCOCCO[N+]([O-])=O AGCQZYRSTIRJFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- SBOJXQVPLKSXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-amino-hydroxylamine Chemical compound NON SBOJXQVPLKSXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 description 10
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000000528 Ricinus communis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000004443 Ricinus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)(=O)O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940082615 organic nitrates used in cardiac disease Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- XBSCCKSGOUVATO-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl nitrate Chemical compound CC1(C)OCC(CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1 XBSCCKSGOUVATO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWWQQSDRUYSMAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6,7-diol;hydrochloride Chemical group Cl.C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1C2=CC(O)=C(O)C=C2CCN1 SWWQQSDRUYSMAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JQGOPAWSCJWPAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-ethoxyoctadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(OCC)CCCCCCCC(O)=O JQGOPAWSCJWPAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019737 Animal fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014698 Brassica juncea var multisecta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000006008 Brassica napus var napus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000385 Brassica napus var. napus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006618 Brassica rapa subsp oleifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Elaidinsaeure-aethylester Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000020551 Helianthus annuus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000021150 Orbignya martiana Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014643 Orbignya martiana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XKGDWZQXVZSXAO-ADYSOMBNSA-N Ricinoleic Acid methyl ester Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC XKGDWZQXVZSXAO-ADYSOMBNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKGDWZQXVZSXAO-SFHVURJKSA-N Ricinolsaeure-methylester Natural products CCCCCC[C@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC XKGDWZQXVZSXAO-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000000231 Sesamum indicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003434 Sesamum indicum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001089 [(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methanol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- AZXVZUBIFYQWJK-KWRJMZDGSA-N ethyl (z,12r)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC AZXVZUBIFYQWJK-KWRJMZDGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-QXMHVHEDSA-N ethyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-QXMHVHEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940093471 ethyl oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940049964 oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MZVGTZNDBKNLAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolan-2-ylmethyl nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC1CCCO1 MZVGTZNDBKNLAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKGDWZQXVZSXAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid methyl ester Natural products CCCCCCC(O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC XKGDWZQXVZSXAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002316 solid fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1CCCO1 BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Abstract
FORMULAcãO DE ADITIVOS E DE COMBUSTìVEIS DE áLCOOL CARBURANTE ADITIVADO PARA USO EM MOTORES DIESEL com o objetivo de preparar formulacões de aditivos com um reforcador de cetano preferencialmente nitrato de solketal, u em, mistura com um agente lubrificante preferencialmente um oleo vegetal, um agente anticorrosivo preferencialmente um aminoéter tais que adicionados em combustíveis renováveis, em volume e quantidades ideais, formando uma composicóo química com álcool anidro ou hidratado, para permitir o uso do álcool como um combustível para motores do ciclo Diesel.FORMULATION OF ADDITIVES AND FUEL ALCOHOL ADDITIVES FOR USE IN DIESEL ENGINES for the purpose of preparing additive formulations with a cetane booster preferably solketal nitrate, in particular, mixing with a lubricant preferably a vegetable oil, preferably an anti-corrosive agent an amino ether such that they are added in renewable fuels, in optimum volume and quantities, forming a chemical composition with anhydrous or hydrated alcohol, to allow the use of alcohol as a diesel engine fuel.
Description
FORMULAÇÃO DE ADITIVOS E DE COMBUSTÍVEIS DE ÁLCOOLCARBURANTE ADITIVADO PARA USO EM MOTORES DIESEL.FORMULATION OF ADDITIVES AND FUELS OF ADDED ALCOHOLBURANT FOR USE IN DIESEL ENGINES.
