BRPI0902391A2 - liquid carbon dioxide (co2) discharge system - Google Patents

Abstract

DISCHARGE SYSTEM BASED ON CARBON DIOXIDE (C02) LIQUID The innovation now proposed describes a discharge system based on C0 ~ 2 ~ Liquid - DBCL, to be used to combat the extinction of 4 cells and fire in open or closed environments.

Description

Liquid Carbon Dioxide (CO2) -based Discharge System

Technical Field

The proposed innovation describes a system that supports Liquid CO2 - DBCL1 based loads to be used for fighting and extinguishing fire cells in open or closed environments. This system is applicable to fuel, gas refining and distribution, among others, industrial, energy production and / or business units, military use in aircraft such as corvettes, frigates, supply ships and aircraft carriers, among others.

State of art

The techniques commonly used to prevent and combat short circuit fires in electrical networks and equipment consist of the use of equipment such as small extinguishers that contain water, pressurized gas and CO2 as extinguishing agents, which also expose their users to the effects of gas. , smoke and gases derived from the burning of existing materials and / or equipment, put them in direct contact with high temperatures in the environments where the fire is taking place, besides having low volume storage of the extinguishing agent, which greatly hinders its use. low efficiency when used in large spaces or confined areas.

Another alternative is the use of a hydrants network or mobile units, which are limited in its use due to the difficulty of access to certain confined areas or difficult to access as is the case of pipes, where by the characteristics of the fire and the water being an electricity conductor. , becomes inefficient in combat.

Therefore, we will first define the concept of fire as the simultaneous development of heat and light, which is the product of combustion of flammable materials. It is the chemical reaction between the fuel and air oxygen (oxidizing), in the face of a heat source. In order to have a fire there must be three essential elements of combustion, which constitute the so-called "Combustion Triangle". Are they:

-Fuel;

-Heat;

Oxidising Oxygen.

Flame Types:

Premix Flame:

Efficient burning approaches the stoichiometry of the combustion reaction;

Space-stabilized combustion zone Small or no generation of particulate matter Minimum distance between Combustion Zone base and Source

Diffusion Flame:

- Incomplete burning with intermediate reactions and various by-products; Flame with intense generation of particulate matter; Aeration windows in various positions;

Combustion Zone with shape and distribution of thermal radiation fluxes, variables.Fire Impact Measurements ε Explosions

Scenario Bound Expected Effect <table> table see original document page 4 </column> </row> <table>

Diffusion Flame Variations

a) Flames with high emission rate sources: -liquid gases;

• flammable liquids • combustible liquids • pressurized sources.

A typical example of flames with high emission rate sources (C5 + C6) is shown in figure 1.

Another typical example of flames with high emission rate sources is shown in Figure 2 (Diesel + QAV Compatible Mix). Figure 3 shows Flames with delayed ignition of high-emission sources that can form fireballs and blast. a cloud.

Figure 4 shows an example of pressurized source flame (LPG). Characteristics of pressurized flame: Basic Parameters:

1) Vapor pressure of the substances;

2) Temperature of substances;

3) Line Working Pressure;

4) Line flow;

5) Hole geometry.

Control Parameters:

1) Vaporization fraction;

2) Mechanical spraying;

3) Basic stock volume.

(b) Flames with low emission sources: 'combustible solids;

-greases and lubricants;

• solid paraffins.

The following equations apply to a Flammable Liquid Line:

Basic Inventory Volume (Veb) after total disruption at a transfer line end.Veb = Q.tbq + (Φ / 2) 2, ττ. L ^ q pr) Basic Inventory Volume (Veb) after total disruption of the transfer line at a point between two blocks.Ve ^ = Q.tbq + (Φ / 2) 2. π.L (bq1 pr) + W2) 2 · π · L (bq2 pr)

Where Q represents the flow rate of the line, tbq the time until activation of the broken line block, Φ the diameter of the broken line and L (bq, pr) the length between the block point and the breaking point. Detailed Description of the Invention

The innovation proposed here describes a system that supports discharges based on Liquid CO2 - DBCL1 to be used in combating and extinction of fire cells in open and closed environments, having its general composition:

Liquid CO2 tank;

Tank control instrumentation;

Recondensers / Vaporizers;

Redundant power supply;

- rigid transfer lines;

High speed hoses;

High flow hoses;

Nozzles1 diffusers and baffles for adjusting the shots;

Bank of control valves (loads, redirection and isolation of circulation rings); - temperature sensors;

Pressure sensors;

Parameter control panel (Cell status, combat system component status, and trigger control redundancies).

Figure 5 shows in detail the general equipment flow diagram, where (A) represents the main tank, (B) the loading point, (C) the 70x jet V1 vaporizer characterized by snow formation with use in curtains and deluge, (D) the V2 vaporizer having as a characteristic snow formation used in mobile firing guns, (E) heated jet production heater with use in electrical panels, (F) link, (G) instrument lines, (H) the AC / DC source and the debating bank, (J) the recondenser, (L) the PSV / sigh, (M) the instrument points, and (N) the PLC. The means of attack consist of:

High flow jets with variable carbon dioxide content between 10% and 70% for cooling, displacement of overheated gases and muffling;

High-speed CO2 jets to guide firing and invade the cell;

Low-speed jets with adjustable carbon dioxide content for deluge in small compartments and attack on small and medium foci;

Dry jets at room temperature or heated to combat electrical panels, control panels and electronic circuits.

