CA1088024A - Ultrafiltration and electrodialysis method and apparatus - Google Patents
Ultrafiltration and electrodialysis method and apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- CA1088024A CA1088024A CA284,689A CA284689A CA1088024A CA 1088024 A CA1088024 A CA 1088024A CA 284689 A CA284689 A CA 284689A CA 1088024 A CA1088024 A CA 1088024A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- membranes
- ion
- ultrafiltration
- membrane
- set forth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract 34
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract 86
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 21
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 8
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 24
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims 9
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000005862 Whey Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 102000007544 Whey Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 108010046377 Whey Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013351 cheese Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000008504 concentrate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Landscapes
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A combination electrodialysis method and apparatus comprising ultrafiltration membrane cell pairs interposed between a cation-selective membrane and an ion-nonselective membrane. The solution to be treated is fed to one side of the ultrafiltration membrane cell, a concentrating solution is delivered between the cation-selective and ion-nonselective membranes, and an electric field is applied across the assembly.
Cations pass through the ion-selective membranes, ions of both polarities and weakly ionized substances pass through the ultrafiltration membrane which rejects the larger sized particles and molecules and anions pass through the ion-selective membrane to maintain electrical balance.
A combination electrodialysis method and apparatus comprising ultrafiltration membrane cell pairs interposed between a cation-selective membrane and an ion-nonselective membrane. The solution to be treated is fed to one side of the ultrafiltration membrane cell, a concentrating solution is delivered between the cation-selective and ion-nonselective membranes, and an electric field is applied across the assembly.
Cations pass through the ion-selective membranes, ions of both polarities and weakly ionized substances pass through the ultrafiltration membrane which rejects the larger sized particles and molecules and anions pass through the ion-selective membrane to maintain electrical balance.
Claims (27)
1. The combination of:
an enclosure, membrane support means disposed within said enclosure, a plurality of membranes supported in spaced relation by said membrane support means to form a plurality of permeation cells within said enclosure, electrode means disposed in spaced relation relative to the sides of said membranes, for supplying an electric field thereacross, a first one of said membranes being selective to ions having one charge and a second one of said membranes being ion-nonselective for passing ions of either charge, and a filtration membrane disposed between said first and second ones of said membranes to define at least one filtration cell therebetween with one side of said first one of said membranes and a permeate collecting cell with one side of the second one of said membranes, means for delivering fluid under pressure to at least one filtration cell.
an enclosure, membrane support means disposed within said enclosure, a plurality of membranes supported in spaced relation by said membrane support means to form a plurality of permeation cells within said enclosure, electrode means disposed in spaced relation relative to the sides of said membranes, for supplying an electric field thereacross, a first one of said membranes being selective to ions having one charge and a second one of said membranes being ion-nonselective for passing ions of either charge, and a filtration membrane disposed between said first and second ones of said membranes to define at least one filtration cell therebetween with one side of said first one of said membranes and a permeate collecting cell with one side of the second one of said membranes, means for delivering fluid under pressure to at least one filtration cell.
2. The invention set forth in claim 1 wherein the first one of said membranes is cation selective and said ion-nonselective membrane passes both cations and anions.
3. The combination set forth in claim 2 wherein a fourth membrane which is ion-nonselective is disposed adjacent the other side of said first one of said membranes to define a first ion concentration cell and a fifth membrane which is selective to ions having said one charge is disposed adjacent the other side of the second one of said membranes to define a second ion concentration cell.
4. The combination set forth in claim 3 wherein said filtration membrane is selective of particles in the ultra-filtration range.
5. The combination set forth in claim 4 wherein said membranes are arranged such that said ultrafiltration membrane is arranged between pairs of membranes with each membrane pair consisting of a cation selective membrane and an ion-non-selective membrane with a different membrane type of each pair being immediately adjacent said ultrafiltration membrane to define at least one ultrafiltration cell, a permeate cell and two ion concentration cells.
6. The invention set forth in claim 5 wherein said ultrafiltration cell includes an inlet and an outlet and including means, for adjusting the fluid pressure within said ultrafiltration cell and means for recirculating at least a portion of the fluid leaving the outlet of said ultra-filtration cells to the inlet thereof.
