BRPI0806143A2 - multi-channel electricity measuring apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

MULTI-CHANNEL ELECTRICITY MEASURING DEVICES. In one aspect, the invention includes a device for measuring electricity usage, including: means for remote disconnection by power line communication; means for detecting theft of electricity; means for detecting fraud; and means for reverse voltage detection. In another aspect, the invention includes an apparatus for measuring multi-channel electricity, including: (a) an operable meter head for measuring electricity usage for a plurality of electricity consumer lines; (b) a transponder operable to transmit data received from the meter head by power line communication to a computer located remotely, and to transmit data received by power line communication from the computer remotely located to the meter head; and (c) a load control module operable to actuate connection and disconnection of each of a plurality of relays, each relay of the plurality of relays corresponding to one of the plurality of electricity consumer lines.

Description

"MULTI-C ANAL ELECTRICITY MEASURING APPLIANCES"

Cross Reference to Related Requests

This application claims the benefit of US Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 737,580, filed November 15, 2005, US Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 739,375, filed November 23, 2005, and Provisional Application No. 60 / 813,901, filed June 15, 2006, and is a continuation in part of US Patent Application No. 11 / 431,849, filed on May 9, 2006, which is a part of US Patent Application No. 11 / 030,417, filed on December 6, 2006. January 2005 (now Patent No. 7,054,770), which is a part of US Patent Application No. 09 / 795,838, filed February 28, 2001 (now US Patent No. 6,947,854). The entire contents of each of these applications are incorporated herein by reference.

Rationale and Summary

One embodiment of the present invention includes a measuring device that is related to the ASIC Quadlogic family of meters (see US Patent No. 6,947,854, and US Patent Publication No. 20060036388, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. ). Specifically, this embodiment (referred to herein for convenience as the "Energy Guard") is a multi-channel meter that is preferably capable of providing much of the functionality of the aforementioned meter family, and furthermore provides the enhancements, features and components listed below.

Used in at least one embodiment, a 'MiniCloset' is a 24-channel metering device that can measure electrical usage for up to 24 single-phase customers, 12 two-phase customers, or 8 three-phase customers. Preferably connected to the MiniCloset are one or more Load Control Modules (LCMs), discussed below. Power Guard preferably includes a MiniCloset Meter Head Module and two LCMs mounted in a steel case. Relays that allow an electricity customer to be remotely disconnected and reconnected, along with current transformers, are also box mounted. See Figure 1.

At the facility, a customer's electricity supply line is derived from the main power supply, passed through the Energy Guard appliance, and runs directly to the customer's home. The construction and use of the Energy Guard will be apparent to those skilled in the art by reviewing the description below and related figures. Source code is provided in the attached Appendix.

Energy Guard Meters are preferably operable to provide:

(A) Remote Disconnect / Reconnect: The meter supports full duplex (bidirectional) communication by power line ("PLC") communication and can be equipped with remotely operated relays (60 A, 100 A, or 200 A) that allow disconnection. and reconnect electrical users remotely.

(B) Theft Prevention: The system is designed with three specific features to prevent theft. First, an Energy Guard appliance is preferably installed on a utility pole above medium voltage lines, making it difficult for customers to reach and defraud. Second, because there is no additional signal wire with the system (ie all communication is by the power line), any cut communication wires are immediately detectable. That is, if a communication wire is cut, the service is cut, which is readily apparent. A third theft prevention feature is that the meter can be used to measure transformer energy to validate the measured totals of individual customers. Discrepancies may indicate power theft.

(C) Fraud Detection: Energy Guard preferably provides two modes of optical fraud detection. Each unit contains a light that reflects against a small mirror-like sticker. The absence of this reflective light indicates that the box has been opened. This detection will automatically disconnect all clients measured by that Power Guard unit. In addition, if the Energy Guard enclosure is opened and ambient light comes in, it will also automatically disconnect all clients measured by that Energy Guard unit. These two fraud detection modes are continuously compromised and multiple times alternated per second for maximum security.

(D) Reverse Voltage Detection: In some cases, a utility company may disconnect power to an individual customer and that customer is able to obtain power from an alternate power supply. If utility were to reconnect power under these conditions, damage could occur to the metering equipment and / or the distribution system. Energy guard is preferably capable of detecting this fault condition. Power Guard can detect any voltage that feeds into the disconnect opened by the lines that connect to customer premises. If voltage is detected, the Power Guard firmware will automatically prevent reconnection.

(E) Prepayment: Prepayment for energy may be made by telephone, electronic transaction, or in person. The amount of kWh purchased is transmitted to the meter and stored in its memory. The meter will count below, showing how much power is still available before reaching zero and disconnecting. As long as the customer continues to buy energy, there will be no interruption in service, and the utility company will have a daily activity report.

(F) Load Limiting: As an alternative to disconnection for nonpayment or part of a prepayment system, Power Guard meters may allow the utility to remotely limit the power delivered to a fixed level by disconnecting when that load is exceeded. . If the customer exceeds this load and is disconnected, the customer may reset a button on the optional remote display unit to re-establish the load as long as the connected load is less than the preset limit.

Alternatively, customers can call a utility line by telephone to have the service restored. This feature allows utilities to provide electricity to critical systems even, for example, in the case of a non-paying customer.

(G) Monthly Consumption Limitation: Some customers benefit from subsidized rates and are given a maximum total consumption per month. Power Guard firmware is capable of stopping power when a certain level of consumption is reached. However, this type of program is best implemented when advanced notification to clients is provided.

This can be achieved with either a home view, whereby a message or series of messages notifies customers that their consumption rate is reaching the projected consumption for the month. Alternatively (or in combination), timed service interruptions may be programmed so that when the limit is approaching, power will be disconnected for ever longer increments to notify residents. These planned outages serve as a warning to customers that their limit is approaching so that they have time to change their consumption patterns.

(H) Meter Validation: The integrated system module is preferably removable. This allows easy lab re-validation of meter accuracy in the event of customer invoice disputes.

(I) Operational Benefits for Utility: The Energy Guard has event logs and diagnostic functions on board, providing field technicians with a wealth of data to commission and repair electrical and communication systems. Non-billing parameters include: Amps, Volts, Temperature, Total Harmonic Distortion, Frequency, Instantaneous Watts, VARs and Volt-Amps, V2 Hours, 12 Hours, Power Factor, and Phase Angle.

These features and others will be apparent to those skilled in the art after reviewing the accompanying descriptions, software code and schematics.

In one aspect, the invention includes a device for measuring electricity usage, including: means for remote disconnection by power line communication; means for detecting electricity theft; means for detecting fraud; and half for reverse voltage detection.

In another aspect, the invention includes an apparatus for multi-channel electricity metering, including: (a) an operable meter head for measuring electricity use for a plurality of electricity consumer lines; (b) a transponder in communication with the meter head and operable to transmit data received from the meter head by power line communication to a remotely located computer, and to transmit data received by power line communication from the remotely located computer to meter head; and (c) a charge control module in communication with the meter head and operable to connect and disconnect each of a plurality of relays, each relay of the plurality of relays corresponding to one of the plurality of electricity consumer lines. .

In various embodiments: (1) the apparatus further includes a fraud detector in communication with the meter head; (2) The fraud detector includes a light and a reflective surface, and the meter head is operable to instruct the load control module to disconnect all customer lines if the fraud detector provides notification that the light is not detected. reflecting from the reflective surface; (3) the apparatus further includes a housing containing the meter head, charge control module and relays, and wherein the fraud detector includes an ambient light detector entering the housing; (4) The apparatus further includes a housing containing the meter head, load control module and relays, and wherein the housing is mounted on a utility pole; (5) the apparatus further includes means for comparing transformer energy to the total energy used by consumer lines; (6) the apparatus further includes means for detecting reverse voltage flow through consumer lines; (7) The apparatus further includes a computer readable memory in communication with the meter head and a meter in communication with the meter head, the meter corresponding to a customer line and operable to count down an amount of energy stored in the memory. , and the meter head operable to send a disconnect signal to the load control module to disconnect the customer line when the counter reaches zero; (8) The apparatus further includes a computer readable memory in communication with the meter head, the operable memory for storing a load limit for a customer line, and the operable meter head for sending a disconnect signal to the meter module. load control to disconnect the client line when the load limit is exceeded; (9) The apparatus further includes a computer readable memory in communication with the meter head, the memory operable to store a usage limit for a customer line, and the meter head operable to send a disconnect signal to the meter module. load control to disconnect the client line when the usage limit is exceeded; (10) the transponder is operable to communicate with the remotely located computer over medium voltage power lines; (11) the apparatus further includes a display unit in communication with the meter head and operable to display data received from the meter head; (12) the display unit is operable to display energy consumption information of a customer; (13) the display unit is operable to display warnings concerning a customer's energy use or suspected power theft; and (14) the display unit is operable to transmit to said meter head information input by a user.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 is a block / wiring diagram showing the connection of preferred embodiments.

Figure 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration

physics of preferred embodiments.

Figures 3A-3B are schematic diagrams of a preferred CPU board of a Scan and MiniCloset Transponder.

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a preferred Scan Transponder power source.

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a preferred MiniCloset power source.

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a preferred circuit board for returning current transformer information to a MiniCloset meter head.

Figures 7A-7C are schematic diagrams of a preferred Load Control Module circuit board.

Figures 8A-8D are schematic diagrams of a preferred power supply board providing optical fraud detection.

Figures 9A-9C are schematic diagrams of a preferred Energy Guard connection plate.

Figure 10 is a schematic diagram for a control circuit board operable to provide relay control.

Figure 11 is a preferred Energy Guard base assembly diagram. Figures 12 and 13 are preferred phase bus diagrams and construction thereof.

Figure 14 is a diagram depicting construction and assembly of preferred neutral bar structure.

Figure 15 depicts preferred transition bars;

Figure 16 depicts preferred placement of transition bars.

Figures 17 and 18 depict preferred acceptor module construction.

Figure 19 depicts a preferred integrated current and relay sensor module.

Figure 20 depicts an exploded view of a preferred integrated current and relay sensor module.

Figure 21 shows exploded views of preferred measurement modules.

Figure 22 shows the measurement modules placed in an EG frame and acceptor module assembly.

Figure 23 shows an exploded view of a preferred embodiment of Energy Guard.

Figure 24 shows an exploded view of a preferred EG assembly and base assembly.

Figure 25 shows a preferred EG arrangement.

Figures 26 and 27 are preferred measurement module diagrams.

Figure 28 has preferred schematics for a rear seat plate.

Figure 29 has preferred schematics for a power board.

Figure 30 has preferred schemes for an I / O extension board. Figure 31 has preferred schemes for a CPU board.

Figure 32 has preferred schemes for a control module.

Figure 33 has preferred schematics for metering circuits and power supply for a customer display module;

Figure 34 has preferred schematics for a display board for CDM.

Figure 35 is a block diagram of a preferred analog front end for measurement.

Figures 36 and 37 depict preferred DSP implementations.

Figure 38 illustrates preferred pulse phase response and frequency filter characteristics.

Figure 39 illustrates injecting PLC signals into 60 Hz half-odd harmonics.

Figure 40 depicts 12 possible modes in which an FFT frame received by a meter may be out of phase with an FFT frame transmitted by scan transponder.

Figure 41 illustrates preferred FIR filter specifications.

Figure 42 depicts voltage and current resulting from a preferred FFT.

Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments

In one embodiment, an Energy Guard metering apparatus includes a MiniCloset (i.e. a metering apparatus operable for measuring a plurality of customer lines); a scan transponder; one or more relays operable to disconnect service for selected customers; a Load Control Module; and optical fraud detection means.

The MiniCloset and Scan Transponder referred to herein are largely the same as described in US Patent No. 6,947,854. That is, although each has been improved over the years, the functionality and structure pertinent to this description may be taken to be the same as described in that patent.

One aspect of the invention includes taking the existing multichannel measurement functionality found in the MiniCloset and adding remote PLC connection and disconnection. Provide such additional functionality as required by adding new hardware and software. Added hardware includes a Load Control Module (LCM) and connection / disconnect relays. Also added were support circuits for directing signal trails to and from the main meter processor - the MiniCloset Meter Head. Software additions include code modules that communicate with added hardware, as described in the tables below. Figure 1 is a block diagram of connections of a preferred embodiment. Medium voltage power lines A, B, C and N (neutral) feed into Distribution Transformer 110. Low voltage lines connect (via current transformers 120) Distribution Transformer 110 to Power Guard unit 140. Unit Power Guard 140 monitors current transformers 120, and supplies single-phase customer lines 1-24.

Figure 2 is a preferred structure block diagram of an Energy Guard unit 140.

Scan Transponder 210 is the preferred data collector for unit 140, may be located outside or within the MiniCloset, and may be the primary data collector for more than one MiniCloset at a time. Scan Transponder 210 preferably: (a) verifies data (each communication preferably begins with clock and meter identity verification to ensure data integrity); (b) collects data (periodically collects a block of data from each meter unit, with each block containing previously collected meter readings, interval readings, and event logs); (c) stores data (preferably the data is stored in nonvolatile memory for a specified period (eg 40 days)); and (d) reports data (either via PLC, telephone modem, RS-232 connection, or other means).

