CA1142465A - Production de bieres a l'aide d'enzymes immobilises - Google Patents

Production de bieres a l'aide d'enzymes immobilises

Info

Publication number: CA1142465A
Authority: CA; Canada
Prior art keywords: beer; enzyme; superattenuated; glycosidase; glucoamylase
Prior art date: 1980-01-29
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Expired

Application number

CA000363467A

Other languages

English (en)

Inventor

George R. Duncombe

Etzer Chicoye

Wiliam F. Line

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Miller Brewing Co

Original Assignee

Miller Brewing Co

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1980-01-29

Filing date

1980-10-29

Publication date

1983-03-08

1980-10-29 Application filed by Miller Brewing Co filed Critical Miller Brewing Co

1983-03-08 Application granted granted Critical

1983-03-08 Publication of CA1142465A publication Critical patent/CA1142465A/fr

Status Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

235000013405 beer Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 142
108010093096 Immobilized Enzymes Proteins 0.000 title description 8
238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 8
102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 86
108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 86
108010073178 Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 55
102100022624 Glucoamylase Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 55
238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
108010031186 Glycoside Hydrolases Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 9
102000005744 Glycoside Hydrolases Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 9
238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 44
230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 41
239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 22
230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 13
239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 10
102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 claims description 9
108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
210000005253 yeast cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
230000002844 continuous effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 1
102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 abstract description 11
108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 abstract description 11
125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 9
238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 8
102000003886 Glycoproteins Human genes 0.000 abstract description 5
108090000288 Glycoproteins Proteins 0.000 abstract description 5
230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
239000002198 insoluble material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
125000000625 hexosyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 80
LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 18
239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 14
150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 13
235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 12
235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 12
239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 12
235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 10
LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
KHIWWQKSHDUIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N periodic acid Chemical compound OI(=O)(=O)=O KHIWWQKSHDUIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 8
238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 8
239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 8
239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 7
229960005188 collagen Drugs 0.000 description 7
235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 7
FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 6
230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 6
239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
229920000936 Agarose Polymers 0.000 description 5
-1 Aminohexyl Chemical group 0.000 description 5
GXCLVBGFBYZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-N-methylprop-2-en-1-amine Chemical compound CN(CCC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)CC=C GXCLVBGFBYZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 5
235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 description 5
230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 5
150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 5
CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 4
239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 4
229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 4
230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 4
239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
150000002402 hexoses Chemical group 0.000 description 4
239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 4
229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 100676-05-9 Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(O)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N Maltose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N 0.000 description 3
108090000284 Pepsin A Proteins 0.000 description 3
102000057297 Pepsin A Human genes 0.000 description 3
239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 3
HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
239000008351 acetate buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
238000013124 brewing process Methods 0.000 description 3
229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
239000005289 controlled pore glass Substances 0.000 description 3
ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
229910000396 dipotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
235000019797 dipotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 3
230000003100 immobilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
238000005360 mashing Methods 0.000 description 3
AXNCVDQWNPJQOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-triethoxysilylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCN[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC AXNCVDQWNPJQOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
229940111202 pepsin Drugs 0.000 description 3
239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 3
239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 3
125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 3
238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 3
239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-tyrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 2
CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
229940077731 carbohydrate nutrients Drugs 0.000 description 2
239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 2
238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
ATDGTVJJHBUTRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanogen bromide Chemical compound BrC#N ATDGTVJJHBUTRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
238000011026 diafiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 description 2
235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
DBTMGCOVALSLOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 32-alpha-galactosyl-3-alpha-galactosyl-galactose Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(O)C(OC2C(C(CO)OC(O)C2O)O)OC(CO)C1O DBTMGCOVALSLOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
108091005508 Acid proteases Proteins 0.000 description 1
108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 1
102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 1
241000228245 Aspergillus niger Species 0.000 description 1
108010004032 Bromelains Proteins 0.000 description 1
RXVWSYJTUUKTEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-maltotriose Natural products OC1C(O)C(OC(C(O)CO)C(O)C(O)C=O)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 RXVWSYJTUUKTEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
235000008694 Humulus lupulus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 1
108090000526 Papain Proteins 0.000 description 1
108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
108091006629 SLC13A2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
241000582914 Saccharomyces uvarum Species 0.000 description 1
229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 1
150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
150000001299 aldehydes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
150000004705 aldimines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
108090000637 alpha-Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 1
125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
229940025131 amylases Drugs 0.000 description 1
239000012062 aqueous buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
235000003704 aspartic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
150000001510 aspartic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
108010019077 beta-Amylase Proteins 0.000 description 1
WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N beta-maltose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N 0.000 description 1
235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
238000006664 bond formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
235000019835 bromelain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
108010089934 carbohydrase Proteins 0.000 description 1
239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
150000002307 glutamic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
150000002338 glycosides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N histidine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
235000021577 malt beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N mannotriose Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(CO)OC(OC2C(OC(O)C(O)C2O)CO)C(O)C1O FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
229940055729 papain Drugs 0.000 description 1
235000019834 papain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
235000004252 protein component Nutrition 0.000 description 1
230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
239000012465 retentate Substances 0.000 description 1
239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical class [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000004458 spent grain Substances 0.000 description 1
239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
239000012258 stirred mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tyrosine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-BYLHFPJWSA-N β-1,4-galactotrioside Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](CO)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H](O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-BYLHFPJWSA-N 0.000 description 1