Devido aos altos níveis de emissão de gases poluentes lançados pela combustãopor compressão do óleo diesel na atmosfera, aumentando a temperatura media dasuperfície da terra devido principalmente ao efeito estufa, há grande interesse debuscarem alternativas visando à substituição total do óleo diesel nos motores de igniçãopor compressão. As alternativas propostas estão direcionadas para os materiais de fontesrenováveis, tais como os óleos vegetais, metanol e o etanol.produzindo ésterescomumente chamados de biodiesel.Due to the high emission levels of pollutant gases released by the combustion of diesel oil into the atmosphere, increasing the average temperature of the earth's surface mainly due to the greenhouse effect, there is a great interest to devise alternatives aiming at the total replacement of diesel oil in compression ignition engines. The proposed alternatives are directed to materials from renewable sources, such as vegetable oils, methanol and ethanol. They produce esters commonly called biodiesel.
Um critério que certifica a qualidade do combustível liquido para motores deignição por compressão é o número de cetano determinado experimentalmentel.One criterion certifying the quality of liquid fuel for compression-ignition engines is the experimentally determined cetane number.
Conseqüentemente o desenvolvimento de processos e formulações para aobtenção de um novo combustível pode ser gerado pela adição de aditivos e/ou misturade combustíveis. Os aditivos destinados para este fim são denominados de reforçadoresde cetano. Os reforçadores de cetano possuem a capacidade de melhorar a ignição doscombustíveis, melhorando a partida e o funcionamento do motor e ainda promovendo adiminuição de emissão de gases poluentes.Consequently the development of processes and formulations for obtaining a new fuel can be generated by the addition of fuel additives and / or mixtures. Additives intended for this purpose are called cetane reinforcers. Cetane boosters have the ability to improve fuel ignition, improve engine starting and operation, and promote reduced emissions of polluting gases.
O uso de combustíveis com menor ação poluente ambiental como o etanol emetanol nos motores de ignição por compressão é um grande desafio por que estesbiocombustíveis possuem número de cetano muito baixo. O metanol possui número decetano aproximadamente 3 e o do etanol é aproximadamente 8. Combustíveisapropriados apresentam valores de número de cetano maiores que 42.The use of fuels with lower environmental polluting action such as ethanol and ethanol in compression ignition engines is a major challenge because these biofuels have a very low cetane number. Methanol has a decetane number of approximately 3 and ethanol of approximately 8. Appropriate fuels have cetane number values greater than 42.
Diversos ésteres metílicos e etílicos de ácidos graxos superiores estão sendopropostos para aditivar o óleo diesel com a finalidade de reduzir a quantidade deemissão de gás carbônico. Estes ésteres, metílicos ou etílicos, são denominadosbiodiesel. O biodiesel é obtido pelo processo de transeterificação de gorduras sólidas elíquidas com álcoois de cadeias pequenas (Cl - C3), dependendo da fonte de óleovegetal ou gordura animal, possui números de cetano elevados, maiores que 42. Destaforma a adição ou mistura do biodiesel ao metanol ou etanol contribui para umaelevação considerável do número de cetano em relação aos álcoois limpos, entretantoocorre uma diminuição do número de cetano em relação ao biodiesel limpo. Um dos co-produtos do biodiesel é a glicerina.Several methyl and ethyl esters of higher fatty acids are proposed to add diesel oil in order to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide emission. These esters, methyl or ethyl, are called biodiesel. Biodiesel is obtained by the process of transeterification of eliquid solid fats with small chain alcohols (Cl - C3), depending on the source of oleovegetal or animal fat. It has high cetane numbers greater than 42. Thus the addition or blending of biodiesel to Methanol or ethanol contributes to a considerable increase in cetane number in relation to clean alcohols, however there is a decrease in cetane number in relation to clean biodiesel. One of the co-products of biodiesel is glycerin.