The slip plate 280 includes a Minicloset gauge head and a load control module 240, which provides the control signals to activate the relays. All electronics are preferably powered by power source 250. Backplate assembly 270 includes multiple (e.g. 24) Current Transformers and Relays - grouped in this example as three sets of 8 TCs and relays. Customer cables are wired by the CTs and connect to the circuit at customer premises 290. The remotely located Scan Transponder 210 accesses the Power Guard meter head and communicates bidirectionally using power line carrier communication. .

The signal flow shown in Figures 1 and 2 is preferably realized by implementing different software code modules that work simultaneously to enable the remote connect / disconnect ability in Minicloset. These software modules, provided in the Appendix below, are:

<table> table see original document page 12 </column> </row> <table>

Figures 3-10 are preferred component schematics as described below. Preferred connection / disconnection relays are K850 KG series relays, but those skilled in the art will recognize that other relays may be used without departing from the scope of the invention.

<table> table see original document page 12 </column> </row> <table> <table> table see original document page 13 </column> </row> <table>

In another embodiment, the Energy Guard implementation takes advantage of the architectural similarity of traditional breaker panels with the multi-channel metering environment. In a breaker panel, electricity is fed to the panel and distributed between various customer circuits by circuit breakers that provide the ability to connect or disconnect customer circuits.

In MiniCloset / Power Guard, multiple current transformers measure current in customer circuits and bring this data back to a central processing unit, where the measurement quantities are calculated. However, the MiniCloset / Power Guard has several major differences with a breaker panel. For example, while circuit breakers are found near customer premises, the Energy Guard is typically installed near the utility distribution transformer. The advantages offered by this alternate embodiment will be apparent to those skilled in the art. For example, this embodiment offers improved dimensions and overall size over the embodiments discussed above. Space is always a constraint when equipment additions are made to existing electrical installations. This version of the Energy Guard ("EG"), with preferred dimensions of 71.12 cm X 55.88 cm X 27.94 cm provides a significant advantage in situations where volumetric constraints exist.

The following description includes preferred construction details, detailed schematics, and software descriptions. As with the embodiments discussed above, this embodiment is operable to provide remote disconnect / connect operations, prevent theft, detect fraud, detect reverse voltage, perform prepayment and load limiting, and perform meter validation.

Preferred EG Build Details

In this embodiment, primary components of EG are:

1. Power Guard Base Mounting

2. Energy Guard Assembly

The. Phase Buses and Neutral Buses

B. Transition bars

ç. Acceptor Module

3. Energy Guard Measurement Modules

The. Measurement Modules

i. Integrated Current and Relay Sensor Modules

4. Power Guard Electronics

The. PCB 203

B. PCB 204

ç. PCB 234

d. PCB 235

and. PCB 202

f. PCB 210

g. PCB 230

H. PCB 206

EG Mounting Base

The EG base includes a screw housing bottom and retaining washers as a locking mechanism for the EG top cover, which is connected on one side by hinges. See Figure 11. The enclosure bottom provides routing for the customer cables.

EG Assembly - Phase Buses Three aluminum phase buses are placed to the center of the Energy Guard assembly and alternated. See Figures 12 and 13. These provide connection to customer measurement modules by use of transition bars. An alternate bus arrangement is described in Figure 13. Buses are shown in black.

Neutral Bars

The EG preferably includes 4 neutral bars forming a frame for mounting EG, thereby providing a path for the neutral current. This is shown in Figure 14. The crossbar terminal provides the neutral supply of the utility distribution transformer. Also, there are 2 motherboard neutral bars that carry the neutral current to the control module.

Transition Bars

Transition bars complete the mechanical and electrical connection between customer measuring modules and phase buses. See Figure 15. A transition bar for phase A and C is shown in Figure 15A; a phase B transition bar is shown in Figure 15B. Figure 16 shows the transition bars in black.

Acceptor Module

An acceptor module is preferably made of plastic and mechanically accepts measuring modules that can be easily fitted into the EG assembly. Each EG has 4 acceptor modules that are stacked together and can accommodate either 12 two-phase or 8 three-phase measuring modules. See Figure 17. The acceptor module also provides a mechanical route to the motherboard neutral bar that connects to the control module. See Figure 18.

Customer Measurement Modules

Preferred customer metering modules provide the metrology required to measure consumption for a single phase, two phase or three phase customer. An individual module functions as a complete independent meter that can be tested and evaluated as a separate unit of measurement. Each module preferably includes an integrated current and relay sensor module and metrology electronics, and provides a connection between the customer circuit and the phase buses. Figure 19 depicts a preferred integrated current and relay sensor module. Figure 20 depicts an exploded view of a preferred integrated current and relay sensor module.

Figure 21 shows exploded views of preferred measurement modules. Figure 22 shows the measurement modules (shown in black) placed on the EG board and acceptor module assembly.

Figure 23 shows an exploded view of Energy Guard, and

Figure 24 shows an exploded view of a preferred EG Mount and EG Base Mount.

Electronics

Control Module housings preferably include multiple PCBs that function simultaneously to collect measurement data from individual measurement modules and communicate across power lines to transmit this data to a master device, such as a Scan Transponder ("ST"). .

Figure 25 shows a preferred Energy Guard arrangement for this embodiment. Each customer line has a corresponding Measurement Module (PCB 203 and PCB 204, discussed below) (schemes shown in Figures 26 and 27).

A Backward Placement Board 2510 shown in Figure 25 (PCB 234; see Figure 28 for construction and schematic diagram) is the common bus that directs signals within the EG. There are two types of communication options on the Backplate 2510 to enable data transfer from 2520 Control Module to individual PCB 203 Measurement Modules. This can be done using either the 2-wire I2C option or the 1-serial serial option. thread.

The 2520 Control Module includes a Power Board (PCB 210; see Figure 29 for schematic) is the power supply board that also has PLC transmit and receive circuits on it. The Power Board provides power to the CPU board and 203 electronics boards. The 2520 Control Module also includes an I / O Extension Board (PCB 230; see Figure 30 for schematic) is a board with several extension options. I / O devices that enable Measurement Modules communication to the CPU board.

Control Module 2520 also includes a CPU Board (PCB 202; see Figure 31 for schematic), which has an on-board Digital Signal Processing (DSP) processor.

Finally, Control Module 2520 includes a routing board (PCB 235; see Figure 32 for schematic) with tracks and a collector with no electronics on it.

Each 2530 Client Display Module (CDM) is installed on the client premises and can communicate bidirectionally with the EG installed on the distribution transformer serving the client. Bidirectional PLC enables utility-client communication across low voltage power lines and allows the utility to send regular information, warnings, special interrupt information, etc., to the customer. Each CDM 2530 includes a selected combination of metering and power supply along with PLC circuits on the same board (PCB 240; see Figure 33 for schematic). Each CDM preferably also has a 9 digit display board (PCB 220; see Figure 34 for schematic). This display communicates with EG and displays information on consumption, precautions, warnings and other utility messages.

Hardware Implementation In one embodiment, Energy Guard implements Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the PLC communication signal both on the ST and meter, and for measurement purposes performs detailed harmonic analysis. This section discusses a schematic implementation of the Measurement Modules, communication with Control Modules, and Control Module PLC communication with a remotely located Scan Transponder.

Control Module 2520 includes power supply and PLC circuits (PCB 210; see Figures 25 and 29); I / O extension (PCB 230; see Figure 30) and CPU board named Meter D (PCB 202; see Figure 31). The power supply provides power to the D meter and I / O extension and contains the PLC transmitter and receiver circuits. PCB 235 provides track routing and collector connection between multiple cards.

The Measurement Module can have two versions: two-phase or three-phase. The two-phase version can be programmed by software to function as a single two-phase meter or two single-phase meters. The two-phase version includes a B2 meter (PCB 203, schematic shown in Figure 26), while the three-phase version includes a meter B3 (schematic PCB 204 shown in Figure 27). B meters act as slaves for meter D in the 2520 Control Module. DeB meters can communicate over a serial ASCII protocol.

The various B meters are interconnected by BPB 2510 to 2520, which provides power, a 1 Hz reference, and serial communications for meter D. The preferred DSP machine for meter B is the 56F8014VFAE Freescale chip. The preferred microprocessor used to implement the CPU on meter D is among the ColdFire Integrated Microprocessor family, MCF5207. The use of a specific processor is determined by RAM and Flash requirements dictated by the meter version. A separate power supply and LCD board complete the electronic portion of meter D as a product. Aside from acting as a meter master Β, meter D is also a three-phase meter and measures the total transformer output on which the EG is installed. As an anti-theft feature, this total is compared to the total consumption reported by the various B meters.

<formula> formula see original document page 19 </formula>

The constitution of signal flows is as follows:

B2: Two voltages, Two currents and No Power Line Carrier (PLC) Channel.

B3: Three voltages, Three currents and No PLC Channel.

D: Three voltages, Three currents and one PLC Channel.

Each stream has an associated circuitry for analog amplification and antialiasing.

Specific to meter D is the preferred implementation of:

• One Phase Locked Loop (PLL) to lock signal flow sampling to a multiple of the incoming A / C line (synchronous power line sampling).

• A 90-100 MHz DSP processor controlled voltage oscillator (VCO) controlled by two PWM modules directly driving the system clock, thereby making the DSP consistent with the PLL.

• A synchronous phase detector that responds only to the fundamental of the incoming line frequency wave and not to its harmonics.

• Option to execute FSK and PSK modulation schemes.

Each metering and communication channel preferably includes front end analog circuits followed by signal processing. Unique to analog circuits is a fixed gain anti-aliasing filter that provides first-rate temperature tracking, thereby eliminating the need to recalibrate meters when temperature drift is encountered. This is discussed below, and then a preferred signal processing implementation is discussed.

Voltage and Current Analog Signal Chain

The analog front end for voltage (current) channels includes voltage (current) sensing elements and a programmable attenuator, followed by an antialiasing filter. The attenuator reduces the incoming signal level so that no cuts occur after the anti-aliasing filter. The constant gain anti-aliasing filter restores the full-value signal to the Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) input. For measurement, the anti-aliasing filter cuts out frequencies above 5 kHz. The inputs are then fed into the ADC that is part of the DSP. See Figure 35, which is a block diagram of a preferred analog front end for measurement.

While a typical implementation would include a Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA) followed by a low gain anti-aliasing filter, the invention in this embodiment implements a programmable attenuator followed by a large fixed gain filter. In addition, the implementation of both anti-aliasing filters on a single chip is the same using the same Quad Operational Amplifiers along with 25 ppm resistors and NPO / COG capacitors. This unique implementation by matching the anti-aliasing filters ensures that the phase drift found in both voltage and current channels is exactly identical and consequently power calculation accuracy (given by the product of V and I) is not compromised. This provides a means for both V and I channels to track temperature drifts to first order without recalibrating the meter.

In contrast, using a PGA together with a low gain filter cannot track the phase shift in VeI signals input due to temperature. This is because the phase shift introduced by PGA is a function of gain.

Voltage, Current and PLC Digital Signal Chain

Figure 36 is a block diagram of PCB board 202; The functions of each block will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Figure 36 shows a preferred DSP implementation.

This embodiment preferably uses a PLL to lock the sampling of signal streams to a multiple of the incoming A / C line frequency. In the embodiment discussed above, sampling is at an asynchronous rate to the power line. On meter D, there is a 90-100 MHz VCO that is controlled by the DSP machine by two PWM modules. VCO directly excites the DSP chip system clock (disabling internal PLL), so DSP becomes an integral part of PLL. Locking the DSP system clock to the power line facilitates alignment of the sampling to the power line waveform. The phase detector should work like this to respond only to the fundamental of the incoming 60Hz wave and not to its harmonics. Figure 37 is a block diagram of this preferred DSP implementation.

A DSP BIOS or voluntary context switching code provides three stacks, each for background, PLC communications, and serial communications. The small computer communicates with the DSP using an I2C driver. The MSP430F2002 integrated circuit measures power sources, cheat gate, temperature and battery voltage. MSP430F2002 tasks include:

i. maintain an RTC;

ii. measure battery voltage;

iii. measure the temperature;

iv. measure the power source + U;

v. readjust the DSP at partial interruption; saw. provide an additional surveillance circuit; and

vii. provide a 1 second reference to enter the DSP for a time reference to measure the 1 second reference against the VCO system clock.

Meter PLC Communication Signal Chain A Typical installation consists of multiple EGs and STs communicating across power lines. Meter D communicates bidirectionally with a Scan Transponder located remotely by the distribution transformer. To enable this, this embodiment uses a 10-25 kHz band for PLC communication. The PLC signal is sampled at about 240 kHz (212 * 60), line voltage synchronous, following which a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter is applied to decimate the data. Preferred FIR specifications are given below: 10-25 kHz band

<table> table see original document page 22 </column> </row> <table>

See Figure 38 for preferred characteristics of phase filter frequency response and impulse response.

After decimation is done at 60 kHz (2 ^ 11 * 30), a 2048-point FFT is then performed on the decimated data. The data rate is thus determined to be 30 baud depending on the choice of FIR filters. Every FFT produces two bits approximately every 66 ms when using FER in the 10-25 kHz band to communicate over distribution transformers.