Landscapes

Immobilizing And Processing Of Enzymes And Microorganisms (AREA)

CA000363467A 1980-01-29 1980-10-29 Production de bieres a l'aide d'enzymes immobilises Expired CA1142465A (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
US11637780A	1980-01-29	1980-01-29
US116,377		1980-01-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number	Publication Date
CA1142465A true CA1142465A (fr)	1983-03-08

Family

ID=22366818

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
CA000363467A Expired CA1142465A (fr)	1980-01-29	1980-10-29	Production de bieres a l'aide d'enzymes immobilises

Country Status (1)

Country	Link
CA (1)	CA1142465A (fr)

1980
- 1980-10-29 CA CA000363467A patent/CA1142465A/fr not_active Expired

Legal Events

Date	Code	Title	Description
2000-03-08	MKEX	Expiry

Publication	Publication Date	Title
US5472861A (en)	1995-12-05	Method for preparing immobilized enzyme conjugates and immobilized enzyme conjugates prepared thereby
US4430348A (en)	1984-02-07	Immobilized glucoamylase reactor for preparing a low calorie beer
Klibanov	1983	Immobilized enzymes and cells as practical catalysts
James et al.	1997	Glucoamylases: microbial sources, industrial applications and molecular biology—a review
EP0216272B1 (fr)	1993-05-26	Immobilisation de biocatalyseurs sur de la terre de diatomées granuleuse
Kilara et al.	1979	The use of immobilized enzymes in the food industry: a review
US4666718A (en)	1987-05-19	Preparation of low calorie beer
JP3604715B2 (ja)	2004-12-22	酒類の製造法
US4459312A (en)	1984-07-10	Enzymes bonded to living yeast cells
JPS60237983A (ja)	1985-11-26	低カロリーアルコール飲料の製造方法
EP0424794B1 (fr)	1995-02-15	Procédé pour la production d'une boisson non alcoolisée à base de malt
CA1142465A (fr)	1983-03-08	Production de bieres a l'aide d'enzymes immobilises
Nedović et al.	2005	Beer production using immobilised cells
CN100560708C (zh)	2009-11-18	连续和分批组合性发酵工艺
Reilly	2019	Potential and use of immobilized carbohydrases
Park et al.	1991	α‐Amylase Fermentation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in an Aqueous Two‐Phase System
US5356808A (en)	1994-10-18	Highly fermentable, high maltose, non-crystallizing starch conversion syrup
Furegon et al.	1997	Immobilization of rice limit dextrinase on γ-alumina beads and its possible use in starch processing
EP0110574B1 (fr)	1988-07-13	Procédé pour la préparation d'hydrolysats d'amidon à haute teneur en dextrose avec de la glucoamylase immobilisée
Bayramoglu et al.	1992	Immobilization of α-amylase into photographic gelatin by chemical cross-linking
Linko et al.	1982	Continuous ethanol fermentation by immobilized biocatalysts
EP0956334B1 (fr)	2003-11-26	Production d'un produit de fermentation
Willaert	2000	Beer production using immobilized cell technology
Xiao et al.	1990	Simultaneous saccharification and isomerization by immobilized glucoamylase and glucose isomerase
Divies	1989	On the utilisation of entrapped microorganisms in the industry of fermented beverages