CA1054643A - Ski pole having glass and carbon fibre construction - Google Patents
Ski pole having glass and carbon fibre constructionInfo
- Publication number
- CA1054643A CA1054643A CA245689A CA245689A CA1054643A CA 1054643 A CA1054643 A CA 1054643A CA 245689 A CA245689 A CA 245689A CA 245689 A CA245689 A CA 245689A CA 1054643 A CA1054643 A CA 1054643A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- staff
- fibre
- course
- glass
- fibres
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 6
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000003629 Rupture Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002990 reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
- A63C11/00—Accessories for skiing or snowboarding
- A63C11/22—Ski-sticks
Landscapes
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
This invention is directed to a light weight ski staff which is composed of two or more fibre courses, the fibers of which have been bonded together with a hardening compound. One fibre course is the transversal course and consists of glass fibres which are wound around the staff.
The other fibre course is longitudinal to the staff and-consists of carbon fibres or carbon fibres and glass fibres.
This invention is directed to a light weight ski staff which is composed of two or more fibre courses, the fibers of which have been bonded together with a hardening compound. One fibre course is the transversal course and consists of glass fibres which are wound around the staff.
The other fibre course is longitudinal to the staff and-consists of carbon fibres or carbon fibres and glass fibres.
Description
~L~54~43 The present invention concerns a ski staff composed of two or more fibre courses, the fibres of which have been bonded together with a hardening compound~
Particularly in competitive skiing the light weight of the ski staff has an essèntial significance because in the first place the staff has to be carried in the hand and secondly it has to be accelerated from ~ero velocity to a considerable velocity.
It is therefore obvious that in the case of the ski staff light weight is even more significant than in that of the ski, which glides along the trail most of the distance traversed. It is ; ;~
nowadays possible to make ski staffs which are light in view of their strength, e.g. of light metal and reinforced plastic, ~ ;
which is most commonly known as a combination of glass fibres ~
:i , and epoxy or polyester resin. Up to date, however, with fibre~
reinforced staffs no results decisively superior to those obtained with metal staffs have been achieved because one has not understood to utilize fully the orientation and arrangement of the fibres and the possibility of combining different fibre types. Replacement or admixing of glass fibre with carbon fibre, ` which has greater strength, for instance does not in itself produce the desired result.
The object of the invention is to accomplish a fibre staff of a new type which may be made lighter than staffs of prior art without resulting detriment to strength or rigidity, and wherein the increase of cost compared with a conventional glass fibxe staff can be kept within reasonable bounds considering the ~ advantages gained.
::, ' This object is achieved b~ means of the invention mainly in that one fibre course consists of glass fibres transversal to the staff and wound around, and another fibre course consists of carbon fibre longitudinal to the staff or of both carbon and glass fibres, both courses being bonded to each other.
.
',, ~ '~"
:, :
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:; .
As a result o~ the use of light and s-trong carbon fibres the staff according to the invention will be substantially lighter than any staff of prior art.
~n essential feature of the invention is howe~er the way in which the manner of joining according to the invention the carbon fibre and the glass fibre endows the s~aff with the desired character-istics. It is well known that carbon fibre has a tensile strength and a modulus of elasticity considerably higher than the cor-responding values of glass fibre, and therefore its disposition as longitudinal fibre already in itself results in a very strong and rigid staff, and a rigidity equivalent to that of glass fibre structures is achieved with a far less fibre quantity.
However, the elastic elongation of carbon fibre is low and therefore the rigid staEf is subject to rupture under a relatively low bending already unless it is possible to increase the permissible deflection of the staff in the elastic range by some new means. An opportunity hereto is indeed aforded by expedients which aim to influence the oval transformation tendency of the cross section which is associated with bending.
, Oval transformation taking place too easily leads to buckling of the staff and to rupture by buckling even before the stress in the longitudinal reinforcement has reached the permissible limit, and it follows that counteriaction of the oval transformation tendency, which is implemented in the present invention by the aid of transversally wound fibres, is indispensable. But an i excessively rigid transversal reinforcement leads, expressly in a staff containing carbon fibres as its longitudinal reinforce-ment, to an abrupt ruptur~ event without any worthwhile oval transformation. Therefore carbon fibre, which has a high modulus of el~sticity, is not appropriate for use as transversal reinforcement, whereas glass fibre, with its lower modulus of elasticity is paxticularly well adapted to this purpose especially in a staff having carbon Fibres as its longitudinal reinforcement.
Glass fibre used as transversal reinforcement permits an oval ;, : .", .
