CA1091936A - Extraction du fer en solution - Google Patents

Extraction du fer en solution

Info

Publication number: CA1091936A
Authority: CA; Canada
Prior art keywords: iron; aqueous solution; organic; aluminum fluoride; process according
Prior art date: 1976-05-11
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Expired

Application number

CA268,615A

Other languages

English (en)

Inventor

David J. Miller

Tadeusz K. Wiewiorowski

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Freeport Minerals Co

Original Assignee

Freeport Minerals Co

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1976-05-11

Filing date

1976-12-23

Publication date

1980-12-23

1976-12-23 Application filed by Freeport Minerals Co filed Critical Freeport Minerals Co

1980-12-23 Application granted granted Critical

1980-12-23 Publication of CA1091936A publication Critical patent/CA1091936A/fr

Status Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 272
229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 86
IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 85
238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 78
238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
TXBSWQWDLFJQMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(chloromethyl)-1,2-diethoxybenzene Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=C(CCl)C=C1OCC TXBSWQWDLFJQMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
ASMQGLCHMVWBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diphenyl phosphate Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(=O)(O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ASMQGLCHMVWBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
239000003701 inert diluent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 claims description 17
PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 10
238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 8
239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 8
239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 2
125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 25
239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
229910003638 H2SiF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
ZEFWRWWINDLIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluorosilane;dihydrofluoride Chemical compound F.F.F[Si](F)(F)F ZEFWRWWINDLIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
ABTOQLMXBSRXSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon tetrafluoride Chemical compound F[Si](F)(F)F ABTOQLMXBSRXSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 10
239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 10
229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 10
YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 9
239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 9
239000006286 aqueous extract Substances 0.000 description 8
238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 7
235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 7
229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 6
239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 4
150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 3
238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 3
239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCO ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
XFRVVPUIAFSTFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Tridecanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCO XFRVVPUIAFSTFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
239000012527 feed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
FLTRNWIFKITPIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Fe] FLTRNWIFKITPIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
-1 kerosene and heptane Chemical class 0.000 description 1
125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
CMPQUABWPXYYSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl phosphate Chemical class OP(O)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 CMPQUABWPXYYSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
VTDQBKLDBJKTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihydrate;hydrofluoride Chemical compound O.O.O.F VTDQBKLDBJKTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
KJIOQYGWTQBHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCO KJIOQYGWTQBHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
150000003738 xylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1

Classifications

- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
- C01G49/0009—Preparation involving a liquid-liquid extraction, an adsorption or an ion-exchange
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/48—Halides, with or without other cations besides aluminium
- C01F7/50—Fluorides
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
- C22B3/40—Mixtures
- C22B3/408—Mixtures using a mixture of phosphorus-based acid derivatives of different types
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
- C22B3/40—Mixtures
- C22B3/409—Mixtures at least one compound being an organo-metallic compound
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling

Landscapes

Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Organic Chemistry (AREA)
Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
Geology (AREA)
Materials Engineering (AREA)
Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
Metallurgy (AREA)
Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
Compounds Of Iron (AREA)
Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)

CA268,615A 1976-05-11 1976-12-23 Extraction du fer en solution Expired CA1091936A (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
US68532776A	1976-05-11	1976-05-11
US685,327		1976-05-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number	Publication Date
CA1091936A true CA1091936A (fr)	1980-12-23

Family

ID=24751707

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
CA268,615A Expired CA1091936A (fr)	1976-05-11	1976-12-23	Extraction du fer en solution

Country Status (5)

Country	Link
JP (1)	JPS5314194A (fr)
CA (1)	CA1091936A (fr)
DE (1)	DE2658842A1 (fr)
FR (1)	FR2351055A1 (fr)
GB (1)	GB1535664A (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
CN104164562A (zh) *	2014-08-19	2014-11-26	江西理工大学	一种从萃取剂中反萃除铁的方法
CN113321229A (zh) *	2021-07-05	2021-08-31	江西省科学院应用物理研究所	一种采用二次铝灰生产刚玉相氧化铝的工艺

