CA1073209A - Process and plant for the utilisation of tar in gasification of granular fuel under pressure, especially of bituminous coal - Google Patents

Process and plant for the utilisation of tar in gasification of granular fuel under pressure, especially of bituminous coal

Info

Publication number
CA1073209A
CA1073209A CA260,250A CA260250A CA1073209A CA 1073209 A CA1073209 A CA 1073209A CA 260250 A CA260250 A CA 260250A CA 1073209 A CA1073209 A CA 1073209A
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
tar
fuel
gasifier
coal
feeding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
CA260,250A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Wolfgang Ratzeburg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Steag GmbH
Original Assignee
Steag GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Steag GmbH filed Critical Steag GmbH
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA1073209A publication Critical patent/CA1073209A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20Apparatus; Plants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60Processes
    • C10J3/64Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
    • C10J3/66Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/06Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting
    • C10L5/10Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders
    • C10L5/14Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders with organic binders
    • C10L5/16Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders with organic binders with bituminous binders, e.g. tar, pitch
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0903Feed preparation
    • C10J2300/0906Physical processes, e.g. shredding, comminuting, chopping, sorting
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093Coal
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973Water
    • C10J2300/0976Water as steam

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A process for the utilization of tar which is separated from the gases derived from gasification of granular fuel under pressure, especially of bituminous coal, and in which the tar separated from the gases in fed back into the pressure gasification cycle of the fuel. The tar is added as a binder in the pelletisation of the fine grained portions of the fuel and is fed into the generator as a constituent of the pellets.
Apparatus for carrying out the process comprises a pressure generator having a feed device for granular fuel, a tar separator, and a pelletising device connected by a tar conveying pipe to the tar separator, for the addition of binder to the granular fuel, the pelletising device conveying the pellets produced thereby into the feed device. The granular fuel is screened to pass only that portion below a predetermined grain size to the pelletiser, the remaining portion being fed directly to the generator.

Description

1C~73;Z09 The invention relates to a process for the utili~a-tion of tar which is separated from the gases derived from the gasification of granular fuel, such as bituminous coal, whereby the tar received is fed back into the gasification cycle of the fuel. The invention also relates to apparatus for carrying out this process.
In a known process separat:ed hydrocarbons, especially tar, are heated and introduced into the reaction or conversion zone of a generator for the gasifi.cation of granular fuel.
Here the hydro-carbons are broken down in the presence of hydro-gen. The process has the advantage that the tar arising during ~, the process of pressure gasification is utilised. Thus the gas is enriched by the low boiling hydrocarbons obtained frorn the tar. For this reason the gas leaves the generator with a higher calorific ~alue. Of course the introduction of the tar into the generator causes considerable difficulties. Amongst other , things the tar, which is generally highly viscous, has to be forced through pipes into the generator with the aid of pumps.
Another problem with the operating of generators fo'r pressure gasification arises rom the dust conte~t of the generated gas. Its dust content is increased with'the increase - of undersize granules ~i.e.^ o~ 0-2 mm grain size~ in the fine -coal which i5 fed to the generator. Up to 70~ of the coal -obtained by the usual extractlon and preparatlon methods is li~aly to be u~dersize. For this reason the fine coal must bP
graded~before it is fed to the generator so that the coal,fed -to the~generator has generally a grain size of 2-30 mm. Use of coal having a lower grain~slze than this leads to an un- ' desirable high dust content in the'gas generated~ Furthermore, ~ it leads to a poor draught in the,standing pillar of fuel in ~ -~the body of the generator. '~

.