To avoid the problem of communicating in the presence of line noise, this embodiment preferably implements a unique technique for robust and secure communication. This is done by injecting PLC signals at frequencies that are half-odd line frequency harmonics (60Hz). This is discussed below for an embodiment using a typical noise spectrum found on AC lines in the range 12-12.2 kHz. Figure 39 illustrates injecting PLC signals into 60 Hz half-odd harmonics. Since FFT is made at all 30 Hz and the harmonics are separated by 60 Hz, the data bits reside in the box corresponding to 201.5 ° and 202, 5th 60 Hz harmonic in Figure 39. The algorithm considers these two frequency boxes and compares the signal amplitude on both to determine 1 or 0. This FSK scheme uses two frequencies and produces a data rate of 30 baud. Alternatively, QFSK, which uses 4 frequencies, can be implemented to produce 60 baud.

When traversing transformers, preferably both STs and D meters perform FFT on the PLC and data signals at all 30 Hz in a range of 10-25 kHz. Because the Phase Locked Loops (PLLs) implemented on both the ST and meter D are line locked, the data frames are synchronized to the line frequency (60 Hz) equally. However, data frames may shift in phase due to:

1. various transformer configurations that may exist in the path between ST and meter (delta-epsilon, etc.); and

2. a phase shift due to the fact that STs are locked in a particular phase, while single and polyphase meters can be energized by other phases.

Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) is maximized when the meter data frame and ST data frames are aligned close to perfection. From a meter standpoint, this requires receiving PLC signal from all possible STs that can "hear", decoding the signal, checking for SNR aligning data frames, and then responding to the ST producing maximum SNR. Figure 40 depicts the 12 possible modes in which the FFT frame received by the meter may be out of phase with ST FFT frame. Dotted lines correspond to a 30 degree rotation considering a delta transformer in the signal path between ST and the meter.

In addition, because data frames are available at all 30 Hz on a 60 Hz line5 there are two possibilities corresponding to the 2 possible phases obtained by dividing 60 Hz by 2. Therefore, there are 24 modes that meter data frames may be misaligned. with ST data frames.

In each ST frame, there is an odd integral number of carrier frequency cycles. Since the preferred modulation scheme is Frequency Shift Switching (FSK), if there are η cycles to transmit bit 1, bit 0 is transmitted using n + 2 carrier frequency cycles. It is vital for the meter to recognize its own 2 60 Hz cycles in order to be able to decode its data bits that are available every 1/30 of a second.

If meter D decodes signals with misaligned data frames, there is energy overflowing at adjacent frequencies (separate half-odd). If the signal level falling in the "adjacent" frequency box is less than the background noise, the signal may be decoded correctly. However, if the spill is more than the background noise, the ability to distinguish between IeO decreases, and consequently the overall SNR drops, resulting in a decoding error. In conclusion:

The. If frames are misaligned, data bit contamination occurs and SNR degrades.

B. In the event that the frequency changes and there are misaligned data frames, there is a significant amount of energy overflowing in the adjacent FFT boxes, consequently interfering with the other STs in the system that communicate using frequencies in these specific boxes. Once the clock offset is determined corresponding to the highest SNR, the meter then locks up until a significant change in SNR ratio is encountered by the meter, in which case the process repeats.

DeB Meter Measurement Implementation using FFT

While versions of meter B and meter D perform measurement, meter D is also responsible for collecting measurement information from the various B meters by PCB 234. Each data stream in the meters has an associated circuitry for analog amplification and anti-aliasing. . Each of the analog front end sections has a programmable attenuator that is controlled by the highest level code. The data stream is sampled at 60 kHz (210 * 60) and then an FIR filter is applied to decimate the data stream at ~ 15 kHz (28 * 60). Preferred filter specifications are shown in the table below and Figure 41.

<table> table see original document page 25 </column> </row> <table>

Since only data up to 3 kHz is of interest, preferably a 3-12 kHz range in decimation FIR is used with -15KHZ sample rate. The frequencies 0-3 kHz or 12-15 kHz are mapped to 0-3 kHz. A real FFT is performed to produce 2 data streams that can be further decomposed into 4 data streams: Real and Imaginary Voltage and Real and Imaginary Current. This is achieved by adding and subtracting positive and negative mirror frequencies to the real and imaginary parts, respectively. Since the aliased signal in the 12-15 kHz range falls below 80 dB, accuracy is achieved using the FIR filter discussed above. Alternatively, a complex 256-point FFT can be performed at every stage of the decimated data stream. This produces 2 pairs of data streams: a real part, which is the voltage, and an imaginary part, which is the current. This approach requires a complex 256-point FFT at all 16,667 milliseconds.

The results of performing any FFT are the voltage and current shown in Figure 42, where the notation Vm, n denotes the mth harmonic of the nth cycle number. For example, V11 and I11 correspond to the fundamental of the first cycle, and V21 and I21 to the first harmonic of the first cycle, etc., as shown in Figure 42, which depicts FFT voltage frames indicating the harmonics.

The real and imaginary parts of the harmonic content of any kth cycle are given by:

Vmk = Re (Vmk) + Im (Vmk); m = 1, ..., M Imk = Re (Imk) + Im (1mk); k = 1, ..., η

The imaginary part of voltage is the measure of lack of synchronization between PLL and line frequency. In order to calculate measurement quantities, calculations are made in the time domain. In the time domain, FFT functionality offers the flexibility to calculate measurement quantities using either the fundamental only or including the harmonics. Using the complex form of voltage and current obtained from the FFT, the measurement quantities are calculated as:

Pm * Imk

W = Re (P) = Re (Vmk * Re (Imk + Im (Imk) * Im (Vmk)

Var = Im (P) = Re (Imk) * Im (Vmk) - Re (Vmk) * Im (Imk)

Power Factor = W / P

However, in the previous formulas, when harmonics are included (Vmk and Imk; m = 1, ... M; k = 1, ... n), all measurement quantities include harmonic effects. On the other hand, when only the fundamental is used (Vlk and Ilk), all calculated quantities represent only the 60 Hz contribution. As an example, we show calculations only when the fundamental is used to perform calculations. Only Vte I1 are used from all FFT data frames. The following quantities are calculated for a given set of N frames and a funnel frequency:

<formula> formula see original document page 27 </formula>

for N cycles.

This flexibility to either include or exclude harmonics when calculating measurement quantities translates to a significant improvement over the capabilities offered by the above described embodiment. Yet another feature offered by this embodiment is the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) calculation. THD is the measurement of the present harmonic distortion, and is defined as the ratio of the sum of the powers of all harmonic components to the power of the fundamental. For the nth cycle, this is evaluated as:

<formula> formula see original document page 27 </formula>

Vmn (Imn) is the mth harmonic of the nth cycle obtained from the FFT, where

<formula> formula see original document page 28 </formula>

Client Display Module

The customer display module is installed at the customer premises, communicates with the Energy Guard near the transformer, and includes: PCB 240, power supply and PLC circuits (see Figure 33); and PCB 220, LCD display (see Figure 34). In one embodiment, the customer display unit installed at the customer's residence is a bidirectional PLC unit that communicates with EG. For example, not only can the utility send messages, the customer can also request a consumption check with the EG installed on the pole.

While certain specific embodiments of the invention have been described herein for illustrative purposes, the invention is not limited to the specific details, representative devices, and illustrative examples shown and described herein. Various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. <table> table see original document page 29 </column> </row> <table> <table> table see original document page 30 </column> </row> <table> <table> table see original document page 31 < / column> </row> <table> <table> table see original document page 32 </column> </row> <table> <table> table see original document page 33 </column> </row> <table> mov! PORTC, # read_TRISC; Switch C port bit 0-4 to input clrb ctl_port.driver_enable; Disable output drivers, enable jumper read mov temp, # 9: loop djnz temp,: loop; Wait at least 20 uSee mov W ^ PORTC; Get inverse of jumpers in W mov Work_addr, W; Savejumpervalue setb ctl_portdriver_enable; Enable output drivers mov! PORTC, # init TRISC; Restore C port status mov Jumper StatejWork addr; Savejumper state and Work_addr, # 03h; Ignore ali but 2 LSBs add Work addr, # LCM base addr; Add base offset cjne Work_addr, PIC_addr, Set_edge_wait Its_us mov Wstate, # Rcv_cmd; point to next routine jmp Rcvnextword Rcv_cmd mov Command, Comm_bufFer; save command jnb Command.4, Comm_get_fast; Fast read command, skip Reg ID mov Wstate, # Rcv_regJE>; point to next routine jmp Rcv_next_word Comm get fast; point to next routine mov Wstate, # Rcv_tpar jmp Rcvnextword Rcv reg ID mov register_ID5Comm_buffer; save register number mov Wstate, # Rcv_tpar; point to next routine jnb Command .3, Rcv_next_word; Ifno value, done mov word__count, # 7; Init word count mov Wstate, # Rcv_value; point to next routine jmp Rcv_next_word Rcv value rl CommJbuffer rl Shifl rcvd bits to MSBs mov Comm__bit_count, # 5; shift 5 bits: shift loop rl Comm_buffer rl Comm_buf + 4 rl Comm__buf + 3 rl Comm_buf + -2 rl Comm_buf + l rl Comm_buf; Bit shift from CommJbuf to comm_bui djnz Comm_bit_count,: shift_loop djnz word_count, Rcv_next_word; any more words? mov Wstate, # Rcv_tpar; point to next routine jmp Rcv_next_word Rcv_tpar mov WjTpar; Get result of parity calculations jnz Parityerror; If not 0, parity error jmp Set_rcv_stop; set up to receive stop bit; Comm transmit word handler routines

9th

XmitwordhandIer

djnz Comm_bit_count, Comm_ret

Doxmitword

mov PCLATH, # $ <mov W5Wstate jmp W

; Ifword not complete, continue

; Run word handler routine

Send_addr mov mov jmp

Send_cmd

mov

jnb

mov

Value_is_next mov jmp

Send_reg_ID mov mov jmp

Send_value mov mov

Wstate, # Send_cmd> W, PIC_addr Send next word

Wstate, # Send_value>

Command.4, Value_is_next

Wstate, # Send_reg_ID>

WsCommand Send next word

Wstate, # Send_value> W, Register_ID Send next word

Wstate, # Next_value> Word_count, # 7

; point to next word routine; get address

; point to send value

; Is it fast read command? ; point to next word routine

; get command

; point to next word routine; get Register ID

; point to next word routine; value is 7 words Iong

Next value

: loop

mov Comm_bit_count, # 5

laugh comm_buf + 4

rl comm_buf + 3

laugh Comm_buf + 2

laugh Comm_buf + l

rl Comm_buf

rl Comm_buffer

djnz Comm_bit_count,: Ioop

mov WjCommbuffer

djnz word_count, S end_next_wor d

mov Wstate, # Send_Tpar>

mov W5Commbuffer

jmp Send_next_word

; Get 5-bit word; If not Iast word, set there; send parity next

Send_Tpar mov mov

Wstate, # Send_stop W.Tpar

; point to next word routine; get transverse parity <table> table see original document page 36 </column> </row> <table> <table> table see original document page 37 </column> </row> <table> <table> table see original document page 38 </column> </row> <table> <table> table see original document page 39 </column> </row> <table> <table> table see original document page 40 </column> </row> <table> PIC.DEF

/ *

include file for serial communication with pic chips * /

#pragma switch (ALL, FREQ)

switch (PIC_serial_status) {

case sending_bits: case sending st5 bits:

#ifdef VATEST

out_bit_value = (PICxmitBuf.bits.bufLong [0] and 0x80000000)! = 0; / * out bit value = MSB * /

PICxmitBuf.bits.bufLong [0] = PICxmitBuf.bits.bufLong [0] «1; if (PICxmitBuf.bits.bufLong [l] and 0x80000000)

PICxmitBuf.bits.bufLongCO] ++; PICxmitBuf.bits.bufLongfl] = PICxmitBuf.bits.bufLong [1] «1; if (PICxmitBuf.bits.bufLong [2] and 0x80000000)

PICxmitBuf.bits.bufLong [l] ++; PICxmitB uf.bits.bufLong [2] = PICxmitBuf.bits.bufLong [2] «1; / * Shift 96-bit buffer * /

#else

out_bit_value = 0;

shift_LSB_ptr = andPICxmitBuf.bits.bufByte [12]; / * point past least significant word of 96-bit register * /

asm ("MOVE.L _shift_LSB_ptr, A0" "ROXL.W - (AO)", "ROXL.W - (AO)", "ROXL.W - (AO)", "ROXL.W - (AO)", "ROXL.W - (AO)", "ROXL.W - (AO)",

/ * Get pointer to buffer, clear carry * / l * rotate Iefl and decrement pointer * / / * rotate Ieft and decrement pointer * / / * rotate Iefl and decrement pointer * / / * rotate Iefl and decrement pointer * / / * rotate Iefl and decrement pointer * / / * 96 bits have been shifted, MSB is in carry

"ROXL.W

);

out bit value "

/ * Put MSB in out bit value * /

#endif

break; case do_send_cmd: bitcouní = NUM_STARTJBITS-1; PIC_serial__status = sending_start; out_bit_value = 0; break; case do_PIC_start:

bit_count = 3 * BITS_PER_SEC; out_bit_value = I;

PIC_serial_status = sending_PlC_start; break; case sending_start: out_bit_value = 0; break; case sending_stop: case sending start 1: out_bit_value - 1; break; default: out_bit_vaIue = 1;