7. The invention set forth in claim 6 further including means for selectively removing ultrafiltration con-centrate from said recirculating means and for selectively introducing unconcentrated fluid to said ultrafiltration cell.
8. The invention set forth in claim 7 wherein said ultrafiltration membrane comprises an anisotropic, microporous formal membrane.
9. The invention set forth in claim 7 wherein each of said cells includes fluid inlet and outlet means, and including means for circulating fluid into and out of each of said cells.
10. The invention set forth in claim 8 wherein said ultrafiltration membranes comprise an anisotropic, microporous, polyvinyl formal membrane.
11. A filtration apparatus comprising:
(a) a fluid enclosure including 3N+1 membranes supported in parallel spaced relation therein between opposite end walls thereof, N being a number between 1 and 10, the first, fourth and every third one thereafter of said membranes being selective to ions of a first charge, the second and every third one thereafter of said membranes being ion-nonselective membranes, and the third and every third one thereafter of said membranes being ultrafiltration membranes whereby a plurality of cells are defined within said enclosure comprising:
(i) ultrafiltration cells between adjacent ultrafiltration membranes and membranes selective to ions of a first charge, (ii) permeate cells between adjacent ultra-filtration membranes and ion-nonselective membranes, (iii) ion collection cells between adjacent ion selective and ion-nonselective membranes, and (iv) two cells defined by said end walls and the first membrane and last one of said ion-non-selective membranes;
(b) electrode means in said last named cells for supplying an electric field across the remainder of said cells, and (c) means for introducing fluid to be concentrated and deionized into each ultrafiltration cell within said enclosure.
(a) a fluid enclosure including 3N+1 membranes supported in parallel spaced relation therein between opposite end walls thereof, N being a number between 1 and 10, the first, fourth and every third one thereafter of said membranes being selective to ions of a first charge, the second and every third one thereafter of said membranes being ion-nonselective membranes, and the third and every third one thereafter of said membranes being ultrafiltration membranes whereby a plurality of cells are defined within said enclosure comprising:
(i) ultrafiltration cells between adjacent ultrafiltration membranes and membranes selective to ions of a first charge, (ii) permeate cells between adjacent ultra-filtration membranes and ion-nonselective membranes, (iii) ion collection cells between adjacent ion selective and ion-nonselective membranes, and (iv) two cells defined by said end walls and the first membrane and last one of said ion-non-selective membranes;
(b) electrode means in said last named cells for supplying an electric field across the remainder of said cells, and (c) means for introducing fluid to be concentrated and deionized into each ultrafiltration cell within said enclosure.
12. The invention set forth in claim 11 further including circulating means for continuously introducing and removing fluid from said ultrafiltration cells, said circulating means including means for regulating the fluid pressure within said cells and means for selectively discharging fluid leaving said cells from said apparatus and introducing additional fluid to be deionized and concentrated to said ultrafiltration cells.
13. The invention set forth in claim 12 including means for independently circulating fluids through each of said permeate, ion collection and end cells.
14. The invention set forth in claim 13 wherein said ultrafiltration membranes are anisotropic, microporous, polyvinyl formal membranes.
15. A filtration process comprising:
providing a filtration system including at least one ultrafiltration cell pair which is defined by an ultrafiltration membrane disposed between a pair of ion permeable membranes, a first one of which is cation selective and the other of which is at least cation and anion permeable, applying an electric field across said cell pair, the cathode being arranged on the side of said housing said first ion-permeable membrane, and injecting a fluid to be simultaneously ultrafiltered and deionized under pressure into a first cell of said cell pair formed by said ultrafiltration membrane and one of said ion permeable membranes, whereby ionic constituents of said fluid are drawn out of said cell pair toward one direction relative to said field and whereby permeate is forced through said ultrafiltration membrane into the second cell of said cell pair.
providing a filtration system including at least one ultrafiltration cell pair which is defined by an ultrafiltration membrane disposed between a pair of ion permeable membranes, a first one of which is cation selective and the other of which is at least cation and anion permeable, applying an electric field across said cell pair, the cathode being arranged on the side of said housing said first ion-permeable membrane, and injecting a fluid to be simultaneously ultrafiltered and deionized under pressure into a first cell of said cell pair formed by said ultrafiltration membrane and one of said ion permeable membranes, whereby ionic constituents of said fluid are drawn out of said cell pair toward one direction relative to said field and whereby permeate is forced through said ultrafiltration membrane into the second cell of said cell pair.