Foi verificado que o biodiesel de mamona (BM) é adequado para ser misturadoao metanol, etanol ou mistura dos álcoois, em qualquer proporção devido ao grandepercentual do éster ricinoletato contido no biodiesel. Foi verificado que as misturasbinária e ternária possibilitam o uso como um combustível diesel em motores já emfuncionamento. Foi igualmente verificado que a adição de nitratos orgânicos empercentuais de 0,1 a 7,5%, conhecidos experimentalmente promove a queima total damistura dos biocombustíveis desde a partida do motor. A glicerina é fonte para obtençãode muitos produtos industriais, em particular destacamos o solketal (2,2-Dimetil-l,3-dioxolan-4-metanol) que pode ser convertido ao nitrato de Solketal ou 2,2-Dimetil-l,3-dioxolan-4-metilnitrato. Foi verificado experimentalmente, que a adição entre 0,1 a 10,0% de nitrato de Solketal ao álcool (metanol, etanol ou misturas) foi determinante paraque o álcool possa ser usado como combustível em motores do ciclo diesel.Castor bean (BM) biodiesel has been found to be suitable for blending with methanol, ethanol or alcohol blend in any proportion due to the large percentage of the ricinoletate ester contained in the biodiesel. It has been found that binary and ternary mixtures enable use as a diesel fuel in already functioning engines. It has also been found that the addition of experimentally known 0.1 to 7.5% organic nitrates promotes the total combustion of biofuels from engine start-up. Glycerin is a source for many industrial products, in particular solketal (2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-methanol) which can be converted to Solketal nitrate or 2,2-Dimethyl-1,3 -dioxolan-4-methylnitrate. Experimentally, it was found that the addition of 0.1 to 10.0% Solketal nitrate to alcohol (methanol, ethanol or mixtures) was a determining factor for alcohol to be used as fuel in diesel engines.
O nitrato de Solketal misturado ao álcool, sem a necessidade de adição de outroscompostos é capaz de corrigir a cetanagem do álcool dando ao combustível ascaracterísticas de ignição similar ao do óleo diesel. Entretanto, ao se levar em contaoutros aspectos como a lubricidade e corrosividade da mistura, outros compostos podemser usados para corrigir essas características. Para melhorar a lubricidade, deve serempregado o óleo de mamona por si só ou juntamente com outro óleo vegetal. Paraevitar a corrosão, deve ser empregada a morfolina pura ou em associação com umaoutra amina.Solketal nitrate mixed with alcohol, without the need for the addition of other compounds, is capable of correcting alcohol ketane by giving the fuel similar ignition characteristics to diesel oil. However, by taking into account other aspects such as lubricity and corrosivity of the mixture, other compounds can be used to correct these characteristics. To improve lubricity castor oil should be used alone or in conjunction with other vegetable oil. To prevent corrosion, pure morpholine or in combination with another amine should be employed.
A presente patente de invenção provê o uso de uma formulação debiocombustivel constituído de nitrato de solketal, álcool (metanol, etanol ou misturas),um lubrificante e uma agente anti-corrosivo. A formulação poderá ter a adição de outrassubstâncias que pode ser de qualquer material apropriado, tais como: um ou misturas dedois ou mais álcoois contendo de 1 a 12 átomos de carbonos (tais como metanol, etanol,propanol, etc.), um hidrocarboneto ou misturas de hidrocarbonetos (tal como agasolina), ou um combustível diesel de baixo número de cetano, um éter-álcool oumisturas de éteres-álcoois (tais como: álcool tetraidrofurfurilico, 2,5-diidroximetil-tetraidrofurfurila e solketal), ou de ésteres dos ácidos oléico e ricinoléico oleato demetila, oleato de etila ricinoleato de etila e ricinoleato de metila, ou de outros biodieseis(tais como biodiesel de soja, milho, girassol, canola, babassu, gergelim, amendoim,algodão) ou de outros nitratos orgânicos (tais como mononitrato e dinitrado de glicois,dinitrato de 2.5-metilfurfurila e 2,2-dimetil-4-nitroximetil-l,3-dioxolano, nitrato detetraidrofurfurila, nitratos