}

if (out_bit_vaIue)

fs1004.io.pulse0ut20ff = 1; else

fs1004.io.pulsé0ut20ff = 0; / * Send bit out * /

in_bit_value = fsl004.io.pulseInlState; / * Get rcvd bit value * / fsl004.io.pulse0utl0ff = 1; / * Send clock rising edge * /

switch (PIC_serial_status) {

case waiting_for_start: if (in_bit_value = 0) zero_count ++;

else {

if (zerocount = (NUM_START_BITS-1)) {

.PIC_seriaI_status = rcving_bits;

bit_count = PICrcvBuf.bitCount + 1; }

else

zero_count = 0;

}

break; case rcving bits:

# ifdef VATEST

PICrcvBuf.bits.bufLongfO] = PICrcvBuf.bits.bufLong [0] «1; if (PICrcvBuf.bits.bufLong [l] and 0x80000000)

PICrcvBuf.bits.bufLongfO] ++; PlCrcvBuf.bits.bufLong [l] = PICrcvBuf.bits.bufLong [l] '1; if (PlCrcvBuf.bits.bufLong [2] and 0x80000000)

PICrcvBuf.bits.bufLong [l] ++; PICrcvBuf.bfts.bufLong [2] = (PICrcvBuf.bits.bufLong [2] «1) + inbitvalue;

#else

shift_LSB_ptr = andPICrcvBuf.bits.bufByte [12]; / * point past least significant word of 96-bit register * /

asm ("MOVE.L _shift_LSB_ptr, A0", / * Get pointer to buffer, clear carry * /

- (AO) ", / * rotate Iefl and decrement pointer * /

- (AO) ", / * rotate Ieft and decrement pointer * /

- (A0) "s / * rotate Ieft and decrement pointer * /

- (AO) ", J * rotate Ieft and decrement pointer * /

- (AO) ", / * rotate Ieft and decrement pointer * /

- (AO) "/ * 96 bits have been shifted, LSb is unknown

"ROXLAV" ROXL.W "ROXL.W ROXL.W" ROXL.W "* ROXL.W);

PICrcvBuf.bits.bufByte [11] = (PICrcvBuf.bits.bufByte [11] and Oxfe) 1 in_bit_value; / * add in received bit * /

#endif

break;

default: {

>

>

if (-bit_count <= O) {

switch (PIC_serial_status) {

case rcving_bits: PIC_serial_status = rcvingjrtop; bit_count = 1; brsak; case sendingjbits: PlC_seri al_status = sending_stop; bit_count = 1; . break; case sending stop: if (PICxinitBuf.PIC_addr == GLOBAL_PIC_ADDR) PIC_serial_stalus = idle;

else {

PIC_seriaI_status = waiting for start; bit_count = PIC_wait_limit;

zero_count = 0; >

break; case sending_PIC_start: PlC_seriaI_status = idle; break; case sending_start: PIÇ_seria lstatus = sending_start_l; bit__count = 1; break; case sending Start 1: PIC_serial_status = sending_bits; bit__count = PICxmitBuf.bitCount break; case waiting_for_start: PICrcvBuf.flags | = rcv_timeout_flag | rcv_data_ready_flag; PIC_serial_status = idle; break; case rcving stop: if. (in_bit_value = 0)

PlCrcvBufilags | = rcv_bad_length_flag; PIC_serial_status = idle; PCrcvBuf.flags J = rcv_data_ready_flag; bit ^ count = I; break;

default: PlC_serial_status = idle;

>

}

#pragma Switch (ALL3NOFREO) PULSE.C

Trinclude "mtrlink.def 'f * #include" flash.def "* / # define PSTRU_DEFINED í / include" pulselink.def

#include "pulse.h" #include "ufloat.h"

tfinclude "log.h"

tfinclude "alami.h"

#include "copymem.h"

#include "plcctrl.h"

#include <stdio.h>

# ifdeffakeMC5

#undef NUMPH - #definc NUMPH 24 srendif

/ * set WDT flags for the PIC communication routine * / tfpragma region Cram = WDTFIags ") shortint WDTpulseSec; #pragma region (" ram = ram ")

#pragma region ("data = secondBack") void (* pulseSecondp) (void) = pulseSecond; tfpragma region ("date = date")

#ifndef IS_MC5

#pragma region ("data = everySubsecond") í / ifdef ISRS M

void (* pu! seSubsecp) (void) = pulseSubsecond; #else

void (* pulseSubsecp) (void) = puIseService; meaning

#pragma. region ("data = date") #endif

#pragma region ("data = powerUp") void (* puIseStartupp) (void) = puIseStartup; tfpragma region ("date = date")

#pragma region ("data = dayBack") void (* pulseDayp) (void) = pulseDay; #pragma region ("data = data") / * clear out PIC * /

void pulseColdstartO.

r Ϊ.

int i;

for (i = 0; i <num_PICs; H +)

if (PIC_status [i] .software_type == 3) {

PIC_status [i] .clear_pulse_regs = TRUE;

PIC_status [i] .getstatus = TRUE; >

. clear state = SEND_GLOBAL_CLR; }

void pulseStartup (void)

x

int i;

#ifndef IS_RSM

int work_PIC_addr; tfendif

# ifdefIS_MC5

int work_num_puIses; #endif

#ifdef VATEST / * testlül! * /

temp_command = SYSTEM_CONTROL; tempregED = 0;

temp_command_data = READENCODERID; tempflags = rcv_data_ready_flag; tfendif

for (i = 0; (! dont_clearJPIC_stats) andand (i <{2 * NUMPH)); i ++) {

puIseData [i] .error_cnt = 0; pulseData [i] .ID_fie] d [0] = 0;

pulscData [i] .reading - 0; }

for Ci = O; i <MAX_PICS; i ++) PIC_stable [i] .PIC__addr = 0;

hoId__num_puIse__ctrs = reIeaseÇodep-> option.numPuIseCounters; if (hold_num_pulse_ctrs> NUMPH) num_pulse_ctrs = NUMPH; • else

num_pulse_ctrs = hold_num_pulse_ctrs; num__PJCs = 1; tfifdef IS_MC5

. PIC_status [0] .PIC_addr = MC5 JVTUXJPIC_ADDR; / * If MC5, add PDM PIC (s) to PIC table * / if (int_configltmessg.configLTM [PULSE] .accum) {

work_num_pulses = num_pulse_ctrs; work_PIC_addr = 0;

while (work_num_puIses> 0) {

PIC_status [numPICs ++] .PICaddr = work_PIC_addr ++; / * Pulse counters for Ql3

work_num_pulses - = 4; } * ·

}

. if (int_confígltmessg.confígLTM [PULS E2] .accum)

{■ · .. · · work_num_pulses = num_pulse_ctrs; work_PIC_addr = 6;

while (work_num_pulses> 0) {

PTC_status [num_PICs ++] PIC jiddr = \ vork_PlC_addi-H-; / * Pulse counters for Q14

work_num_pulses - = 4; >

>

num LCMs = releaseCodep-> option.LCM_flags and 0x03; workPICaddr = LCMB A S EADDR;

for (i = 0; i <nurn_LCMs; i ++) {

PIC_status [num_PICs ++] PIC_addr = work_PIC_addr ++; / * LCM's * /}

#else

deifIS_ST5

PIC_status [0] .PIC_addr = ST5_MUX_PIC_ADDR; / * If ST5, add mux to PIC table * / ATM_work = releaseCodep-> option.couplers_mask; work_PIC_addr = ATM_BASE_ADDR;

for (i = 0; i <4; i ++) {

if ((ATM_work and 0x08)! = 0) {/ * Bit is set in mask, add ATM PIC to table * /

PJC_status [numJPICs ++] PIC_addr = work_PIC_addr; >

work_PIÇ_addr ++;

ATMwork = ATM_work '1; }

#else

if (num_pulse_ctrs = 0) numPICs = 0; tfendif #endif

for Ci = O; i <MAX__PICS; i ++)

{/ * Build PlC table * /

PIC_status [i] .get_semo = TRUE; PIC_status [i] .get_version = TRUE; PIC_status [i] .get_status = FALSE; . PlCstatusfi] .reset_status = FALSE; PIC_status [i] .update_parameter = FALSE; if (! dont__clear_PIC_stats) {"

PIC_status [i] .PIC_reset_count = 0; PIC_status [i] .comm_error_count = 0; PlC_status [i]. PIC_data_err__count = O; PIC_status [i] .software_type = O; PlC_status [i] .software_version = 0;

PIC_status [i] .serial_number = O; >

PIC_status [i] .cuir_puIse_reg = O;

#ifdef IS_MC5

if (PIC_status [i] .PICjaddr> = ST5_MUX_PIC_ADDR)

PIC_status [i] .repIy_waitJimit = DIRECT_PIC_WAIT_LIMIT; else

PIC_status [i] .rep] y_wait_limit = BUFFERED_PIC_WATT_LIMIT;

/ 'else

PlC_status [i] .replywaitlimit = DIRECT_PIC_WAIT_LIMIT; #endif

if (PIC_status [i] .PIC_addr <= MAX_PULSE_PIC_ADDR)

Pl C_slatus [i] .num_pu lse_regs = PULSES_PER_PIC; else ·

PIC_status [i] .num_pulse_regs = 0;

}

current_PIC_index = O; rcv_PJC_index = O;

if (dont_clear_PIC_stats)

dont_clear_PIC_stats = FALSE; / * CIear flag * /

else {

PIC_bad_addr__count = O; PICrcvBuf.flags = O; PIC ^ serial_status = do_PIÇ_start;

PIC_clk state = clk_Iow; '/ * Initialize serial comin variables * /

}

clear_state = NOGLOB ALSEND;

pulseOutMode = releaseCode.option.picMode; / * for compatibility with old code * /

if (startup.eoldStart) {

pulseColdstartO; } const unsígned char parlty6 [32] =

{1,2,4,7,8,11,13,14,16,19,21,22,25,26,28,31,32,35,37,38,41,42.44,47,49,50 , 52.55.56.59,61,62>;

void pulseDayO {

dont_clear_PIC_stats = TRUE; / * Tell pulseStartup not to clear error counts * f rebuild_timer = REBUILD_DELAY; / * Set up for delayed table rebuild * /

}

void pulseSecond {

# ifndeflS_ST5

pulseServiceO; #endif

if (Comm_background_flags.do_rebuild) {

pulseStartupO;

Comm_background_flags. do_rebui 1 d = FALSE; >

,. if (Cornm_background_flags.do_alarm). {

putAlarm (andPIC_alarm, 4);

Comm_background_flags.do_alarm = FALSE; }

<

/ * set_PLC_relays fimction * /

/ * Called from PLC routines to request update of * / / * PLC multi-port PIC eip on ST5 power board * /

# ifdefIS_ST5

void setJPLC_relays (int xmitRelay, int rcvRelay) {

- while (MUX_controLactivejflag || MUX_control.request_flag) {

ccwaitO; }

MUX_oontrol jcmit_mask = xmitRelay; MUX_control.rcv_mask = rcvRelay; MUXjcontrol .done__flag = FALSE; MUX_control.request_flag = TRUE;

if ((MUX_control.xmit_mask! = MUX_control.last_xmit_mask) ||

(MUX_control.rcv_mask! = MUX_control.last_rcv_mask)) {

• while (! MUX_control.done_flag andand

! (MUX_controLactive_flag andand (PIC_serial_status === rcving bits)))

{

ccwaiíOí}

}

> #endif

void pulseServiee (void)

r

\

BOOLEAN need_pulse_read, copy_rcvd_data, rcv_buf_err;

#ifdef IS_MC5 BOOLEAN

got_ver_3, got_ver_3_3;

int j;

unsigned char * work_char_jptr; unsigned Iong work_bit_mask; #endif

, int \ voik_pul se_index;

phaccum accumXfer; ■ int i;

if (numJPICs - O)

PIÇ_serial_status = idle;

if (PIC_serial_status = idle) {

if (! WDTpuIseSec)

WDTpulseSec = I; / * Tell WDT controller that we are OK * /

}

if (hoId_num_pulse_ctrs! = releaseCodep-> option.numPuIseCounters) {/ * hdwr -n has changed * /

dont_clear_PIÇ_stats = FALSE;

rebuild_timer = 1; / * Force immediate table rebuild * />

. if ((PIC_serial_status = idle) andand (rebuild_timer! = 0) andand

(—Rebuild_timer = O)) {

Comm_background_flags.do_rebuild = TRUE; }

else if ((PIC_serialjjstatus = idle) andand (num PICs! = 0) andand (puIseOutMode! = PIC_MC_SERIAL) andand

(! Comm_backgrotind_f] ags.do_rebuild)) í * Serial processing enabled? + /

{

if (PICrcvBuf.ílags and rcv_data_ready_flag)

{/ * Process received message * /

PICrcvBuf.ílags and = ~ rcv_data_ready_flag; rcvjbufjerr -! decade_rcv_buffer ();

if ((PIC_comm_mon.control_flags and RCVDATARDY) = 0) {

PIC_comm_mon.rcv_buf = PICrcvBuf;

PIC_comm_mon.control_flags | = RCV DATA RDY; }

if ((ext_comm.control_flags and CPY_RCV_DATA)! = 0) t

\

extjcomm .rcv_buf = PICrcvBuf; ext_comm.control_fIags and = ~ CPY_RCV_DATA;

ext_comm.control__flags | = RCV_DATA RDY; >

# ifdefIS_ST5

if (ATM_control.active_flag) {

ATM__control.result_flags = PICrcvBuf.flags;

if (rcv_buf_err) {

if (ATM control.state! = WATT ALIGN) {

ATM_controI.error_flag = TRUE; ATM_contro] .active_flag - FALSE;