, . :
: . . :
- . . : ,: , - ~ .
::, . :: ' . ,:
. .
, . .
L6~3 txansformation of the staff in such amount that for the staff an optimized elastic deflection is obtained without incurring in the longitudinal carbon fibres a stress which would rise up to the ultimate stress limit.
The invention is described in the following more closely, with reference to the attached drawinq, wherein:-Fig. 1 presents a staff according to a first embodiment of the invention, in cross section and vertical section, Fig. 2 presents a staff according to a second embodiment of the invention, in cross section and vertical section, and Fig. 3 presents a staff according to a third embodiment of the invention, in cross section and vertical section.
In the embodiment of Fig. 1 the tubular staff consists of an inner glass fibre course 1 and an outer carbon fibre course 2. ~-The staff has been made in that around a so-called core glass fibre filaments have been wound, either in a uniform fibre layer ~-or as a helical fibre bundle, ~he interstices being filled with resin. Generally considered the last-mentioned alternative implies that, viewed in vertical section, the distribution of the glass fibres displays concentrations and rarefactions. In the same manufacturing step, immediately upon the winding of the glass fibres, follows the drawing of carbon fibres longitudina~ly to the staff~ This may be done in a way well-known in the art by pulling carbon fibres, which have been wetted with a hardening compound, through an annular, compressing nozzle. The carbon fibres may appropriately be drawn under a pre-stress and in the next step a tape is wound upon the staff that has been formed, which tape binds and presses the fibres and resin together until sufficient hardening has taken place so that the encircling tape ma~ be removed. The manufacturing may be arranged to take place in a continuous process, in which case after the tape ~ -~
winding step cross cutting of the tube thus formed to desired lengths is undertaken, and curing of the resin.
", : . ...
.
. .
: : , .: . :. ., .
. .
_ 4 ~ 5~643 In the embodiment of Fig. 2 there is innermost a longitudinal carbon fibre course 2' and upon this a transversal glass fibre course 1' has been wound. Upon this moreover a longitudinal glass fibre course 3 has been drawn. By means of the location and choice of material of the longitudinal fibre layers 2' and 3 an essential addi~ional advantage of the invention is gained owing to the fact that with the carbon fibres, which have a higher modulus of elasticity/ substantially closer to the core of the staff and the lower modulus of elasticity glass fibres on the surface of the staff, greater uniformity is obtained in the distribution o~ stresses between the longitudinal fibre layers 2' and 3.
In the embodiment of Fig. 3 the two innermost layers have been formed in the same way as the staff of Fig. 1. Additionally, upon the carbon fibre course 2 another transversal glass fibre course 1" has been wound, and upon this even further one longitudinal glass fibre layer 3 has been drawn. In this embodiment the buckling of the carbon fibre course 2 is efficiently prevented and accordingly its high tensile strength can be efficiently utilized. Sufficient strength and rigidity of the staff have been achieved with a comparatively low amount of carbon fibres and it has been possible to use a relatively large quanti~y of the less expensive glass fibre. This notwithstanding the staff is substantially lighter than any staff of prior art having comparable strength and rigidity characteristics. When the longitudinal carbon fibre layer 2 is located closer to the core o~ the staff than the longitudinal glass fibre course 3 a more uniform distribution of stresses between the longitudinal fibre layers is achieved in the same manner as in the embodiment of Fig. 2.
..
., .
., , - . .- . . -- -.
~ . . . . ... .
,: . . : ,.
Particularly in competitive skiing the light weight of the ski staff has an essèntial significance because in the first place the staff has to be carried in the hand and secondly it has to be accelerated from ~ero velocity to a considerable velocity.
It is therefore obvious that in the case of the ski staff light weight is even more significant than in that of the ski, which glides along the trail most of the distance traversed. It is ; ;~
nowadays possible to make ski staffs which are light in view of their strength, e.g. of light metal and reinforced plastic, ~ ;
which is most commonly known as a combination of glass fibres ~
:i , and epoxy or polyester resin. Up to date, however, with fibre~
reinforced staffs no results decisively superior to those obtained with metal staffs have been achieved because one has not understood to utilize fully the orientation and arrangement of the fibres and the possibility of combining different fibre types. Replacement or admixing of glass fibre with carbon fibre, ` which has greater strength, for instance does not in itself produce the desired result.
The object of the invention is to accomplish a fibre staff of a new type which may be made lighter than staffs of prior art without resulting detriment to strength or rigidity, and wherein the increase of cost compared with a conventional glass fibxe staff can be kept within reasonable bounds considering the ~ advantages gained.