16. The invention set forth in claim 15 wherein said filtration system includes a plurality of cell pairs and wherein said fluid is simultaneously injected into a first one of the cells of each of said cell pairs.
17. The invention set forth in claim 16 wherein said ion-permeable membranes are substantially impermeable to the fluid injected into said first one of said cells of said cell pairs and injecting fluid within said enclosure on the sides of said ion selective membranes opposite said ultrafiltration membranes.
18. The invention set forth in claim 17 and removing concentrated fluid from said first one of said cells of said cell pair after ultrafiltration and deionization thereof and recirculating at least a part of said removed fluid back into said first cells.
19. The invention set forth in claim 18 further including the steps of removing a portion of the concentrated and deionized fluid from the filtration system and simultaneously adding fresh fluid to be ultrafiltered and deionized to maintain the liquid volume in the system substantially constant.
20. The invention set forth in claim 16 wherein said ultrafiltration membranes include anisotropic, microporous, polyvinyl formal membranes.
21. The invention set forth in claim 16 wherein said fluid is cheese whey.
22. The combination of:
a plurality of membranes, an enclosure including means for supporting said membranes in spaced relation within said enclosure, electrode means in spaced relation on opposite sides of said membranes for providing an electric field there-across, at least one of said membranes being selective to ions having one polarity and at least a second one of said membranes being ion-permeable and ion-nonselective, an ultrafiltration membrane disposed adjacent at least one of said ion selective membranes, and pressure means for delivering the fluid to be treated to the gap between at least two of said membranes.
a plurality of membranes, an enclosure including means for supporting said membranes in spaced relation within said enclosure, electrode means in spaced relation on opposite sides of said membranes for providing an electric field there-across, at least one of said membranes being selective to ions having one polarity and at least a second one of said membranes being ion-permeable and ion-nonselective, an ultrafiltration membrane disposed adjacent at least one of said ion selective membranes, and pressure means for delivering the fluid to be treated to the gap between at least two of said membranes.
23. The combination set forth in claim 22 and including feed liquid circulating means coupled to said enclosure at spaced apart points between said membranes.
24. The combination set forth in claim 22 wherein said ultrafiltration membrane is disposed between said ion selective membrane and an ion-nonselective membrane.
25. The combination set forth in claim 22 wherein a first group of said membranes are selective to ions having one polarity and a second group of said membranes are ion-nonselective and a third group of said membranes are ultra-filtration membranes, the membranes of said first and second groups of membranes being disposed in alternating spaced apart relation, the ultrafiltration membranes being disposed between at least some of the membranes of said first and second groups.
26. The combination set forth in claim 25 wherein said membranes are generally planar and disposed in a generally parallel relation.
27. The combination set forth in claim 26 wherein one of the membranes of said first group is disposed adjacent one end of said enclosure and one of the membranes of said second group being disposed adjacent the other end of said enclosure, and means comprising a pair of electrodes, one of said electrodes being disposed adjacent each end of said enclosure.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA284,689A CA1088024A (en) | 1977-08-15 | 1977-08-15 | Ultrafiltration and electrodialysis method and apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA284,689A CA1088024A (en) | 1977-08-15 | 1977-08-15 | Ultrafiltration and electrodialysis method and apparatus |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1088024A true CA1088024A (en) | 1980-10-21 |
Family
ID=4109323
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA284,689A Expired CA1088024A (en) | 1977-08-15 | 1977-08-15 | Ultrafiltration and electrodialysis method and apparatus |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1088024A (en) |
-
1977
- 1977-08-15 CA CA284,689A patent/CA1088024A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |