CA1061202A - Apparatus for spinning textile fibers - Google Patents
Apparatus for spinning textile fibersInfo
- Publication number
- CA1061202A CA1061202A CA299,256A CA299256A CA1061202A CA 1061202 A CA1061202 A CA 1061202A CA 299256 A CA299256 A CA 299256A CA 1061202 A CA1061202 A CA 1061202A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- sliver
- space
- yarn
- drum
- operable
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 title claims description 3
- 208000012886 Vertigo Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009960 carding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007383 open-end spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007378 ring spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
- D02G3/36—Cored or coated yarns or threads
- D02G3/367—Cored or coated yarns or threads using a drawing frame
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
- D01H4/00—Open-end spinning machines or arrangements for imparting twist to independently moving fibres separated from slivers; Piecing arrangements therefor; Covering endless core threads with fibres by open-end spinning techniques
- D01H4/04—Open-end spinning machines or arrangements for imparting twist to independently moving fibres separated from slivers; Piecing arrangements therefor; Covering endless core threads with fibres by open-end spinning techniques imparting twist by contact of fibres with a running surface
- D01H4/16—Friction spinning, i.e. the running surface being provided by a pair of closely spaced friction drums, e.g. at least one suction drum
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure A first twisting member comprises a ro-tary drum. A movable second twisting member defines a triangular-section space with said drum. A pair or withdrawing rollers are associated with one end of said drum. A sliver source is operable to deliver a sliver to said space at the other end of said drum and comprises a draw frame, which directly precedes said space and is operable to draw out said sliver and to hold the drawn-out sliver against rotation.
The twisting members are operable to receive flying fibers in said space and to twist said drawn-out sliver and to twist said fibers in said space around said sliver so as to form a yarn. Said withdrawing rollers are operable to withdraw said yarn from said space.
The twisting members are operable to receive flying fibers in said space and to twist said drawn-out sliver and to twist said fibers in said space around said sliver so as to form a yarn. Said withdrawing rollers are operable to withdraw said yarn from said space.
Description
~G~Z
~his invention relates to apparatus ~-.
for spinning textile fibers comprising a rotary :
drum, which constitutes a first twisting member, and an also movable second twisting member, which `~
is associated with said drum and defines with the `~
latter a triangular-seceion space3 at least one of said twisting members having a suction zone `~
ad~oining said space and the fibers being intro-duced in a flying state into said space and being j twisted therein about a yarn core, which extends .i through said space in the longitudinal direction of the drum to a pair of withdrawing rollers.
Austrian Patent Specification 333,631 discloses apparatus which comprises two closely spaced apart suction drums, which are perforated and rotate in ~^
.,.
'` :
~;'~" .
106:~L2~2 the same sense and have mutallg confronting suction ziones, which adjoin said triangular-section space be~
tween said drums. In that apparatus, the flying fibers which are supplied from a disintegrating unit are twi-sted together in the triangular-section space and are then withdrawn as a yarn by means of a pair of wi~h-drawing rollers disposed at one end of the drum and are held against rotation at the same time. Such spin-ning apparatus affords the advantage of involving a relatively low structural expenditure and enabling a spinning and a withdrawal of yarn at relatively high speed. This is due to the fact that the twisting speed and the yarn~withdrawing speed do not depend on ele~
ments of construction which rotate at high speed and the yarn being formed is merely rolled in contact with the two suction drums.
In order to produce yarns having a higher ~;
tenacity and thus to enable an operation at still a ~~
higher withdrawing speed and production rate, it has also been proposed to improve the above-described spinning apparatus in that a yarn core is withdrawn through the triangular-section space from that end of the drums which is opposite with the withdrawing means ~Austrian Published Application A 2586/76).
The yarn core which is used ConsiStS~ as a rule, of an endless filament or of a previously ex-isting yarn. Whereas the use of such yarn core increa~
ses the tenacity of the yarn produc~, it results in a -final yarn having a changed structure, which is some-times not desired, and/or precludes the production of
~his invention relates to apparatus ~-.
for spinning textile fibers comprising a rotary :
drum, which constitutes a first twisting member, and an also movable second twisting member, which `~
is associated with said drum and defines with the `~
latter a triangular-seceion space3 at least one of said twisting members having a suction zone `~
ad~oining said space and the fibers being intro-duced in a flying state into said space and being j twisted therein about a yarn core, which extends .i through said space in the longitudinal direction of the drum to a pair of withdrawing rollers.
Austrian Patent Specification 333,631 discloses apparatus which comprises two closely spaced apart suction drums, which are perforated and rotate in ~^
.,.
'` :
~;'~" .