::, ' This object is achieved b~ means of the invention mainly in that one fibre course consists of glass fibres transversal to the staff and wound around, and another fibre course consists of carbon fibre longitudinal to the staff or of both carbon and glass fibres, both courses being bonded to each other.
.
',, ~ '~"
:, :
-; : :: ~
:; .
As a result o~ the use of light and s-trong carbon fibres the staff according to the invention will be substantially lighter than any staff of prior art.
~n essential feature of the invention is howe~er the way in which the manner of joining according to the invention the carbon fibre and the glass fibre endows the s~aff with the desired character-istics. It is well known that carbon fibre has a tensile strength and a modulus of elasticity considerably higher than the cor-responding values of glass fibre, and therefore its disposition as longitudinal fibre already in itself results in a very strong and rigid staff, and a rigidity equivalent to that of glass fibre structures is achieved with a far less fibre quantity.
However, the elastic elongation of carbon fibre is low and therefore the rigid staEf is subject to rupture under a relatively low bending already unless it is possible to increase the permissible deflection of the staff in the elastic range by some new means. An opportunity hereto is indeed aforded by expedients which aim to influence the oval transformation tendency of the cross section which is associated with bending.
, Oval transformation taking place too easily leads to buckling of the staff and to rupture by buckling even before the stress in the longitudinal reinforcement has reached the permissible limit, and it follows that counteriaction of the oval transformation tendency, which is implemented in the present invention by the aid of transversally wound fibres, is indispensable. But an i excessively rigid transversal reinforcement leads, expressly in a staff containing carbon fibres as its longitudinal reinforce-ment, to an abrupt ruptur~ event without any worthwhile oval transformation. Therefore carbon fibre, which has a high modulus of el~sticity, is not appropriate for use as transversal reinforcement, whereas glass fibre, with its lower modulus of elasticity is paxticularly well adapted to this purpose especially in a staff having carbon Fibres as its longitudinal reinforcement.
Glass fibre used as transversal reinforcement permits an oval ;, : .", .
, . :
: . . :
- . . : ,: , - ~ .
::, . :: ' . ,:
. .
, . .
L6~3 txansformation of the staff in such amount that for the staff an optimized elastic deflection is obtained without incurring in the longitudinal carbon fibres a stress which would rise up to the ultimate stress limit.
The invention is described in the following more closely, with reference to the attached drawinq, wherein:-Fig. 1 presents a staff according to a first embodiment of the invention, in cross section and vertical section, Fig. 2 presents a staff according to a second embodiment of the invention, in cross section and vertical section, and Fig. 3 presents a staff according to a third embodiment of the invention, in cross section and vertical section.
In the embodiment of Fig. 1 the tubular staff consists of an inner glass fibre course 1 and an outer carbon fibre course 2. ~-The staff has been made in that around a so-called core glass fibre filaments have been wound, either in a uniform fibre layer ~-or as a helical fibre bundle, ~he interstices being filled with resin. Generally considered the last-mentioned alternative implies that, viewed in vertical section, the distribution of the glass fibres displays concentrations and rarefactions. In the same manufacturing step, immediately upon the winding of the glass fibres, follows the drawing of carbon fibres longitudina~ly to the staff~ This may be done in a way well-known in the art by pulling carbon fibres, which have been wetted with a hardening compound, through an annular, compressing nozzle. The carbon fibres may appropriately be drawn under a pre-stress and in the next step a tape is wound upon the staff that has been formed, which tape binds and presses the fibres and resin together until sufficient hardening has taken place so that the encircling tape ma~ be removed. The manufacturing may be arranged to take place in a continuous process, in which case after the tape ~ -~
winding step cross cutting of the tube thus formed to desired lengths is undertaken, and curing of the resin.
", : . ...
.
. .
: : , .: . :. ., .
. .
_ 4 ~ 5~643 In the embodiment of Fig. 2 there is innermost a longitudinal carbon fibre course 2' and upon this a transversal glass fibre course 1' has been wound. Upon this moreover a longitudinal glass fibre course 3 has been drawn. By means of the location and choice of material of the longitudinal fibre layers 2' and 3 an essential addi~ional advantage of the invention is gained owing to the fact that with the carbon fibres, which have a higher modulus of elasticity/ substantially closer to the core of the staff and the lower modulus of elasticity glass fibres on the surface of the staff, greater uniformity is obtained in the distribution o~ stresses between the longitudinal fibre layers 2' and 3.