~C~73Z(~9 According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of producing gas from a granular fuel com-prising feedin~ said fuel to a gasifier, separating tar from the gas produced by the gasifier, and using said tar to pelletise fuel being fed to the gasifier.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided an apparatus for producing gas from ~ranular fuel which comprises a gasifier, a tar separator connected to the output of the gasifier and a fuel pelletiser connected to utilise tar fror.t the separator, the output o~ the pelletiser being connected to the gasifier.
According to a ~rther aspect o~ the present invention, ~ , there is provided a process for the utilisation of tar in the ; gasification under pressure of granular bLtuminous coal which comprises the steps of, pelletising under ambient temperature conditions a fine graded dust-like portion of bituminous coal with tar serving as a binder, feeding pellets in grain condi-tion directly to a pressure generator for pxoducin~ gas by reaction with the coal, separating tar obtained ~rom such ~0 pellets and issuing from the reaction zone of the generator and employing same in the pelletisiny step and utilising the - pellets in green condition as the transportin~ vehicle for tar constituents through the pressure generator.
Accordingly, the equipment hitherto requixed for the .
introduction of the tar into the reaction zone of ~he generator is made superfluous. The tar arrives in the reaction zone of .
the generator because the pellets beha~e like the other pieces of fuel and car~ the tar into the reaction zones.

The pelletisation process preferably uses the undersize grains of 0-2 mm grain size. The pellets themselves have,
2~

.. . . . .. ... . . .. . . . . . .. . . .. . . - . . .

.
however, the required size for pressure gasification, pref-erably about 20 ~n. Thus they cor~espondingly reduce the dust carried out in the generator gas. The reduc-tion of the dust content ma]ces it possible for the gas scrubbing plant which follows the generator in process sequence, to be smaller ~han hitherto. Also the mixture obtailled from the scrubber, which consists of tar and dust, exhibits a more favourable tar - dustratio than hitherto. Eecause of this the conveying properties of the tar used for pelletising are improved.
The incidence of dust when loading the fuel into the generator is also reduced. I
For practical purposes the fuel is graded before . pelletising, e.g. in order to exclude the coarse proportion which can be used for gasifying without the necessity of pelletisation.
The following is a description of an embodiment of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawing.
The single figure is a schematic lay-out of a pressure gasification process with a return tar feed.
A pressure generator 1 r~ceives granular fuel, namely ~-coal, at 2 an~, as gasification medium, steam at 3. The generator produces gas by reaction with the fuel, whlch gas leaves the generator 1 at 4. The ash resulting is rernoved at 5.
The fuel required for tlle operating of the generator 1 consists of fine coal with a granular ~radin~ of 0-30 n~ grain size. This is delivered onto a tensionable screen 7 by means ~`~ of a conveyor 6, which screen separates the granular sizes 0-3 mm grain si~e from the coarse proportion of 3-30 mm grain size. The fuel remaining o~ the screen (3 30 mm grain si~e) is fed dlrectly into the generator by a conveyor 8. That pass-ing through the screen (0-3 m~l grain size) arriv~s on a ~ ~ -3- ~ ~

,;, .
~ J~
- ~ ~

- .
~ ; ' .
.

3LC~73;~0g pelletisiny plate 9 of which there may he more than one.
On this pellets are produced from the coal together with tar serving as a binder. The tarcornes from a tar separator which is located in line after the generator 1, but it is not shown.
the tar flows through a pipe 10 and arrives on the ~elletising plate 9. The pellets, which are in ~7hat is known as the "green" condition, are brou~ht to the generator I by a con-veyor 11 and are fed as unheated ~reen pellets into the generator 1.
From the above it will be understood thatthe fine grained portions of the bituminous coal is pelletised by the tar sepaxated from the gases. Then the pellets are fed to the gasifier in a green unheated state. The green unheated pellets serve as a transportin~ medium for the tar obtained from the pellets, and this is regarded as critical It is generally believed that the tar is held together by forces of adhesion, also known as "Vander I~Jaals" forcés, by cohesion forces and capillar effects to the coal dust which is used for pelletisation. l~hatever the forces may be, the effect is that the tar is transported by the green pellets through the column, and when the tar reaches the hot seams of the coal column, then crac~ing is obtained since the pellets obviously transport the tar in very fine portions divided through the whole column of the gasifier 1 so that there is no time for the particles to distill in the upper seams. In fact, the tar-, , , dust amount with respect to the pellets is reduced consider-ably. Furthermore, no transport of the tar-dust mixture is necessary.