• ATM_controi.done_flag = TRUE;

•> -

>

cise {·

switch (ATM control.state) {

case DOPRESET: {

ATM_control.xmit_IeveI = PICrcvBuf.command_data »24; ATM_control.coupIer_level = (PICrcvBuf.command_data »16) and OxOff;

ATM_control .acti ve_flag = FALSE; }

break;

case SET_AL1GN: {

ATM_controI. state = WATT_ALIGN; >

break:

case \ VAIT_ALIGN: {

ATM_control.optimum_cap_code = PICrcvB uf.command_data and ATMJRC_CAP_MASK;

ATM_control.optimum_reading = PICrcvBuf.command_data »16; ATM_control.result_flags | = (PICrcvBuf.command_data and OxeOOO);

/ * Copy flags from reply * /, if ((ATM_control.result_flags and OxeOOO)! = 0)

{/ * AnaJog leads out of range * /

ATM_control.error_flag = TRUE; \ if (ATM_control.optimum_reading <ATM_MIN_READTNG) {

ATM_contxol.resultJflags | = 0x1000; / * Indicate reading too Iow * /

ATM_control.error_flag = TRUE; >

AlM_controI.active_flag = FALSE; >

break; case DOJPLC_SET:

case DO_ATM_DISCONNECT: {

ATM_controI.active_flag- = FALSE; }

break;

default: {

ATM_control.aclive_flag = FALSE;

ATM_controI.error_flag = TRUE; }

break;

}

>

if (! ATM_contro1.active_flag) ATM_control.done_flag = TRUE;

>

if (MUX_control.active_flag) {

MUX_controI.resuIt_flags = PICrcvBuf.flags;

if (rcv_buf_err) {

MUX_control.error_flag = TRUE; MUX_control.last_xmit_mask = 0;

MUX_control.last_rcv_mask = 0; }

cise {

M U X_contro 1.1 ast_xmit_m ask == PICrcvBuf.command_data and Oxfif;

MUX_control.last_rcv_mask = (PICrcvBuf.command_data.8) and OxfF; }

MUX_control.active_flag = FALSE;

MUX_control.done_flag = TRUE; >

#endif

if (rcv_buf_err) {

#ifdef IS_ST5

if f! ATM_control.active_flag || (ATM_controI.state í = WAIT ALIGN))

tfendif

{

last_comm_err_flag = PICrcvBuf.flags;

copymem (sizeof (PICbitBuf), (char *) (andHoldrcvBuf), (char *) (andPICrcvBuf));

if ((PICrcvBuf.flags and rcv_bad_addr_flag)! = 0) {/ * past end of valid PICs, address error * / PIC_bad_addr_counH- +;

set_PIC_alarm (PIC_adderr_OJPICrcvBuf.PIC_addr,

(PICxmitBuf.PICjaddr (8) + PICxmitBuf.command);

}

else

{/ * PIC address was valid, but failed * / PIC_status [rcv_PIC_index] .comm_error_countr »- +;

if (PIC_status [rcv_PIC_index] .comm_error_count> 2) {

set_PIC_aIarm (PIC_coraeiT_0JPIC_status [rcv_PIC_index] .PIC_addr, PICrcvBuf.flags);

}

/ * Lost contact with PlC, read serial number and software version * / PIC_status [rcv_PIC_index] .get_serno = TRUE;

PIC_status [rcv_PIÇ_index] .get_version = TRUE; }

}

>

else

{/ * Valid message received * /

if ((PICrcvBuf.command = READJREGISTER) andand (PICrcvBuf.regjnD =

STATUS_REG)) {

process_status_bits (); >

else if (PTCrcvBufLcommand = SYSTEM_CONTROL) {

if (PlCrcvBuf.regJD == STATUS_REG) {/ * Response frome reset status bits cmd * /

PIC_status [rcv_PIC_index] .reser_status = FALSE;

process_status_b itsÇ); }

/ fifdef IS_MC5

else if ((PIC_status [rcv_PIC_index] .softwaretype = 4) andand

((PIC_status [rcv_PICJndex) .last_cmd_data and OxffffOOOO) = READ_ENCODER_iD))

{/ * response from encoder read ID comd * /

work__pulseJndex = (PICrcvBuf.PIC_addr * PULSES_PERJPIC) + PICrcvBuf.regJD;

i = (PlC_status [rcv_PIC_index] .last_cmd_data and OxOOOOffDO) 8; work_char_ptr = (unsigned char *) andPICrcvBuf.command__data;

for (j = 0; j <4; j ++) ·.

{

if ((* work_char__ptr = O) || (i> = ID_FIELD_LENGTH)> {

j = 10; / * indicate end of message found * J}

else {

pulseData [workjpu! se_index] .ID_buffer [í] = * work_char_ptr; i ++;

work_char_ptr-H-; >

> <table> table see original document page 54 </column> </row> <table> if (work_puIse_index <(NUMPH * 2)) {

pulseData [work_pulse_index] .reading = PlCrcvBuf.command_data; copy_rcvd_data = FALSE; . ' '· · ·

if (PIC_status [rcv_PIC_index] .get_version) {

>

else if (PIC_status [rcv_PIC_index] .sofhvare_type = 4) {/ * Remote encoder interface module * /

• copy_rcvd_data - TRUE;

• accumXfer.low = pulseData [work_pulse_index] .reading; }

else if (PIC_status [rcvJPJC_index] .software_type - 3) {/ * Remote pulse counter module * /

copy_rcvd_data = TRUE;

if (! PIC_status [rcv_PIC_index] .get_serno) {

sprmtf ((char *) pulseData [work_pulse_index] .ID_field, "S% 08 ldP% d", PIC__status [rcv_PTC_index] .serial_number, PICrcvBuf.regJD);

>

if (releaseCode.option.countEveryEdge) {

accumXfer.low = pulseData [work_pulse_index] .reading; >

else {·

accumXfer.low = pulseData [work_pulse_index] .reading »1; }

}

accumXfer.high = OL; #ifhdef VATEST

if (copy_rcvd_data) {

#ifhdef IS_MC5

/ * It is an RSM or ST5, so mapping for pulse 1 thru 4 is M1Q13, M1Q14, M2Q13,

M2Q14 * /

ph [0] [workjulse_index / 2] [(workjpulse_indexand0x0l)? PULSE2: PULSEl] .accum =

ph [1] [work_pulse_index / 2] [(work_pulse_indexand0x01)? PULSE2: PULSE 1] .accum = accumXfer;

f / e Ise

/ * It is an MC5, so mapping for pulse 1 thru 48 is M1Q13..M24Q13, M1Q14..M24Q14 V

ph [0] [workjpuIseJndex% l ^ MPH] [(workju! se ^ m = <table> table see original document page 56 </column> </row> <table> PICxmitBuf.command = WRITEJREGISTER; PICxmitBuf.reg_ID = OUTPUT_REG ;

PICxmitBuf.command_data = ATM_control.start_cap_code and ATM_RCCAP_MASK;

PICxmitBuf.command_data | = ATM_PRESET_CODE; "ATM_controI.state = DOJPRESET; break;

case DOJaLIQN:

. PICxmitBuf.command = WRTTE_REGISTER; PICxmitBuf.reglD 'CONTROLREG;

if (ATM_control.start_cap_code> ATM_control.end_cap_code)

ATM_control.end_cap_code = ATMcontrol .start_cap_code; PICxmitBnf.command_data = ATM__control.start_cap_code and ATM_RC_CAP_MASK;

PICxmitBuf.command_data = (PICxmitBuf.command_data «12) |

(ATM_control .end_cap_code and ATM_RC_CAP_MASK) I (ATM_MEAS_TIME '24); ATM_control.state = SET_ALIGN;

ATM_control.align_timer = ATM_control.end_cap_code - ATM_control .start_cap_code;

ATM_control.align_timer * = ((ATM DISC_TIME + ATM_MEAS_TTME + 4) * (1.25 / 62.5));

ATM_control.align_timer + = 13; / * Time in 1/64 sec to wait before checking

result * í

/ * Number of steps * time per step + 25% + .2 second * /

break;

case SET_NORMAL_PLC: PICxm itBuf.command = WRliEREGXS TER; PICxmitBufregJD = OUTPUT_REG;

PICxm itBuf.command_data = ATM_cojitrol.optimum_cap_code and ATM_JRC_CAP_MASK;

PICxmitBuf.commanddata | = ATM_PLC_CODE;

ATM_control.state = DOPLCJSET;

break;

case DISCONNECTICOUPLER: PICxmitBuf.command = WRTTER EG1STER; PlCxmitBuf.reg_ID = OUTPUT_REG;

PICxmitBuf.command__data = ATM_eontro !, optimum_cap_code and ATMRCC ΑΡΜΑ SK;

PICxmitBuf.command data | = ATM_DISC_CODE; . ATM_control.state = DO_ATM__DISCONNECT; break;

defauJt:

case READ_XM1T_LEVEL:. ATM_control.error_flag = TRUE; ATM_control.done_flag = TRUE; ATM_control.active_flag - FALSE; break; if (ATM_confrol.active_flag) {

formatjxmitJbufferO;

PIC_wait_limit = DIRECT_PIC_WAIT_LIMIT; PIC_serial_status = do_send__cmd; / * Start UART * /

>

else if (ATM_control.active_flag) {

if ((ATM_control.state! = WAIT ALIGN) ||

(~ ATM_control .a) ign_timer <= 0 »{

ATM_control.error_flag = TRUE; ATM_control.done_flag = TRUE;

ATM_control.active_flag = FALSE; >

eise

{/ * poly ATM for auto-tune end * /

PxmitBuf.command = 0;

format_xmitjbuffer0;

PIC_waitJimit = DIRECTJPICJWAITJLIMIT;

PIC_seriaI_status = do_send cmd; J * Start UART * /}

}

else if (MTJX_controI.request_flag) {

MUX_control.request__flag = FALSE; MUX_control.error_flag = FALSE;

if ((pulseOutMode = P1C_ST_SERIAL)) {

PICximtBuf.bils.bufByte [0] = ((MUX_control.rcv_mask and 0x03) «5) | ((MUX_control.xmit_mask and 0x7f) 2);

PICxmitBuf, bits .bufByte [1] = ((MUX_control.xmit_mask and 0x03) 6);

bit_count = 11;

PIC_serial_status = sending_stS_bits; / * Start UART * / MUX_controI.last_xmit_mask = MUX_control.xmit_n? Ask; MUX_control.Iast_rcv_mask = MUX_control. rcv_mask; MUX_control.done_flag = TRUE;

else {

MUX_controI.active_flag = TRUE; PICxmitBuf.PIC_addr = ST5_MUX_PIC_ADDR; PmitmitBuf.command = WRITEREG1STER; P ICxm itB uf.reglD = OUTPUT_REG;

.PICxmitBuf.command_data = (MUX_controI.rcv_mask '8) + NlUXcontrol.xmitjmask;

format_xmit_buffer0;

PlCjvaitJiroit = DIRECTJPJCWAITJLIMIT; PIC_serial_status = do_send_cmd; · / * Start UART * />

>

#endif

else if ((ext_comm.control_flags and (XMIT_DATA_RDY | XMIT_REQUEST »=. (XMIT_DATAJRDY | XMIT REQUEST)) {, / * Send command for external routine * /

PICxmitBuf = ext_comm, xmit_buf; ext_comm.control_flags and = ~ XMIT_REQUEST; ext_comm.control_flags | = CPY_RCV_DATA;

/ * Look up correct PIÇ_status index for reuested PIC * /

for (i = 0; ((i <MAX_PICS) andand (PIC_status [i] .PIC_addr! = PICxmitBuf.PIC_addr)); i ++); ·

if (i <numJPICs) {

P ICstatu s [i]. last_cmd_data = PICxm itBuf.command_data;

Platusatus]. Iastcommand = PICxmilBuf.command; >

# ifdeflS_MC5

if (ext_comm.xmit_buf.PIC_addr <ST5_MUX_PIC_ADDR)

PICwaitiimit = BUFFERED_PIC_WAIT_LIMIT; else

imendif

PIC _vvait_limit = DIRECT_PIC_WAIT_LIMrr; format_xihit_bufferO;

PlCjserialstatus = do_send_cmd; / * Start UART »/

>

else if (((ext_comm.controI_flags and SUPPRESS_NORMAL_COMM) - 0) # ifdefIS_ST5

andand ST5_PIC_de lay ctr <= 0 »

{

ST5_PlC_delay_ctr = ST5_P1C_DELAY; / * Slow down routine communications in 1h ST5 + / #else

>

{

// endif

PICxmitBuf.PICaddr = PIC_status [current_PIC_index] .PIC_addr; need_pulse_read = TRUE; / * Set defaults * /

# ifdefIS_ST5

if ((pulseOutMode = PIC_ST_SERIAL) andand

(PlCxn) itBuf.PlC_addr = ST5_MUX_PIC_ADDR »{

}

else tfendif

if (PIC_status [current_PIC_index] .force_j) ulse_read andand (PIC_status [current_PíC_index] .get_version) andand

(PIC_status [current_PIC_index] .PIC_addr <ST5_MUX_PIC_ADDR)) {

PIC_status [current_PIC_index] .force_puIse_read = FALSE:> ·

else · ·

{

PIC_status [current_PIÇ_index] .forcej? Ulse_read = TRUE; # ifndefIS_ST5

if (PIC_status [current_PTC_index] .clear_pulse_regs andand (clearjstate = GLOBALCLRSENT)) {/ * Global clear sent, get status * /

need_pulse_read = FALSE; PICxmitBuf.command = READREGISTER; PICxmitBuf.reg_ID = STATUS_REG;

format_xmit_bufferO; }

else

// endif

if (PIÇ_status [carrent_PIC_index] .get_version) {-

need_pulse_read = FALSE; PICxmitBuf.command = READREGISTER; PlCxmitB uf.reg_IE> = VERS_REG;

format_xmit_buffer (); }

else if (PIC_status [current_PlC_index] .get_serno) {

need_pulse_read = FALSE; PICxmitBuf.command = READREGISTER; PICxmitBuf.regJDD. = SERNO_REG;

format_xmit_buirerO; >

else if (PlC_status [current_PIC_index] .update_parameter) {

PICxmitBuf.command = WRITEJREGISTER; if (PIC_status [cuiTent_PIC_index] .software_type = 3) {/ * Pulse ctr * f

r / * Pulse ctr parameters: * /

/ * Power-On sample rate:, 42 / sec * í / * Power-ofF sample rate: 1 / sec * / / * Days to count if rcving pulses: * / / *. RSM: 5 days · /

/ * PDM: 3 5 days * / / * Days to count if no pulses rcvd: * / / * - RSM: 1 day * /

/ * PDM: 3 days. * /

/ * nn RSM the O. Ishc nf * / ϊ * load_shedjmask [0] are sent to * / / * the PIC output bits * /

#ifdefIS_RSM

PICxmitBuf.commat \ d_data = 0x01150507 and (load_shed_state [Ol | OxffiHEfc);

#else

PICxmitBuf.command_data = 0x011523Od;

#endif

>

# ifdefIS_MC5

else if (PTC_status [current_PIC_index] .software_type = 4) {/ * Remote encoder reader * /

PICxmitBuf.command_data = READJENCODER__PARM; if ((releaseCodep-> option.couplers_mask and 0x01) = 0) • {/ * If mask bit 0 is 0, no touch-pad compatibility * /

PICxmitBuf.co'mmand_data and = OxffOOffít; }

}

else if (PIC_status [current_PIC_index] .software_type = 5) {/ * MCS iqux * / '

got_ver_3 = got_ver_3_3 = FALSE;

for (i = 0; i <num_PICs; i ++) {

if (PIC_statusti] .get_version) {

got_ver_3 = TRUE;

got_ver_3_3 = TRUE; >

else if (PIC_status [i] .software_type = 3) {

got_verJ3 = TRUE; if (PIC_status [i] .software_version - 3) got_ver_3_3 = TRUE;

}

>

if (got_ver_3)

/ Ç

if (got_ver_3_3 andand

((releaseCodep-> option.couplers_mask and 0x02)! = 0)) {

PICxmitBuf.command_data = 0x0c007000; / * 32 bps, periodic wake-up>

else {

PICxmitBuf.commanddata = 0x0c007080; / * 32 bps wake-up * /

ι

t

}

else

PICxmitBuf.command__data = 0x02030080; / * 205 bps, wake up * /

}

#endif

Vrifdcf IS_ST5 cise if jCPIC_status [current_PIC_index]. software_type = 8) {l * Auto tune module * /

PICxmitBuf.command data = 0x02030000 | (ATM_DISC__TIME '8) | · (ATMjRC_XMIT_ON' 8) I ATM_NUM_CAP_BITS; / * xmit offset = 2, cplr offset = 3, * /

/ * relay delay = ATM_DISC_T1ME, Xmit mask = ATM_RC_XMIT_ON, * /

/ * number of enable relays = ATM_NUM_CAP_BITS * /

>

else if (PIC_status [current_PIC_index] .software_type = 6) {/ * ST5 mux * /

PICxmitBuf.command data = 0x00000000; } ~

// endif

else if (PIC_status [current_PIC_index] .sofitware_type = 7) {/ * Load Control Module * /

PICxmitBuf.command data = 0x00000000; >

eise {'

PIC_status [current_PIC_index] .update_parameter = FALSE;

/ * unknown software type, cancel command * /

if (PIC_status [current_PIC index] .update_parameter) {

need_pulse_read = FALSE; PICxmitBufreglJro = PARMREG;

format_xmit_buffer0; >

}

else if (PIC_status [current_PIC_index] .reset_status) {

need_pulse_read = FALSE;

PICxmitBuf.command = SYSTEMCONTROL; PICxmitBuf.command_data =

(PIC status [current_PIC_index] .status_reg_value and Oxffbf); PICxmitBuf.command_data = PICxmitBuf.commandjdata «16; / * Move status bits to M Sb's * /

PICxmitBuf.reg_ID = STATUS_REG;

form atm itbuferfer; >

else if (PIC_status [current__PlC_index] .get_status) {

need_pulse_read = FALSE; PICxmitBuf.command = READJREGISTER; PICxmitBuf.reg_ID = STATUSJREG;

format_xmit_buffer0; }

# ifdefIS_MC5

if (need_pulse_read andand (PIC_status [current_PIC_index] .software_1ype = 4)) {

need_pulse_read = FALSE; PICxmitBuf.command = SYSTEMCONTROL; if (++ PIC_status [current__PlC_index] .curr_ID_reg> = PULSES_PER_PIC) PlC_stetus [current_PIC_index] .curr_ID_reg = 0;

If C (((PIC_status [current_PIC_index] .PIC_addr * PULSES_PER_PIC) +

PICj_status [current_PIC_index] .curr_ID_reg)% 24)> = num_pulse_ctrs) PrC_status [current_PIC_indsxj.curr_ID_reg = 0;

PICxmitBuf.reglD = PIC_status [current_PIC_index] .cnrr_ID_reg ·, work_puIse_index = (PIÇ_status [current_PIC_index] .PIC_addr * PULSESPERPIC) + PICxmitBuf.regJGD;

for Ci = O; i <lDJFIELD_LENGTH; i ++) {

if (pulseData [work_pulse_index] .ID_bu £ fer [i] = 0) {

j = i-i;

i = IDFIELDLENGTH; >

>

if0 «>) {

j = 0; }

else if (j> (ID_FEELD_LENGTH-4)) {

j = TO_FIELDJLENGTH-4; }

PICxmitBuf.command_data = READJENCODER_ED | O (8); ·

format__xmit_bufferO; }

#endif

>

if (need_pulse_read) {

# ifdefIS_MC5

if (PIC_status [current_PICJndex] .softwarejype = 7) {

i = PIC_status [current_PIC_index] .PIC_addr - LCM_BASE_ADDR; / * get

LCM # * /

work_bit_mask = (load_shed_state [01 »(9 ♦ i)) and OxOOOOOlff; PICxmitBuf.conimand_data = 0;

for (i = 0; i <9; i ++). {

if ((work_bit_mask and 0x100)! = 0) PICxmitBuf.command_data = (PICxmitBuf.command_data «2) + 1; / * Isb lurns relay on * f else

PICxmitBuf.command_data = (PICxmitBuf.command__data «2) + 2; / * msb turns relay on * /

\ vork_bit_mask = woric_bit_mask «1; >

PICxmitBuf.command_data | = 0x32000000; / * Set pulse time = 50 mS * / PICxmitBuf.command = WRITEREGISTER; PlCxmitBuf.reg_ID = OUTPUT_REG; format_xmit_buffer ();

need_pulse_read = FALSE; }

else

ȴ endif

if (PIC_status [current_PIC_index] .nujn_pulse_regs == 0). {

#ifhdef ISST5

PICxmitBuf.command = READREGISTER; . PICxmitBuf.reg_ID = VERSREG; format_xmit_bufferO; need_pulse_read = FALSE;

#endif

}

else {

/ IFIF IS_MC5

if (((((PIC_status [current_PICJndex] .PIC_addr * PULSES_PER_PIC) + PIC_status [current_PIC_index] .curr_pulse_reg)% 24)> =

num_pulse_ctrs)

PTC_status [current_PIC_index] .curr_puIse_reg = 0;

tfendif

if (PIC_statusfcurrent_PIC_index] .curr_pulse_reg <= MAX_FAST_READ) PICxm itB uf. command = PIC_status [current_PIC_index] .curr_pulse_reg; else

PICxmitBuf.command = READREGISTER;

PICxmitBuf.regJLD = PIC_status [cuiTent_PIC_index] .currjpulse_reg; format_xmit_bufFer (); need_pu lseread = FALSE; . if (++ PIC_status [current_PIC_index] .curr_pulse_reg> =

PIC_status [current_PIC_index] .num_pulsejregs) {

PIC_status [current_PIC_index] .curr_pulse_reg = 0; tfifdef IS_RSM

PIC_status [current_PIC_index] .update__parameter = TRUE;

Uendif

}

}

}

PIC_status [current_PIC_index] .last_cmd_data: = PICxinitBuf.comniand_data; PIC_status [current_PIC_index] .last_command = PICxmitBuf.command;

PIC_wait_limit = PTC_status [current_PIC_index] .reply_wait_Iimit;

rcvJPICjndex = current_PIC_index;

if (++ current_PIC_index == numJPICs) ciHTent_PIC_index = 0;

if (! need_pulse_read) PIC_seriM_lstatus. = do ^ send ^ cmd; / * Start UART * / <table> table see original document page 65 </column> </row> <table> \ vork_status_bits = work status bits »1;

work_pulse_index ++; >

} ·. ■ if (((PIC_status [rcv_PIC_index] .status_reg_value and 0x20)! = 0) andand

! PIC_status [rcv_PIC_index] .clear_pul se_regs) {· '

P] C_status [rcv_PIC_index] .comm_error_count ++; / * PIC detected with parity

if (PIC_status [rcv_PTC_index] .comm_error_count> 2) {

set_PIC_aIarm (PIC_comerr_0, PIC_status [rcv_PIC_index] .PIC_addr, PICrcvBuf.flags | 0x0800);

}

}

if ((PIC_statns [rcv_PIC_index] .status_reg_value and 0x3080)! = 0) {

PlC_status [rcv_PIC_indexJ.PIC_reset_count ++; / '* PIC was reset * /

if (PIC_status [rcv_PIC_index] .PIC_reset_count> 1) C

{

set_PIC_aIarm (PlC_reset_0, PIC_status [rcv_PIC_index] .PIC_addr, PIC_status [rcv_PIC_index] .status_reg_vaiue);

>

}

if (PIC_status [rcv_PIC_index] .clear_pulse_regs andand

(clear_state == GLOBAL_CLR_SENT)) {·

PIC_sta.tus [rcv_PIC_index] .cIear_pulse_regs = FALSE; if (((PIC_status [rcv_PIC_index] .status_reg_value and OxOf)! = OxOf) andand (PIC_status [rcv_PIC_index] .sofhvare_type = 3))

{

PIC_status [rcv_PIC_index] .PIC_data_err_countH-t-; / * CIear cmd failed * / set_PIC_alarm (PIC_flags_0, PIC_status [rcv_PIC_index] .PIC_addr,

PIC_status [rcv_PIC_index] .status_regL_value); > · ·

>

else if (((PIC_status [rcv_PICJmdex] .status_reg ^ jvalue and 0x0f)! = 0) andand ((PIC_status [rcv_PIC_index] .status_reg_vaIue and Oxfl0) = 0))

{

PIC_status [rcv_PICJndex] .PIC_data_err_count 100D; / * Spurious clr cmd V set_PIC_alarm (PIC_flags_0, PIC_status [rcv_PIC_index] .PIC_addr, PIC_status [rcv_PIC_index] .status_reg_value);

}

}

void set_PIC_alarm (alarmcodes pass_alarm_codes, int pass_PIC_addr, unsigned int pass_alarra_data)

ι »

if (! Comm_background_flags.do_alann) {

PIC_alarm.alarm_codes = pass_alarm_codes + pass_PIC_addr; PIC_alarm.ack = pass_alarm_data;

Comm_background_flags.do_alann = TRUE; }

unsigned char workTpar;

BOOLEAN decode_rcv_buffer (void) {

int i;

unsigned int worklnt;

workTpar = Oxl f;

if (PICrcvBuf.flags = 0) {

work_PIC_addr = Get5 (); if (PíCrcvBuf.flags == 0)

PICrcvBuf.PIC_addr = work_PIC_addr, / * VaIid address received * / PICrcvBuf.command = Get50; if (PICrcvBuf.command> OxOf)

PJCrcvBuf.regJD = Get5 (); else

PlCrcvB uf.regJOD = PICrcvBuf.command; PICrcvBuf.command_data = 0; for (i = 0; i <6; H- +)

PICrcvBuf.command_data = (PICrcvBuf.command_data «5) + Get50; worklnt = Get5 ();

PICrcvBuf.command_data = (PICrcvBuf.command_data '2) + (worklnt' 3); PTCrcvBuf.flags | = worklnt and 0x07; worklnt = Get50; if (workTpar! = 0)

PICrcvBuf.flags | = rcv_tpar_error_flag; }.

/ * Look up correct PIC_status index for data in rcv buffer * /

for (i = 0; ((i <MAX_PICS) andand (PIC_status [i] .PIC_addr! = PICrcvBuf.PIC_addr »; i ++); if (i> = num_PICs)

PICrcvBuf.flags | = rcv_bad addr_flag; / * past end of valid PICs, address error * /

if (i = F MAXJPITIONS) rcvJPIC_index = 0; else

rcv_PJC_index = i;

^ ifdef VATEST

#if VATEST == I

PICrcvBuf.command = temp_command; PICrcvBuf.reg_JD = temp_reg_ID; PICrcvBuf.command_data = time ^ commanddata; PICrcvBuf.flags = temp_flags;

#endif #endif return ((PJCrcvBuf.flags and

~ (PIC_error_flag | PIC_need_refresh_flag j PICJnva I id_data_flag '= O);

}

void format_xinit_buffer (void) t

\

int ij, ShiftCount;

unsigned int Worklnt; unsigncd Iong WorkData;

PICxmitBuf.bitCoünt = Ó; ' PICxmitBuf.bits.bufLong [0] ^ = O; PlCxmitBu £ bits.bufLong [l] - O; ,

PICxmitBuf.bits.bufLong [2] = O; / * Clear xmit bit buffer * /

workTpar = Oxlf; / * Initializes Tpar * /

StufT6 (PICxmitBuf.PIC_addr); Stuff6 (PICxmitBuf.comroand);

if (PTCxmitBuf.command> OxOf) {

StuffôÇPICxm i tBuf.reg_ED>;

if (PiCxmitBuf.command>, 0x17) {

WorkData ~ PICxm itB uf.comm and_data; ShiftCount = 32;

for (i - 0, i <7; B- +) {

WorkIht = O;

-for Q = 0y <5y-H-) {

WorkInt = WorkInt «1; if (WorkData and 0x80000000)

Worknt + = .1;

WorkData = WorkData «1;

if (--ShifiCount = 0) {

Worklnt = (Woriclnt? 3) + (PICmitmitBuf.flags and 0x07);

- j = S; .. •} ·

• ·>. * ·

"StufT6 (Worklnt); •}

·}. -

>

iStuff6 (workTpar); .

·.,. / * Buffer set, UART control set up * /

PlCrcv BiiEbitCouiit = 66;

if ((PIC_comm_mon.control_flags and XMIT_DATA_RDY) = 0) {

PfCcornm_mon.xmit_buf = PICxmitBuf;

PIC "corom_mon.control_flags | = XMIT_DATA_RDY;> PICrcvBuf.flags = 0;

PICrcvBufJ> IC_addr = PICxmitB uPIC_addr; / * preset address of remote PIC * /

}

unsigned int Get5 (void) {

int byte_index, bitjndex;

unsigned int work_result;

workresult = 0; if ((PICrcvBuf.flags and

~ <PIC_error_flag | PIC need refresh flag | PIC_inval! D_data_flag)) = 0) {

byte_index = 96 - PICrcvBuf.bitCount; bit_index = byte_index and 0x07; byte_index = byte_index »3;

work_result = (PICrcvBuf.bits.bufByte [byte_index] '8) + PICrcvBuf.bits.bufByte [byte_index + 1];

work_result = work_result »(10 - bit_index); work_result and = 0x3 f,

if (parity6 [work_result »1]! = workresult) {

work_result = 0;

PICrcvBuf.flags | = rcv_parity_err_flag; >

else {

work_result = work_result »1; workTpar Λ = work_result; PICrcvBuf.bitCount - = 6; if (PICrcvBuf.bitCount <0)

PICrcvBuf.flags | = rcv_bad_length_flag;

}

}

return (work_resu! t);

>

void Stuff6 (int pass_data) {

int bytejndex, bit_index;

workTpar pass_data;

byte_index = PICxmitBuf.bitCount »3;

bit index = PICxmitBuf.bitCount and 0x07;

pass_data = parity6 [pass_data] «(10 - bit_index);

PICxmitBuf.bits.bufByte [byte_mdex] j = pass_data »8;

PICxmitBuf.bits.bufByte [byte_index + l]] = pass_data and Oxff;

PICxmitBuf.bitCount + = 6;

> PULSE.H

/ * * /

#ifndef BOOLEANJDEFINED #define BOOLEAN_DEFINED typedef int B OOLEAN; #endif

/ * subsecond processing for pulse counters * / void pulseSubsecond (void);

/ * Daily PIC table rebuild * / void pulseDay (void);

/ * Main PIC communication routine * void pu! SeService (void);

/ * PIC comm routine - once-per-second code * / void pulseSecond (void);

/ * Subroutines for PIC communication *! void Stuff6 (int pass data); void format_xmit_buffer (void); BOOLEAN decode_rcv_buffer (void); void process_status_bits (void); unsigned int Get5 (void);

void set_PIC_aIarm (alarmcodes pass_alarm_type, int pass_PIC_addr, unsigned int pass_alarm_data);

/ * Startup code for PIC communication * / void pulseStartup (void);

/ * Routine to c] ear pulse registers after cold start * / void pulseColdstart (void);

i * defined in pt.c * / #define RJELAYA The #define RELAY_B 1

void pulseOut (int picNbr, int relayNbr, int ONoff); void ptEvetyMinute (void); void enEverySecond (void);

void set_PLC_relays (int xmitRelay, int rcvRelay); PICEND JDEF

/ *

include file at end of mtrsamp to control MC and ST pie chips from mtrsamp interrupt * /

#ifdef IS_MC5

if (puiseOutMode = PIC_MC_SERIAL) {

asm ("MOVE.L # Ox80400E, AO");

asm ("AND.W # 0xFCFF, (A0)"); / * Clear clock and data ports * /}

#endif

# ifdefIS_ST5

asm ("MOVE.L # Ox80400E, AO">;

asm ("AND.W # 0xFEFF, (A0)"); / * Insert clock falling edge V

if (PIC_seriaI_status - sending st5 bits) {

asm ("NOP"); asm ("NOP"); asm ("NOP") ·, asm ("NOP"); asm ("NOP"); asm ("NOP"); asm ("NOP"); asm ("NOP"); asm ("NOP"); asm ("NOP"); asm ("NOP"); asm ("NOP"); asm ("NOP");

asm ("MOVE.L # 0x80400E, A0">;

asm ("OR.W # 0x01 OJ (AO)"); / * Ksending bits, activate clock * />

#endif

PIC VARS .DEF

/ *

local variables to control MC and ST pie chips from mtrsamp interrupt meter / c / lib / picvars.def

iinsigned Iong bitOneFlag; PULSELJNK.DEF

/ * determine if variables are external or defined here * / #undefref

#ifdef PSTRU_DEFINED

# define ref

#else

#define ref extern #endif

#if (NUMPH> 6) #deflne IS_MC5 #else

#ifdefMAX_SCAN_METERS

#define IS_ST5

#else

// define IS_RSM

#endif

#endif

í * Values for hdwr -p (pulseOutMode) * /

#define STANDARD_PIC_COMM 0

#if 0 / * remove these equates from mtrlink.def * /

#define PICJPULSESIAL 1

#define PIC_MC_SERIAL 2

#define PIC_ST_SERIAL 3

#endif / * then uncomment them here * /

J * tfdefine VATEST 1 * /

#ifdef VATEST

#undef IS_MC5 #undefIS_RSM # undefIS_ST5

#define IS_RSM

#undef NUMPH

tfdefine NUMPH 3

#undef MAX_SCAN_METERS

#endif

/ * Uncomment for water meters (Oakville Hydro) * / Mefme READJENCODERJD 0x49ff0000 #define READ ENCODER PARM 0x0312500c

/ * Uncomment for gas meters (Sonix) #define READ ENCODER ID 0x49fe0389, Vdeflne READ_BNCODER_PARM 0x0300500c #define ID FIELD LENGTH 13

# set PULSES_PER_PIC 4 #ifdef ISMC5

#define BITS_PER_SEC 822 tfdefine MAX_PICS 16 #else

# ifdefIS_ST5

#define BITS_PER_SEC 942

#define MAX_PICS 5

#else

#define BITS_PER_SEC 32 #def! ne MAX_PICS 1 #endif tfendif

#define DIRECT PIC WAIT LIMIT 24

#define BUFFERED PIC WAIT LIMIT 10 * BITS_PER

#define NXJM_STARTJBITS 12

# ifdefIS_ST5

#define REBUILD_DELAY 30000 tfelse

# define REBUILDJDELAY 1000 tfendif

xypcdef

struct {

unsigned Iong serial_number; unsigned long last_cmd_data; unsigned char PIC_addr;

unsigned char software_type;

unsigned char software version;

unsigned char loop_rate; unsigned int status_reg_value; unsigned char time since global; unsigned char num_pulse_regs; unsigned char curr_pulse_reg; unsigned char curr ID reg; unsigned char last_command;

unsigned int reply_wait_limit; unsigned int PIC_data__err_count; unsigned int PIC_reset_count; unsigned int comm_error_count; unsigned force_pulse_read: 1;

unsigned get_serno: 1;

unsigned get_version: 1; unsigned get_status: 1;

unsigned resetjstatus: 1; unsigned update_parameter: 1

unsigned clear_pulse_regs: 1;

}

PICstatust;

typedef

enum {sending bits, sendingL.st5_bits,

rcvingbits,

doPICstart,

sendingJPICjstart,

do_send_cmd,

sending_start,

sending_start_l,

sending_stop,

waiting_for_start,

rcving ^ stop,

idlc>

PIC_s_stat_t;

typedef

enum {SET_PRE_ALIGN, DO_ALIGN, SETNORMALPLC, DISCONNECT_COUPLER,

READ_XMIT_LEVEL>

ATM_op_t;

typedef

enum {DOJPRESET, DO_PLC_SET, SET_ALIGN, WAIT_ALIGN, DO_ATM_DISCONNECT,

ATMJDONE>

ATM_state_t;

typedef struct {

unsigned char unsigned char unsigned char

PIC_addr, command;

regJDD;

command_data; unsigned int bitCount;

flags;

int union {

unsigned Iong bufLong [3]; unsigned char bufByte [12]; > bits;

}

PICbitBuf;

#ifhdef BOOLEAN_DEFINED # set BOOLEAN_DEFINED typedefint BOOLEAN; #endif

/ * Definition of bits in Flags field of PIC with buffers * /

/ * NOTE- Top 4 bits (OxfDOO) reserved for use by ATM code * /

#define rcv_bad_addr_flag OxO 1OO #define #define rcv_data_ready_flag rcv_tpar_error_flag 0x0080 0x0040 0x0020 #define rcv_bad_length_flag ^ 0x0010 defines rcv_timeout_flag #define rcv_parity_err_flag 0x0008 0x0004 #define #define PlC_error_flag PIC_need_refresh_flag 0x0002 0x0001 #defme PIC_invaIid_data_flag

/ * Command codes for PIC communication * /

#define MAX_FAST_READ 0x07

^ define CLEAR_PULSE_REGISTERS 0x08 ^ define READREGISTER 0x10

#defme WRITE_REGISTER 0x18

#define SYSTEMjCONTROL 0x19

/ * Register ID codes for PIC communication * /

#define MAX_PULSE_REG 15

#define CONTROL_REG 16 tfdefine ERRORREG 26 tfdefine OUTPUT_REG 27 #define PARMREG 28

#defme VERS_REG 29

#define SERNO REG 30

#define STATUSJREG 31

/ * Special-purpose PIC addresses * /

#define GLOBALJPICADDR 31 #define MC5_MUX_PIC_ADDR 30 #define ST5_MUX_PIC_ADDR 29

#defrae LCMJB ASE_ADDR 16 / * First LCM is at address 16 * f #define ATMJB ASE_ADDR 201 * First ATM is at address 20 * / #define MAX_PULSE_PIC_ADDR 15 / * pulse couters are from Oto 15 * /

/ * Bit usage in the ATM relay control word * / #defme ATM_RC_XMIT_ON 0x00008000 #define ATM_RC_MEAS_XMIT 0x00004000 #define ATM_RC_MEAS_CPLR 0x00002000 #define ÀTM_RC_RES_SHORTED 0x00001000

#defme ATM_RC_CAP_MASK 0x000003ff #define ATM_NUM_CAP_BITS 10

#defme ATM PRESET CODE ATM_RC_XMIT_ON | ATM_RC_MEAS_XMIT | ATM_RC_MEAS_CPLR

tfdefine ATM_PLC_CODE ATM RC XMIT ON | ATM_RC_RES_SHORTED #define ATM_DISC_CODE 0

/ * Other ATM control equates * /

#define ATM_MEAS_TIME 20L / * mSec to wait between cap change and ADC reading * /

#defme ATM_DISC_TIME 20L / * mSec to wait before switching cap relays * / #defme ATM_MIN_READING 0x0038 / * If reading at end of autotune Iess than this, fail * /

/ * Equates for ST5 comm * / #define ST5_P1C_DELAY 66 ^ pragma region ("ram = ram")

ref unsigned short current_PlC_index, rcv_PIC_index;

ref PIC_status_t PIC_status [MAX_PICS];

struct {

unsigned Iong reading; int error_cnt;

unsigned char ID_field [ID_FIELD_LENGTH]; unsigned char ED_bufFer [ID_FlELD_LENGTH]; } ref PulseDatapiltNUMPH];

struct {

PICbitBuf xmitbuf; PICbitBuf rcvbuf; int control_flags;