106:~L2~2 the same sense and have mutallg confronting suction ziones, which adjoin said triangular-section space be~
tween said drums. In that apparatus, the flying fibers which are supplied from a disintegrating unit are twi-sted together in the triangular-section space and are then withdrawn as a yarn by means of a pair of wi~h-drawing rollers disposed at one end of the drum and are held against rotation at the same time. Such spin-ning apparatus affords the advantage of involving a relatively low structural expenditure and enabling a spinning and a withdrawal of yarn at relatively high speed. This is due to the fact that the twisting speed and the yarn~withdrawing speed do not depend on ele~
ments of construction which rotate at high speed and the yarn being formed is merely rolled in contact with the two suction drums.
In order to produce yarns having a higher ~;
tenacity and thus to enable an operation at still a ~~
higher withdrawing speed and production rate, it has also been proposed to improve the above-described spinning apparatus in that a yarn core is withdrawn through the triangular-section space from that end of the drums which is opposite with the withdrawing means ~Austrian Published Application A 2586/76).
The yarn core which is used ConsiStS~ as a rule, of an endless filament or of a previously ex-isting yarn. Whereas the use of such yarn core increa~
ses the tenacity of the yarn produc~, it results in a -final yarn having a changed structure, which is some-times not desired, and/or precludes the production of
- 2 -`
`" ~061202 very fine yarn products. Whereas sliver might be used as a yarn core, this would also result in compar~tively thick yarns because the sliver which is normally available has a weight of at least Nm 1-2 and for this reason is large in diameter.
Sliver can be drawn out to a large extent but must be twisted as it is drawn out because it cannot be transported when it has been drawn out but has not been twisted.
It is an object of the invention so to improve the above-described apparatus that even very fine yarn can be spun and withdrawn at high speed.
This object is accomplished in accordance with the invention through the provision of an apparatus comprising a first twisting member con-sisting of a rotary drum, a movable second twisting member, which defines a triangular-section space with said drum, a pair of wi~hdrawing rollers dis-posed associated with one end of said drum, and a sliver source operable to deliver a sliver to said space at the other end of said drum, said sliver source comprising a draw frame, which directly precedes said space and is operable to draw out said sliver and to hold the drawn-out sliver against rotation. The twisting members are operable to receive flying fibers in said space and to twist said drawnout sliver and to twist fibers in said space around said sliver so as to form a yarn. The withdrawing rollers are operable to withdraw said yarn from said space.
The sliver is thus drawn out directly before the two twisting members so that the sliver can be drawn out to 20 to 40 times its original ; length and can then be delivered at a speed up to or above 300 meters per minute and such operation will not effect the coherence of the drawn-out sliver because the latter is immediately wrapped in the triangular-section space between the two twisting members with the fibers flying into said space. Both twisting members may consist of suction drums. Alternatively, -one twisting member may consist of a rotary disc. It is not necessary to provide each twisting member with suction ~.
`" ~061202 very fine yarn products. Whereas sliver might be used as a yarn core, this would also result in compar~tively thick yarns because the sliver which is normally available has a weight of at least Nm 1-2 and for this reason is large in diameter.
Sliver can be drawn out to a large extent but must be twisted as it is drawn out because it cannot be transported when it has been drawn out but has not been twisted.
It is an object of the invention so to improve the above-described apparatus that even very fine yarn can be spun and withdrawn at high speed.
This object is accomplished in accordance with the invention through the provision of an apparatus comprising a first twisting member con-sisting of a rotary drum, a movable second twisting member, which defines a triangular-section space with said drum, a pair of wi~hdrawing rollers dis-posed associated with one end of said drum, and a sliver source operable to deliver a sliver to said space at the other end of said drum, said sliver source comprising a draw frame, which directly precedes said space and is operable to draw out said sliver and to hold the drawn-out sliver against rotation. The twisting members are operable to receive flying fibers in said space and to twist said drawnout sliver and to twist fibers in said space around said sliver so as to form a yarn. The withdrawing rollers are operable to withdraw said yarn from said space.
The sliver is thus drawn out directly before the two twisting members so that the sliver can be drawn out to 20 to 40 times its original ; length and can then be delivered at a speed up to or above 300 meters per minute and such operation will not effect the coherence of the drawn-out sliver because the latter is immediately wrapped in the triangular-section space between the two twisting members with the fibers flying into said space. Both twisting members may consist of suction drums. Alternatively, -one twisting member may consist of a rotary disc. It is not necessary to provide each twisting member with suction ~.
- 3 -~061~
means. It will be apparent that the high speed of operation of the draw frame permits also of a withdra- ;
wal of the yarn product at high speed and that the !~
high draw ratio permits of a manufacture even of very thin ya~ns.
Because the drawn~out sliver is held against rotation in the draw frame as well as by the pair of withdrawing rollers but between the two twist-ing members is twisted together with the flying fibers which are supplied, this operation might be considered as a mere false twisting. Surprisingly it has been i , found that the sliver fibers retain the twist imparted to them by the two twisting members behind the draw frame because the individual fibers which fly into the triangular-section space and are then wound around the sliver fibers prevent an untwisting of the latter be-tween the twisting members and the pair of withdrawing rollers. The resulting yarn thus has an optimum tena-city as its core consists of drawn-out fibers which `~
extend substantially in the longitudinal direction of the yarn and is~provided with a suitable covering and it is possible to make even fluffy yarns which in spite of a low twist have an adequate strength.
It is known that fibers which are more highly parallel and have been drawn out to a larger extent are required in the manufacture of yarns which should be spun to a higher fineness number. Besides~
a yarn having a high fineness number should be highly uniform as regards the number of individual fibers in successive cross-sections as the absolute number ."~
,.:
. . .
~,~" , : :
, . .
", : i 3L~6~2~:
of fibers in the cross-section decreases as the fineness of the yarn is increased Because the sliver is drawn out, the apparatus according to the invention permits of a manufacture of yarns having high fineness numbers up to and above Nm 80 as the requirements explained hereinbefore are fulfilled.
Whereas the apparatus according to the invention can be used to spin yarn at a yarn speed of 300 meters per minute, in accordance with the speed of the draw frame, modern ring spinning frames ; operate at yarn speeds up to 40 meters per minute i and modern rotor spinning machines when producing fine yarns having fineness numbers above about Nm 20 ; operate at 80 to 100 meters per minute and can be used only up to about Nm 40.
, . . .
An embodiment of the invention is shown .: ., ., ~.
strictly diagrammatically and by way of example on , the accompanying drawing, in which ~, :, Fig. 1 is a transverse sectional view f 20 showing part of a spinning apparatus viewed on a plane which is normal to the yarn being fonmed, and Fig. 2 is a side elevation showing the apparatus of Fig. 1 without the forward twisting me~- ~;
~.~ , - ber.
Fibers fly freely from a serrated carding drum 1 into a triangular-section space between two ~-twis~ing members, which consist of two closely-spaced ~ apart suction drums 2 rotating in the same sense. Two , 1 .
i suction inserts 3 provided in respective suction drums ~ -, I ., .
define suction 7ones, which adjoin the triangular-, ~ . . .
":, ~ .,'':
- 5 _ ~
. ,. ~ , .
~, .
. :'': . ' . : . . , . , . . . , . ,;, ,: .. . ..... . ... .. . . .
~6~ 2 section space and face each other~ A pair of rollers 5 for withdrawing the yarn being formed are provided at one end of the drums and hold the yarn against rotation. At that end which is opposite to the rollers ;
5, the drums 2 are directly preceded by a draw frame, which consists of pairs of rollers 6~ 7~ 8. To pro- -duce a draft~ the rollers 6~ 7~ 8 are rotated at speeds which increase f~om each pair to the next. A
sliver 9 is fed through an eyelet 10 to the draw `
frame 6, 7~ 8 and is drawn out by the latter to 20 to 40 times its original length. The drawn-out sliver is moved through the triangular-section space between the drums 2 to the pair of withdrawing rollers 5 and t' by means of the drums 2 is twisted and is wrapped with the flying fibers delivered by the carding drum , 1. These fibers prevent the false twisting which would otherwise result.
;, "
.~ .
~` .
~,"''.
~'" '' ''' . '~
means. It will be apparent that the high speed of operation of the draw frame permits also of a withdra- ;
wal of the yarn product at high speed and that the !~
high draw ratio permits of a manufacture even of very thin ya~ns.
Because the drawn~out sliver is held against rotation in the draw frame as well as by the pair of withdrawing rollers but between the two twist-ing members is twisted together with the flying fibers which are supplied, this operation might be considered as a mere false twisting. Surprisingly it has been i , found that the sliver fibers retain the twist imparted to them by the two twisting members behind the draw frame because the individual fibers which fly into the triangular-section space and are then wound around the sliver fibers prevent an untwisting of the latter be-tween the twisting members and the pair of withdrawing rollers. The resulting yarn thus has an optimum tena-city as its core consists of drawn-out fibers which `~
extend substantially in the longitudinal direction of the yarn and is~provided with a suitable covering and it is possible to make even fluffy yarns which in spite of a low twist have an adequate strength.
It is known that fibers which are more highly parallel and have been drawn out to a larger extent are required in the manufacture of yarns which should be spun to a higher fineness number. Besides~
a yarn having a high fineness number should be highly uniform as regards the number of individual fibers in successive cross-sections as the absolute number ."~
,.:
. . .
~,~" , : :
, . .
", : i 3L~6~2~:
of fibers in the cross-section decreases as the fineness of the yarn is increased Because the sliver is drawn out, the apparatus according to the invention permits of a manufacture of yarns having high fineness numbers up to and above Nm 80 as the requirements explained hereinbefore are fulfilled.
Whereas the apparatus according to the invention can be used to spin yarn at a yarn speed of 300 meters per minute, in accordance with the speed of the draw frame, modern ring spinning frames ; operate at yarn speeds up to 40 meters per minute i and modern rotor spinning machines when producing fine yarns having fineness numbers above about Nm 20 ; operate at 80 to 100 meters per minute and can be used only up to about Nm 40.
, . . .
An embodiment of the invention is shown .: ., ., ~.
strictly diagrammatically and by way of example on , the accompanying drawing, in which ~, :, Fig. 1 is a transverse sectional view f 20 showing part of a spinning apparatus viewed on a plane which is normal to the yarn being fonmed, and Fig. 2 is a side elevation showing the apparatus of Fig. 1 without the forward twisting me~- ~;
~.~ , - ber.
Fibers fly freely from a serrated carding drum 1 into a triangular-section space between two ~-twis~ing members, which consist of two closely-spaced ~ apart suction drums 2 rotating in the same sense. Two , 1 .
i suction inserts 3 provided in respective suction drums ~ -, I ., .
define suction 7ones, which adjoin the triangular-, ~ . . .
":, ~ .,'':
- 5 _ ~
. ,. ~ , .
~, .
. :'': . ' . : . . , . , . . . , . ,;, ,: .. . ..... . ... .. . . .
~6~ 2 section space and face each other~ A pair of rollers 5 for withdrawing the yarn being formed are provided at one end of the drums and hold the yarn against rotation. At that end which is opposite to the rollers ;
5, the drums 2 are directly preceded by a draw frame, which consists of pairs of rollers 6~ 7~ 8. To pro- -duce a draft~ the rollers 6~ 7~ 8 are rotated at speeds which increase f~om each pair to the next. A
sliver 9 is fed through an eyelet 10 to the draw `
frame 6, 7~ 8 and is drawn out by the latter to 20 to 40 times its original length. The drawn-out sliver is moved through the triangular-section space between the drums 2 to the pair of withdrawing rollers 5 and t' by means of the drums 2 is twisted and is wrapped with the flying fibers delivered by the carding drum , 1. These fibers prevent the false twisting which would otherwise result.
;, "
.~ .
~` .
~,"''.
~'" '' ''' . '~
Claims
The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are de-fined as follows:
Apparatus for spinning textile fibers, comprising a first twisting member consisting of a rotary drum, a movable second twisting member, which defines a triangular-section space with said drum, a pair of withdrawing rollers disposed associated with one end of said drum, a sliver source operable to deliver a sliver to said space at the other end of said drum, said sliver source comprising a draw frame, which directly precedes said space and is operable to draw out said sliver and to hold the drawn-out sliver against rotation, said twisting members being operable to receive flying fibers in said space and to twist said drawnout sliver and to twist fibers in said space around said sliver so as to form a yarn, said withdrawing rollers being operable to withdraw said yarn from said space.