30 ;
- ~ :

:-- : ~ .:
- ~, '

Claims (9)

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1. A method of producing gas from a granular fuel comprising feeding said fuel to a gasifier, separating tar from the gas produced by the gasifier, and using said tar to pelletise fuel being fed to the gasifier.
2. A method as claimed in Claim 1 comprising separ-ating finer grades of fuel from coarser grades, using said tar to pelletise said finer grades, and feeding the pelletised finer grades together with the coarser grades to the gasifier.
3. A method as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2 wherein said granular fuel comprises bituminous coal.
4. An apparatus for producing gas from granular fuel comprising a gasifier, a tar separator connected to the output of said gasifier and a fuel pelletiser connected to utilise tar from said separator, the output of said pelletiser being connected to said gasifier. `
5. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 4 comprising means for separating finer grades of granular fuel from said coarser grades, means for feeding said finer grades to said pelletiser and means for feeding said coarser grades to said gasifier without passing through said pelletiser.
6. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 5 wherein said separating means comprises a tensionable screen.
7. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 4, 5 or 6 wherein said pelletising means comprises at least one pelletising plate.
8. A process for the utilization of tar in the gasif-ication under pressure of granular bituminous coal comprising, (a) pelletising under ambient temperature conditions fine graded dust-like portions of bituminous coal with tar serving as a binder, (b) feeding pellets in green condition directly to a pressure generator for producing gas by reaction with the coal, (c) separating tar obtained from said pellets and issuing from the reaction zone of the generator and employing same in the pelletising step, and (d) utilising the pellets in green condition as the transporting vehicle for tar constituents through the pressure generator.
9. A process as claimed in Claim 8, comprising grading granular bituminous coal into fine coal of the order of size 0-3 mm and coarse coal of the order of size 3-30 mm, feeding the coarse coal directly to the pressure generator free of the said fine coal, and feeding the fine coal to a pelletiser to form pellets of normal temperature.
CA260,250A 1975-09-09 1976-08-31 Process and plant for the utilisation of tar in gasification of granular fuel under pressure, especially of bituminous coal Expired CA1073209A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2540165A DE2540165B2 (en) 1975-09-09 1975-09-09 Processing process for obtaining a fuel from coal that is used to operate a pressurized gasifier

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA1073209A true CA1073209A (en) 1980-03-11

Family

ID=5955998

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA260,250A Expired CA1073209A (en) 1975-09-09 1976-08-31 Process and plant for the utilisation of tar in gasification of granular fuel under pressure, especially of bituminous coal

Country Status (6)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5232903A (en)
CA (1) CA1073209A (en)
DE (1) DE2540165B2 (en)
GB (1) GB1551282A (en)
PL (1) PL104342B1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA765248B (en)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU517950B2 (en) * 1977-11-30 1981-09-03 Fmc Corp Controlling coal dust and manufacturing fuel therefrom
DE2810125C2 (en) * 1978-03-09 1982-07-15 Steag Ag, 4300 Essen Process and system for the production of a lumpy fuel for pressurized coal gasification in a fixed bed reactor
DE2843434C2 (en) * 1978-10-05 1982-08-19 Steag Ag, 4300 Essen Device for producing coal pellets for a pressure gasifier
DE2847416A1 (en) * 1978-11-02 1980-05-14 Metallgesellschaft Ag METHOD FOR GASIFYING FINE GRAIN FUELS
DE2851370A1 (en) * 1978-11-28 1980-06-04 Metallgesellschaft Ag METHOD FOR GASIFYING GRAINY SOLID FUELS
US4239500A (en) * 1979-03-14 1980-12-16 Steag A.G. Process for the utilization of waste product tar-dust in gasification of granular fuel under pressure, especially of bituminous coal
DE2917563C2 (en) * 1979-04-30 1982-12-30 Electric Power Development Co., Ltd., Tokyo Process for producing dry pellets from lignite by wet pelleting
DE3108213A1 (en) * 1981-03-05 1982-09-16 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt METHOD AND REACTOR FOR GASIFYING SOLID FUELS
DE3626535C1 (en) * 1986-08-06 1988-02-11 Deilmann Ag C Process for the thermal treatment of water-containing oil sludges or the like

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL104342B1 (en) 1979-08-31
DE2540165B2 (en) 1979-01-11
ZA765248B (en) 1977-08-31
GB1551282A (en) 1979-08-30
JPS5232903A (en) 1977-03-12
DE2540165A1 (en) 1977-03-10

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