derivados de ésteres metílicos e etílicos de ácidos graxossuperiores ou obtidos diretamente por modificação de biodiesel tais como o 12,10-dinitrato-9-etóxiestearato de etila, Trans -9-etoxi, 10-nitratoestearato de etila, 12,10,9-trinitratoestearato de etila, Trans- 9,10-dinitratoestearato de etila, Trans- 10-nitrato, 9-etoxiestearato de etila, 12,10-dinitrato-9-etóxiestearato de metila, Trans -9-etoxi, 10-nitratoestearato de metila, 12,10,9-trinitratoestearato de metila, Trans- 9,10-dinitratoestearato de metila, Trans- 10-nitrato, 9-etoxiestearato de metila).O processo de obtenção do nitrato de solketal é feito de modo convencional. O nitratode solketal pode ser obtido diretamente da nitração do solketal, em baixas temperaturaspara ser convertido éster nitrico.The present invention provides the use of a bio-fuel formulation consisting of solketal nitrate, alcohol (methanol, ethanol or mixtures), a lubricant and an anti-corrosive agent. The formulation may have the addition of other substances which may be of any suitable material, such as: one or more portable mixtures or more alcohols containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms (such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, etc.), a hydrocarbon or mixtures of hydrocarbons (such as agasoline), or a low cetane number diesel fuel, an ether-alcohol or mixtures of ether-alcohols (such as tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, 2,5-dihydroxymethyl tetrahydrofurfuryl and solketal), or esters of oleic and ricinoleic acids demethyl oleate, ethyl oleate ethyl ricinoleate and methyl ricinoleate, or other biodiesels (such as soybean, corn, sunflower, canola, babassu, sesame, peanut, cotton) or other organic nitrates (such as as glycol mononitrate and dinitrite, 2,5-methylfurfuryl dinitrate and 2,2-dimethyl-4-nitroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydrofurfuryl nitrate, methyl and ethyl ester derivates of g acids higher ratios or directly obtained by biodiesel modification such as ethyl 12,10-dinitrate-9-ethoxostearate, Trans-9-ethoxy, ethyl 10-nitrate stearate, ethyl 12,10,9-trinitrate stearate, Trans- 9,10 methyl-nitritrostearate, methyl Trans-10-nitrate, ethyl 9-ethoxystearate, methyl 12,10-dinitrate-9-ethoxystearate, methyl trans-9-ethoxy, 10-nitrate stearate, methyl 12,10,9-trinitrate stearate Methyl trans-9,10-dinitrate stearate, Methyl trans-10-nitrate, 9-ethoxystearate). The process for obtaining solketal nitrate is done in a conventional manner. Solketal nitrat can be obtained directly from solketal nitration at low temperatures to be converted to nitric ester.
Estando 24,48 g de anidrido acético a -5 0C foi adicionado15,43 mL de ácido nitrico 98%. A esta mistura foi adicionado 26,4 g de solketal a 10°C, durante 20 minutos. Água gelada. 100 mL, foi adicionada a mistura e a faseorgânica separada. A solução restante foi neutralizada com bicarbonato de sódio e umanova fase orgânica foi obtida e separada. O produto liquido obtido foi caracterizado,como sendo o nitrato de solketal (NITRATO DE SOLKETAL ), pelas técnicas deespectroscopia de infravermelho, espectroscopia de ressonância magnética nuclear dehidrogênio e de carbono (RMN 1H e 13C).At 24.48 g acetic anhydride at -50 ° C 15.43 ml 98% nitric acid was added. To this mixture was added 26.4 g of solketal at 10 ° C for 20 minutes. Ice water. 100 mL, the mixture was added and the organic phase separated. The remaining solution was neutralized with sodium bicarbonate and a new organic phase was obtained and separated. The obtained liquid product was characterized as solketal nitrate (SOLKETAL NITRATE) by infrared spectroscopy, hydrogen and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H and 13C NMR) techniques.
É conveniente preparar a mistura completa de aditivos para ser adicionada aoálcool quando necessário para que possa ser usado nos motores Diesel. Assim o álcoolpoder usado para outros fins que não necessite do aditivo.It is convenient to prepare the complete mixture of additives to be added to alcohol when needed for use in diesel engines. Thus alcohol may be used for purposes other than the additive.