} ref ext comm, PIC_comm_mon;

struct {

ATMopt operation; unsigned int ATM_number; ATM_state_t state; unsigned request_flag: l; unsigned done_flag: 1; unsigned error_flag: 1; unsigned active_flag: 1; unsigned int start_cap_code; unsigned int end_cap_code; unsigned int optimum_cap_code; unsigned int optimum_read ing;

unsigned int xmit_Ievel;

unsigned int coupler_level;

unsigned int result_flags;

Iong int align_timer;

} ref ATM control;

struct {

unsigned request_flag: 1; unsigned donejflag: 1; unsigned error_flag: 1; unsigned active_flag: 1; unsigned int xmit_mask; unsigned int rcv_mask; unsigned int result_flags; unsigned int last_xmit_mask; unsigned int last rcv mask;

} ref MUX_control;

struct {

unsigned do_rebuiId: 1; unsigned do_alarm: 1;

} ref Comm_background_flags;

/ * Bit definitions in exl_buf.control_flags * / # define SUPPRESS_NORMAL_COMM OxOOOl

ffdefin XMIT_REQUEST 0x0002 Λ External routine requests send of xmit_buf * /

# set CPY_RCV_DATA 0x0004 / * External cmd was sent, copy rcvd buffer to

rcv_buf * /

#define RCV_DATA_RDY 0x0008 / * Got reply from external cmd, reply is in

rcv_buf * /

# set XMTT DATA RDY 0x0010 / * xmit buf has copy of Iast cmd sent * /

ref PICbitBuf PICxmitBuf, PICrcvBuf, HoldrcvBuf;

ref PIC_s_stat_t PIC_serial_status;

ref unsigned int num_PICs;

ref unsigned int num_LCMs;

ref unsigned int rebuild_timer;

ref unsigned int ATM_work;

ref unsigned int work_PIC_addr;

ref unsigned int num_pulse_ctrs;

ref unsigned int hoId_numjpulse_ctrs;

ref unsigned int bit_count;

ref unsigned int out_bit_value;

ref unsigned char * shift_LSB_ptn

ref unsigned char ín_bit_value;

ref unsigned int PIC_wait_Iimit;

ef unsigned int zerojcount;

ref unsigned int last_comm_err_flag;

ref BOOLEAN dont_clear_PIC_stats;

ref int ST5_PIÇ_delay_ctr,

ref unsigned int PICJbad addr count;

ref alarmstru PIC_alarm;

#ifdef VATEST / * testüü * /

ref int tef int refIong ref int

temp_command; tempjregJOD;

temp_command_data; temp_flags;

/ ♦ testüü * / tfendif

ref enum {

clkjhigh, clk_low

> PIC_clk_state;

ref enum {

NOGLOBALSEND, SEND_GLOBAL_CLR, SENDING_GLOBAL_CLR, GLOBAL_CLR_SENT} clearjstate;

/ * Old equates maintained for compatibility * / #if O

#define RELAY_A_BIT 1 #define RELAYJB_BIT 2 #def! ne DDLE tfdefine TX 1 # define RX 2 #define DATA READY 3 #define WAKE 4 ^ define PIC_RESET 5

#define WAKE_COUNT_RELOAD (64 * 4) / * Four Seconds * /

#define RESET_COUNT_RELOAD 10 / * 1/4 Seconds * /

#define RELAY_A_OFF_CMD 5 / * active Iow trigger * /

tfdefine RELAY_A_ON_CMD 4

#defme RELAY_B_OFF_CMD 7

#define RELAY_B_ON_CMD 6

#define CLEA R_ACC_CMD 8

#def! ne SUBACC_CMD 12

#define ECHO_CMD 14

# set SLEEP_CMD 15

#defme PULSE_SERIAL_COM_MAX 15

#define WAKE CMD 16

#define RESET_CMD 17

#definePULSE_COM_NUM 18

#define NO_PULSEJBIT_DATA OxFFFFFFFF

#define RELAY_CMD_MTN 4

#define RELAY_CMD_MAX 7

tfendif PULSEOUTM.DEF

rfinclude "clklink.def '#include" mtrlink.def'

#include "plc.def '#include" serlink.def' #include "pulselink.def"

#ifhdefNO_PULSES

#include "scan.h" #include "pulse.h" #include "log.h"

void pulseovrt__second_back (void);

void pulseout_ram_init1 (void);

ADDRFN pulseoutaddrfn;

#pragma region ("data = ramlnitl")

void (* pulseout_ram_init 1 p) (void) = puIseout_ram_initl;

#pragma region ("data = data ,,)

#pragma region ("data = secondBack")

void (* puIseout_second_backp) (void) = pulseout_second_back; #pragma region ("date = date")

ADDRFNRET pulscoutaddr £ h (reg8stru reg8) {

/ * iwrite the Ioad shed event to flash * / putEvent (LOAD_SHED_EVENT, 1, andreg8.ulong);

retum (O);

>

void pulseout_ram_initl0 {

addrfn_tbI [GET_FROM_SLAVE] DPULSEOUT_STATE] = pulseoutaddrfn

>

void pu! seout_second_back ()

r <

}

sfendif

Claims (37)

1. Multi-channel electricity meter, characterized in that it comprises: a meter head comprising one or more meter points, the meter head operable for measuring electricity usage for a plurality of electricity consumer lines ; a power line communication transponder with said meter head and operable for transmitting data received from said meter head to a remotely located computer, and for transmitting to the meter head, data received from the said remotely located computer; and one or more load control modules in communication with said meter head and operable to actuate each of a plurality of relays, each relay of said plurality of relays operable to connect and disconnect service on one of the plurality of consumer lines. of electricity. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a fraud detector in communication with said meter head. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that said fraud detector includes a light and a reflective surface, and wherein said meter head is operable to instruct said one or more load control modules to disconnect all of them. said customer lines if said fraud detector provides notification that said light is not detected reflecting said reflective surface. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that it further comprises a housing containing said meter head, said one or more charge control modules, and said relays, and wherein said fraud detector includes a light detector. environment entering the box. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a device for comparing transformer energy to the total energy used by said consumer lines. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a device for detecting reverse current flow by said consumer lines. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a computer readable memory in communication with said meter head and a counter in communication with said meter head, said counter corresponding to a customer line and operable for count down an amount of energy stored in said memory, and said operable meter head to send a disconnect signal to a corresponding load control module to disconnect said customer line when said counter reaches zero. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a computer readable memory in communication with said meter head, said operable memory for storing a load limit for a customer line, and said operable meter head. to send a disconnect signal to a corresponding load control module to disconnect said customer line when said load limit is exceeded. Apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a computer readable memory in communication with said meter head, said operable memory for storing a usage limit for a customer line, and said operable meter head. to send a disconnect signal to a corresponding load control module to disconnect said customer line when said usage limit is exceeded. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said transponder is operable to communicate with said remotely located computer via medium voltage power lines. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a display unit in communication with said meter head and operable to display data received from said meter head. Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that said display unit is operable to display information relating to a customer's energy consumption. Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that said display unit is operable to display warnings concerning a customer's energy use or suspected power theft. Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that said display unit is operable to transmit to said meter head information entered by a customer. 15. Apparatus for remote multi-channel electricity metering using power line communication, characterized in that it comprises: a plurality of metering points located on a secondary side of a transformer and operable to separately measure electricity usage for each of a plurality of electricity consumer lines; the apparatus in direct communication with a transponder located on a primary side of the transformer and operable to transmit data to and receive data from the transponder by direct power line communication, the transponder operable to transmit data to and to receive data from a remotely located computer. ; apparatus operable to control one or more load control modules operable to connect and disconnect each of a plurality of relays, each relay of the plurality of relays corresponding to one of the plurality of electricity consumer lines; and a box containing the plurality of meter points, the load control module, and the relays, wherein the distribution transformer converts medium voltage distribution voltages to low voltage voltages suitable for supplying power to consumers, and wherein the The device is operable to inject signals into and receive signals from low voltage power lines that supply consumers with electricity; said signals providing two-way communication between the meter head and the transponder, and traversing the distribution transformer. Apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that it further comprises a fraud detector in communication with said meter head. Apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that said fraud detector includes a light and a reflective surface, and wherein said meter head is operable to instruct said load control module to disconnect all of said lines. If said fraud detector provides notice that said light is not detected reflecting said reflective surface. Apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that said fraud detector includes an ambient light detector entering the housing. Apparatus according to claim 15, further comprising a device for comparing transformer energy to the total energy used by said consumer lines. Apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that it further comprises a device for detecting reverse voltage flow by said consumer lines. Apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that it further comprises a computer readable memory in communication with said meter head and a counter in communication with said meter head, said counter corresponding to a customer line and operable for count down an amount of energy stored in said memory, and said operable meter head to send a disconnect signal to the load control module to disconnect said customer line when said counter reaches zero. Apparatus according to claim 15, further comprising a computer readable memory in communication with said meter head, said operable memory for storing a load limit for a customer line, and said operable meter head. to send a disconnect signal to the load control module to disconnect said customer line when said load limit is exceeded. Apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that it further comprises a computer readable memory in communication with said meter head, said operable memory for storing a usage limit for a customer line, and said operable meter head. to send a disconnect signal to the load control module to disconnect said customer line when said usage limit is exceeded. Apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that said transponder is operable to communicate with said remotely located computer via medium voltage power lines. Apparatus according to claim 15, further comprising a display unit in communication with said meter head and operable for displaying data received from said meter head. Apparatus according to claim 25, characterized in that said display unit is operable to display information relating to a customer's energy consumption. Apparatus according to claim 25, characterized in that said display unit is operable to display warnings concerning a customer's energy use or suspected power theft. Apparatus according to claim 25, characterized in that said display unit is operable to transmit to said meter head information entered by a customer. Apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that the transponder is operable to communicate with the remotely located computer via at least one of: radio communications, fiber optics, and telephone lines. Apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that it is operable to transmit data directly to the transponder at frequencies within the range of 10 to 25 kHz. Apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that it is operable to transmit data directly to the transponder at frequencies corresponding to half odd 60 Hz harmonics. 32. Multi-channel electricity measuring apparatus, characterized in that it comprises: a control module in communication with a secondary circuit of a distribution transformer, wherein the distribution transformer converts medium voltage distribution voltages into voltages. low voltage switches suitable for providing power to consumers; the control module in direct communication with a transponder in communication with a transformer primary circuit and operable to transmit data to and receive data from the transponder by direct power line communication through the distribution transformer, the transponder operable to transmit data to and to receive data from a remotely located computer; a plurality of metering modules in communication with the control module, each metering module operable to measure electricity usage on one of a plurality of electricity consuming lines powered by the secondary circuit of the distribution transformer; one or more relays in communication with the control module and operable to actuate connection and disconnection of electricity to the consumer electricity lines; and a box containing the control module, measuring modules, and relays, in which the apparatus is operable to inject signals into and receive signals from low voltage power lines that supply consumers with electricity; said signals providing two-way communication between the meter head and the transponder, and traversing the distribution transformer to communicate at least partially over medium voltage power lines with the remotely located computer. Apparatus according to claim 32, characterized in that one or more relays are operable to control each phase of the power consumer lines. Apparatus according to claim 32, characterized in that the transponder is operable to transmit data to and receive data from a remotely located computer via one or more intermediate transponders. 35. Remote multi-channel electricity meter using power line communication, comprising: a plurality of meter points located on a secondary side of a transformer and operable to separately measure electricity usage for each of a plurality of electricity consumer lines; apparatus in communication with a transponder located on a primary side of the transformer and operable for transmitting data to and receiving data from the transponder by power line communication, the transponder operable for transmitting data to and for receiving data from a remotely located computer; one or more load control modules in communication with the meter head and operable to actuate each of a plurality of relays, each relay of the plurality of relays operable for on and off service on one of the plurality of electricity consumer lines ; and a box containing the plurality of meter points, the load control module, and the relays, wherein the distribution transformer converts medium voltage distribution voltages to low voltage voltages suitable for supplying power to consumers, and wherein the It is operable to inject signals into and receive signals from low voltage power lines that supply consumers with electricity; said signals providing two-way communication between the meter head and the transponder, and traversing the distribution transformer. 36. Multi-channel electricity measuring apparatus, characterized in that it comprises: a meter head located on a secondary side of a transformer and operable to separately measure electricity usage for each of a plurality of consumer lines of electricity; the meter head in direct communication with a transponder located on a primary side of the operable transformer to transmit data to and receive data from the transponder by direct power line communication, the transponder operable to transmit data to and to receive data from a localized computer remotely; a charge control module in communication with the meter head and operable to connect and disconnect each of a plurality of relays, each relay of the plurality of relays corresponding to one of the plurality of electricity consumer lines; and a box containing the meter head, load control module, and relays. 37. Multi-channel electricity measuring apparatus, characterized in that it comprises: a control module in communication with a secondary circuit of a distribution transformer; the control module in direct communication with a transponder in communication with a transformer primary circuit and operable to transmit data to and receive data from the transponder by direct power line communication through the distribution transformer, the transponder operable to transmit data to and to receive data from a remotely located computer; a plurality of metering modules in communication with the control module, each metering module operable to measure electricity usage on one of a plurality of electricity consuming lines powered by the secondary circuit of the distribution transformer; one or more relays in communication with the control module and operable to actuate connection and disconnection of electricity to the consumer electricity lines; and a box containing the control module, measuring modules, and relays.