In the embodiment of Fig. 3 the two innermost layers have been formed in the same way as the staff of Fig. 1. Additionally, upon the carbon fibre course 2 another transversal glass fibre course 1" has been wound, and upon this even further one longitudinal glass fibre layer 3 has been drawn. In this embodiment the buckling of the carbon fibre course 2 is efficiently prevented and accordingly its high tensile strength can be efficiently utilized. Sufficient strength and rigidity of the staff have been achieved with a comparatively low amount of carbon fibres and it has been possible to use a relatively large quanti~y of the less expensive glass fibre. This notwithstanding the staff is substantially lighter than any staff of prior art having comparable strength and rigidity characteristics. When the longitudinal carbon fibre layer 2 is located closer to the core o~ the staff than the longitudinal glass fibre course 3 a more uniform distribution of stresses between the longitudinal fibre layers is achieved in the same manner as in the embodiment of Fig. 2.
..
., .
., , - . .- . . -- -.
~ . . . . ... .
,: . . : ,.
Claims (5)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. Ski staff composed of two or more fibre courses, the fibres of which have been bonded together with a hardening compound, characterized in that one fibre course (1,1') consists of glass fibres transversal to and wound around the staff and another fibre course (2,2') consists of carbon fibres longitudinal to the staff or of both carbon and glass fibres, both courses being bonded to each other.
2. Ski staff according to claim 1, characterized in that the innermost course (1) consists of transversal glass fibres and the course (2) upon it, of longitudinal carbon fibres.
3. Ski staff according to claim 1, characterized in that upon the longitudinal carbon fibre course (2,2') there is a transversal glass fibre course (1",1').
4. Ski staff according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the innermost course (1,2') consists of longitudinal carbon fibres and upon it there is a transversal glass fibre course (1').
5. Ski staff according to claim 1, claim 2 or claim 3, characterized in that the outermost course is a longitudinal glass fibre course (3).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI750408A FI55612C (en) | 1975-02-14 | 1975-02-14 | sKI STICK |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1054643A true CA1054643A (en) | 1979-05-15 |
Family
ID=8508974
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA245689A Expired CA1054643A (en) | 1975-02-14 | 1976-02-13 | Ski pole having glass and carbon fibre construction |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1054643A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2605581A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI55612C (en) |
| NO (1) | NO136697C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE410938B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5348346A (en) * | 1991-12-18 | 1994-09-20 | Neste Oy | Ski stick |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4301201A (en) * | 1979-03-30 | 1981-11-17 | Trail Equipment Company, Inc. | Ski pole shaft |
| US5503432A (en) * | 1989-01-12 | 1996-04-02 | Goode; David P. | Tapered ski pole made of thermoplastic material |
| US5265911A (en) * | 1989-01-12 | 1993-11-30 | Goode David P | Composite ski pole and method of making same |
| DE4236433C2 (en) * | 1992-10-28 | 1996-09-12 | Klaus Lenhart | Ski or hiking stick |
| US5320386A (en) * | 1993-03-22 | 1994-06-14 | Halvati Sport Limited | Composite titanium ski pole and method of making same |
| DE19602721A1 (en) * | 1996-01-17 | 1997-07-24 | Jan Ortwig | Ski and / or hiking stick |
| DE20220186U1 (en) * | 2002-12-23 | 2004-05-06 | Lenhart, Klaus | Lightweight stick for sport and leisure has a sandwich construction with an elastic inner layer |
| DE202004009332U1 (en) * | 2004-06-07 | 2005-10-27 | Lenhart, Klaus | Walking stick for Nordic walking, roller skating and trekking comprises a tubular layer arranged along an adjusting region of an outer tube to receive radial forces |
-
1975
- 1975-02-14 FI FI750408A patent/FI55612C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1976
- 1976-02-12 DE DE19762605581 patent/DE2605581A1/en active Pending
- 1976-02-12 NO NO760441A patent/NO136697C/en unknown
- 1976-02-13 SE SE7601632A patent/SE410938B/en unknown
- 1976-02-13 CA CA245689A patent/CA1054643A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5348346A (en) * | 1991-12-18 | 1994-09-20 | Neste Oy | Ski stick |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE410938B (en) | 1979-11-19 |
| FI55612C (en) | 1989-12-28 |
| NO136697C (en) | 1977-10-26 |
| FI55612B (en) | 1979-05-31 |
| NO760441L (en) | 1976-08-17 |
| NO136697B (en) | 1977-07-18 |
| FI750408A7 (en) | 1976-08-15 |
| SE7601632L (en) | 1976-08-16 |
| DE2605581A1 (en) | 1976-08-26 |
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