Nos exemplos a seguir são descritas formulações de aditivos testados emmotores diesel em laboratório que se incluem no escopo da presente invenção, sementretanto limitar a sua abrangência.The following examples describe formulations of additives tested in laboratory diesel engines which fall within the scope of the present invention while limiting their scope.
Nesse exemplo é dada a formulação típica em que o nitrato de solketal éassociado com um lubrificante e um anticorrosivo. Os aditivos podem ser usadosdiretamente com o álcool hidratado ou anidro de modo a ter um combustível a ser usadoem motores do ciclo diesel.In this example the typical formulation is given in which solketal nitrate is associated with a lubricant and an anticorrosive. The additives may be used directly with hydrous or anhydrous alcohol to have a fuel to be used in diesel cycle engines.
Os testes foram realizados em laboratório utilizando um motor estacionário dedo ciclo diesel com 10 hp, 3600 rpm efetuados em média por períodos de 15 min. Defuncionamento.Formulação do aditivo ideal a cada 100 mL combustível.The tests were performed in the laboratory using a 10 hp, 3600 rpm stationary finger cycle diesel engine performed on average over 15 min. Functioning. Ideal additive formulation every 100 mL fuel.
Componentes Quantidades em volume (mL)Components Volume Quantities (mL)
Nitrato de Solketal 7,92Solketal Nitrate 7.92
Óleo de mamona 0,99Castor Oil 0.99
Morfolina 0,03Morpholine 0.03
Total, volumes 8,92Total volumes 8.92
Exemplo da composição liquida idealExample of the ideal liquid composition
Composição liquida Componentes, em volume (mL)Liquid composition Components, by volume (mL)
Aditivo Álcool* Total mLAlcohol Additive * Total mL
El 89,20 910,8 1000El 89.20 910.8 1000
Ό álcool utilizado é o etanol ou metanol ou misturas em proporções variadasΌ alcohol used is ethanol or methanol or mixtures in varying proportions
Nos testes realizados foram utilizados álcool, etanol ou metanol ou misturas emproporções variadas e aditivos constituído por nitrato de solketal, óleo de mamona emorfolinaAlcohol, ethanol or methanol or mixtures of various proportions and additives consisting of solketal nitrate, castor oil and morpholine were used in the tests.
Todas as composições dos combustíveis foram usadas paraoperar o motor diesel. Todos os combustíveis giraram o motor de maneira satisfatória,sob as mesmas condições de velocidade e carga do motor. As operações satisfatóriasforam acompanhadas sem a determinação do ponto de queima e de retardo de ignição.Exemplos de combustíveis sem a adição do biodiesel de mamona e/ou nitrato desolketal não se inflamaram completamente no motor.All fuel compositions were used to operate the diesel engine. All fuels rotated the engine satisfactorily under the same engine speed and load conditions. Satisfactory operations were followed without determining the burn point and ignition delay. Examples of fuels without the addition of castor bean biodiesel and / or desolketal nitrate did not ignite completely in the engine.
Nos testes efetuados com combustíveis de baixo cetano, talcomo metanol e etanol, isoladamente ou misturados, como combustível num motorconvencional de ignição por compressão o motor não funcionou entretanto a adição donitrato de solketal foi suficiente para tornar os álcoois apropriados para o uso emmotores de ignição por compressão.In tests performed on low cetane fuels, such as methanol and ethanol, alone or in combination, as fuel in a conventional compression ignition engine the engine did not work however the addition of solketal nitrate was sufficient to make the alcohols suitable for use in spark ignition engines. compression.
Portanto, a adição única de nitrato de solketal a um material combustível debaixo cetano apropriado, possibilitará que o mesmo seja usado como um combustívelnum motor do ciclo diesel.Therefore, the unique addition of solketal nitrate to an appropriate under cetane fuel material will enable it to be used as a fuel in a diesel engine.
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