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
DE2841271C3 (de) *	1978-09-22	1981-11-19	Th. Goldschmidt Ag, 4300 Essen	Verfahren zur Aufarbeitung von Buntmetallhydroxidschlammrückständen
LU81601A1 (fr) *	1979-08-13	1981-03-24	Metallurgie Hoboken	Procede pour separer le fer trivalent d'une solution aqueuse de chlorures
JPS5812323B2 (ja) *	1980-08-29	1983-03-08	株式会社西村渡辺抽出研究所	金属鉄の回収方法
JPS57111238A (en) *	1980-12-29	1982-07-10	Nishimura Watanabe Chiyuushiyutsu Kenkyusho:Kk	Recovery of aluminum oxide from fluoroaluminate
IN172477B (fr) *	1988-02-01	1993-08-21	Imc Fertilizer Inc
JPWO2024203328A1 (fr) *	2023-03-27	2024-10-03

1976
- 1976-12-23 CA CA268,615A patent/CA1091936A/fr not_active Expired
- 1976-12-24 DE DE19762658842 patent/DE2658842A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1976-12-28 JP JP16088776A patent/JPS5314194A/ja active Pending
1977
- 1977-03-11 GB GB10472/77A patent/GB1535664A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-05-09 FR FR7714081A patent/FR2351055A1/fr active Granted

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
CN104164562A (zh) *	2014-08-19	2014-11-26	江西理工大学	一种从萃取剂中反萃除铁的方法
CN113321229A (zh) *	2021-07-05	2021-08-31	江西省科学院应用物理研究所	一种采用二次铝灰生产刚玉相氧化铝的工艺

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
FR2351055A1 (fr)	1977-12-09
FR2351055B3 (fr)	1980-02-08
GB1535664A (en)	1978-12-13
DE2658842A1 (de)	1977-11-24
JPS5314194A (en)	1978-02-08

Legal Events

Date	Code	Title	Description
1997-12-23	MKEX	Expiry

Publication	Publication Date	Title
US4172879A (en)	1979-10-30	Ferric iron removal from aluminum fluoride solutions
Brown et al.	1979	Solvent extraction used in industrial separation of rare earths
US4110399A (en)	1978-08-29	Process for the extraction of alumina from aluminum-containing silicates
US4031184A (en)	1977-06-21	Process for reclaiming cement kiln dust and recovering chemical values therefrom
SU969670A1 (ru)	1982-10-30	Способ получени чистой окиси алюмини
US4222989A (en)	1980-09-16	Method for the manufacture of pure aluminum oxide from aluminum ore
US3104950A (en)	1963-09-24	Process for the separation of iron and titanium values by extraction and the subsequent preparation of anhydrous titanium dopxode
US2806766A (en)	1957-09-17	Process of purifying caustic aluminate liquors
US4150976A (en)	1979-04-24	Method for the recovery of metallic copper
US5023059A (en)	1991-06-11	Recovery of metal values and hydrofluoric acid from tantalum and columbium waste sludge
US3006719A (en)	1961-10-31	Solvent extraction process for separating hafnium from zirconium
CA1198290A (fr)	1985-12-24	Methode d'obtention de zinc electrolytique ou de sels de zinc de haute purete a partir de matieres premieres zinciques secondaires
CA1091936A (fr)	1980-12-23	Extraction du fer en solution
CA1303360C (fr)	1992-06-16	Procede hydrometallurgique pour la fabrication du beryllium
US3961030A (en)	1976-06-01	Production of alumina from ores
US4124680A (en)	1978-11-07	Method of obtaining pure alumina by acid attack on aluminous minerals containing other elements
US4548795A (en)	1985-10-22	Treatment of aluminous materials
CA1199473A (fr)	1986-01-21	Methode de preparation de chlorure d'aluminium anhydre a partir de cah obtenu par lessivage acide
CN114829303A (zh)	2022-07-29	用于从工业工艺流中回收有机盐的方法
US3966888A (en)	1976-06-29	Anhydrous magnesium chloride using ethylene glycol and ammonia
US3338674A (en)	1967-08-29	Process for preparation of substantially pure phosphoric acid
US3383166A (en)	1968-05-14	Process for producing iron-free aluminum nitrate solutions
US5102426A (en)	1992-04-07	Process for precipitating alumina from bayer process liquor
US2446868A (en)	1948-08-10	Process for purifying aqueous alkali metal hydroxides
US4248838A (en)	1981-02-03	Preparation of useful MgCl2. solution with subsequent recovery of KCl from carnallite

CA1091936A - Extraction du fer en solution - Google Patents

Info

Links

Classifications

Landscapes

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=24751707

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Cited By (2)

Families Citing this family (6)

Cited By (2)

Also Published As

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Legal Events