Apparatus for spinning textile fibers, comprising a first twisting member consisting of a rotary drum, a movable second twisting member, which defines a triangular-section space with said drum, a pair of withdrawing rollers disposed associated with one end of said drum, a sliver source operable to deliver a sliver to said space at the other end of said drum, said sliver source comprising a draw frame, which directly precedes said space and is operable to draw out said sliver and to hold the drawn-out sliver against rotation, said twisting members being operable to receive flying fibers in said space and to twist said drawnout sliver and to twist fibers in said space around said sliver so as to form a yarn, said withdrawing rollers being operable to withdraw said yarn from said space.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT293177A AT345701B (en) | 1977-04-27 | 1977-04-27 | DEVICE FOR SPINNING TEXTILE FIBERS |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1061202A true CA1061202A (en) | 1979-08-28 |
Family
ID=3542573
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA299,256A Expired CA1061202A (en) | 1977-04-27 | 1978-03-20 | Apparatus for spinning textile fibers |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS53134938A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT345701B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE865720A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1061202A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH626664A5 (en) |
| CS (1) | CS198288B2 (en) |
| DD (1) | DD135220A5 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE2809000A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES468398A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2388904A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1593448A (en) |
| HU (1) | HU184086B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1103179B (en) |
| PL (1) | PL108958B1 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE433627B (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2909615C2 (en) * | 1978-05-26 | 1982-03-18 | Ernst Dr. 4020 Linz Fehrer | Apparatus for producing a yarn |
| CH615554B (en) * | 1978-09-05 | Heberlein Hispano Sa | METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A CORE COAT YARN | |
| GB2042599B (en) * | 1978-10-26 | 1983-09-21 | Platt Saco Lowell Ltd | Open-end spinning apparatus |
| DE3023936A1 (en) * | 1979-07-27 | 1981-02-19 | Ernst Dr Fehrer | DEVICE FOR PRODUCING A YARN |
| EP0031250B2 (en) * | 1979-12-22 | 1988-06-22 | Hollingsworth (U.K.) Limited | Composite yarn |
| DE3047987C2 (en) * | 1980-01-28 | 1986-01-23 | Ernst Dr. Linz Fehrer | Apparatus for producing a yarn |
| DE3019195C2 (en) * | 1980-05-16 | 1986-04-17 | Filature Saint André, Saint André, Nord | Device for spinning staple fiber ribbons into a yarn |
| FR2520391A1 (en) * | 1982-01-26 | 1983-07-29 | Asa Sa | Prodn. of fibres-coated, multifilament thread for weaving etc. - contacts thread with fibres in circumferential channel of rotating guide wheel |
| US4489540A (en) * | 1982-01-26 | 1984-12-25 | Asa S.A. | Process and device for obtaining a spun yarn of fibres comprising an internal core and novel types of spun yarns thus made |
| FR2529234A1 (en) * | 1982-06-29 | 1983-12-30 | Asa Sa | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING FIBER YARNS COMPRISING A SOUL |
| WO1984004550A1 (en) * | 1983-05-18 | 1984-11-22 | Heberlein Hispano Sa | Method and device for yarn winding |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2065441A1 (en) * | 1970-08-26 | 1973-08-23 | Schubert & Salzer Maschinen | Staple fibre yarn prodn - by positively drawing a fibre roving twisting and winding onto a bobbin |
| JPS5243256B2 (en) * | 1973-04-10 | 1977-10-29 | ||
| CA1002401A (en) * | 1974-03-29 | 1976-12-28 | John Umiastowski | Yarn forming method and product thereof |
-
1977
- 1977-04-27 AT AT293177A patent/AT345701B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1978
- 1978-03-02 DE DE19782809000 patent/DE2809000A1/en active Pending
- 1978-03-02 DE DE19787806318U patent/DE7806318U1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-03-03 CH CH229578A patent/CH626664A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-03-06 HU HU78FE1015A patent/HU184086B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-03-14 CS CS781615A patent/CS198288B2/en unknown
- 1978-03-15 PL PL1978205324A patent/PL108958B1/en unknown
- 1978-03-16 IT IT12516/78A patent/IT1103179B/en active
- 1978-03-16 SE SE7803028A patent/SE433627B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-03-17 GB GB10745/78A patent/GB1593448A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-03-20 JP JP3114878A patent/JPS53134938A/en active Granted
- 1978-03-20 CA CA299,256A patent/CA1061202A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-03-31 ES ES468398A patent/ES468398A1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-04-03 FR FR7809721A patent/FR2388904A1/en active Pending
- 1978-04-05 BE BE186592A patent/BE865720A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-04-25 DD DD78204992A patent/DD135220A5/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE433627B (en) | 1984-06-04 |
| GB1593448A (en) | 1981-07-15 |
| CS198288B2 (en) | 1980-05-30 |
| SE7803028L (en) | 1978-10-28 |
| PL108958B1 (en) | 1980-05-31 |
| IT1103179B (en) | 1985-10-14 |
| DE7806318U1 (en) | 1979-11-22 |
| DE2809000A1 (en) | 1978-11-09 |
| ES468398A1 (en) | 1978-12-16 |
| JPS575887B2 (en) | 1982-02-02 |
| HU184086B (en) | 1984-06-28 |
| AT345701B (en) | 1978-10-10 |
| DD135220A5 (en) | 1979-04-18 |
| JPS53134938A (en) | 1978-11-25 |
| FR2388904A1 (en) | 1978-11-24 |
| BE865720A (en) | 1978-10-05 |
| ATA293177A (en) | 1978-01-15 |
| CH626664A5 (en) | 1981-11-30 |
| PL205324A1 (en) | 1978-12-18 |
| IT7812516A0 (en) | 1978-03-16 |
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