Dry ice (solid state carbon dioxide) heat exchange plates that make up the Inertization, Fractionation and Cooling Chamber.

Description of preferred embodiments

Fixed Fluid Dynamics Curtains

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the said system is coupled to fixed fluidic curtains, which consist of a system of forming a specific zone in a large environment, called a gas cage, where the concentration of extinguishing agent is up to several times faster than in adjacent areas, as shown in Figure 6 and object of Pl 0803826-0 filed July 22, 2008. In another preferred embodiment of the present invention said system is coupled to Manual and Portable Cannons for use in small and medium point foci in open and semi-confined environments by individuals or groups, as shown in Figure 7 and object of Pl 0802403-0 deposited on 22/22. 07/2008

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention the said system is coupled to an artifact for the safe collection and extinguishing of pool fires of flammable fluids. The rapid cooling and fractionation grid (GFRR) artifact is composed of an inert chamber filled with combined single-phase and biphasic jets, carbon dioxide, which is subdivided by grids or granular agents with thermal stability and chemical stability, which fractionate the flow of fluid. flammable and project it against a cold plate located in the bottom of the chamber as shown in Figure 8 and object of Pl 0802422-7 deposited on 22/07/2008.

Figures 9 (A) and 9 (B) show in detail an application of handheld and portable guns in a mobile unit, in this case a truck.

Advantages of the proposed system in your Preferred Modes ε

Predicted Applications

Higher volume of extinguishing agent stock as it is in liquid state.

It simultaneously produces dampening and cooling effects with a media flexibility that is compatible with material strengths, environment geometry, and system operating characteristics.

Ability to move large volumes of smoke stored indoors and with unfavorable access geometry to the battle, enabling the advance of combat teams and avoiding flash-over.

Autonomy with respect to water supplies, distribution networks and hydrant points.

Variety of discharge characteristics with respect to flow, carbon dioxide content, flow velocity and discharge temperature allows for multiple uses, such as explosive, solid fuel, flammable liquids, flammable gases, electrical switchboards, control panels and circuitry. electronics.

Due to the physicochemical characteristics of the liquid extinguishing agent, in case of total loss of installation the DBCL tanks do not explode with projection of fragments and also do not produce immediate spreading of the extinguishing agent.

The set can be mounted on appropriate vehicles and depending on the infrastructure, according to the characteristics mentioned in the first and second item of this topic, can act more efficiently in urban peripheries, logistic support to supply stocks for combat fronts, in case of armed conflicts and actions to defend territorial integrity.

The configuration of the elements that make up the system favors a better and greater distribution of the extinction points, intended for fighting fire cells, either indoors or outdoors.

Application to combat fire cells in closed environments, such as in more specific aircraft in corvettes, frigates, among others, where there are restrictions such as: * Distribution of aeration windows depends on the geometry of the environment; • Gas accumulation and dispersion zone, which favors the sudden expansion and combustion of overheated and unburned gases ("flashover");

• Space constraints make it very difficult to adjust the cooling or application geometry of the LGE - AFFF front to the size of the combustion cell;

• The characteristic floor layering of machine rooms is an additional restriction on the positioning of foam attack lines;

• Passages of fuel transfer lines in compartments along the path between "the stock tank and the point of use;

Metal environments favor heat transfer and accumulation.

The system object of the present invention may be used in the fight against fire cells indoors, such as embellishments more specifically on aircraft carriers, corvettes, frigates and supply ships, among others, on ships such as oil tankers, drilling rigs, FloatingProcess Storage and Offloading (FPSO) platforms, bulk carriers, freighters and gas carriers, among others and in combating the extinction of fire cells in nuclear power plant transformers, power distribution substations, and circuit breakers containing insulating fluid thermoelectric and hydroelectric, among others.

Claims (8)

1.- Liquid decarbon dioxide (CO2) -based discharge system, characterized by its general composition: Liquid CO2 tank; - Tank control instrumentation; Recondensators / Vaporizers; Redundant power supply; Rigid transfer lines; - High flow hoses; Nozzles, diffusers and deflectors for adjusting the firing; Control valve bank (loads, redirection and isolation of circulation rings); Temperature sensors; - Pressure sensors; Parameter control panel ( Cell status, combat system component status, and fire control redundancies). 2. A system according to claim 1, characterized in that said system is coupled to fixed fluid dynamic curtains. 3. A system according to claim 1, characterized in that said system is coupled to manual and portable guns. 4.- A system according to claim 3, characterized by its application when coupled to manual and portable guns, in a mobile autonomous unit, in the case of a truck, railway unit, self-propelled or towed vessel, adapted in containers of high resistance for transfer and punctual use in off-shore activities. 5. SYSTEM as described in the preceding claims, characterized by its application when coupled to the artifact called the rapid cooling and fractionation grid (GFRR). 6. A system according to claim 3, characterized by its application in the fight against fire cells in closed environments, such as in aircraft, more specifically in aircraft carriers, corvettes, frigates and supply ships, among others. 7.- SYSTEM according to claim 3, characterized by its application in the fight against fire cells in closed environments, as for example, in ships, more specifically, in oil tankers, drilling rigs, production platforms, FPSO (Floating type) platforms. Storage and Offloading), bulk carriers, freighters, and gas carriers, among others. 8. A system according to claims 2 and 5, characterized by its application in preventing and combating the extinction of fire cells in nuclear power plant transformers, power distribution substations, and circuit breakers containing thermoelectric and hydroelectric insulating fluid, among others.