CA1210387A - .beta.-LACTAM ANTIBIOTIQUE - Google Patents
.beta.-LACTAM ANTIBIOTIQUEInfo
- Publication number
- CA1210387A CA1210387A CA000438962A CA438962A CA1210387A CA 1210387 A CA1210387 A CA 1210387A CA 000438962 A CA000438962 A CA 000438962A CA 438962 A CA438962 A CA 438962A CA 1210387 A CA1210387 A CA 1210387A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- salt
- isomer
- penicillin
- carboxy
- isomerically enriched
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000003782 beta lactam antibiotic agent Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 150000002960 penicillins Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000001541 3-thienyl group Chemical group S1C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229930182555 Penicillin Natural products 0.000 claims description 21
- 229940049954 penicillin Drugs 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical class [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)phenyl]-4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide Chemical class C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=2OC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C=C1 SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- LKHYFCSSVZVVNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl hexanoate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCC(=O)OCC LKHYFCSSVZVVNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- OHKOGUYZJXTSFX-KZFFXBSXSA-N ticarcillin Chemical compound C=1([C@@H](C(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@H]3SC([C@@H](N3C2=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C=CSC=1 OHKOGUYZJXTSFX-KZFFXBSXSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229960004659 ticarcillin Drugs 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N Penicillin G Chemical compound N([C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000786363 Rhampholeon spectrum Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 5
- QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Disodium Chemical class [Na][Na] QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940123930 Lactamase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 3
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical group C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OGYGFUAIIOPWQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-thiazolidine Chemical group C1CSCN1 OGYGFUAIIOPWQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000035143 Bacterial infection Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 208000022362 bacterial infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007911 parenteral administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical class [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- -1 triethylamine Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SHCFCJUJGBRSPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-cyclohexylcyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C1(N)CCCCC1 SHCFCJUJGBRSPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- IYTJRMRETHPZAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4-dibenzylpiperidine Chemical compound C1CNCCC1(CC=1C=CC=CC=1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 IYTJRMRETHPZAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBQYNPHHHJTCJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alline Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3(O)CCN(C)C3NC2=C1 CBQYNPHHHJTCJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBBZMMPHUWSWHV-BDVNFPICSA-N N-methylglucamine Chemical compound CNC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO MBBZMMPHUWSWHV-BDVNFPICSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000588769 Proteus <enterobacteria> Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000022274 Proteus Infections Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000011501 Proteus infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000032536 Pseudomonas Infections Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010057190 Respiratory tract infections Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVVXZOOGOGPDRZ-SLFFLAALSA-N [(1R,4aS,10aR)-1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydrophenanthren-1-yl]methanamine Chemical compound NC[C@]1(C)CCC[C@]2(C)C3=CC=C(C(C)C)C=C3CC[C@H]21 JVVXZOOGOGPDRZ-SLFFLAALSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003708 ampul Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003444 anaesthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HOPRXXXSABQWAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous collidine Natural products CC1=CC=NC(C)=C1C HOPRXXXSABQWAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006172 buffering agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- UTBIMNXEDGNJFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N collidine Natural products CC1=CC=C(C)C(C)=N1 UTBIMNXEDGNJFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003193 general anesthetic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000004396 mastitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003182 parenteral nutrition solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MFDFERRIHVXMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N procaine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 MFDFERRIHVXMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004919 procaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000069 prophylactic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002345 respiratory system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000020029 respiratory tract infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPDUQYOLCLEGS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O VYPDUQYOLCLEGS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- GFYHSKONPJXCDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N sym-collidine Natural products CC1=CN=C(C)C(C)=C1 GFYHSKONPJXCDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000019206 urinary tract infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008215 water for injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D499/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 4-thia-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula:, e.g. penicillins, penems; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulfur-containing hetero ring
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Cephalosporin Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US43470482A | 1982-10-15 | 1982-10-15 | |
| US490,441 | 1983-05-02 | ||
| US06/490,441 US4598074A (en) | 1982-10-15 | 1983-05-02 | β-lactam antibiotics |
| US434,704 | 1989-11-09 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1210387A true CA1210387A (fr) | 1986-08-26 |
Family
ID=27030287
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000438962A Expired CA1210387A (fr) | 1982-10-15 | 1983-10-13 | .beta.-LACTAM ANTIBIOTIQUE |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4598074A (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2014283A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA1210387A (fr) |
| GB (1) | GB2129429B (fr) |
| NZ (1) | NZ205961A (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050245498A1 (en) * | 2002-05-14 | 2005-11-03 | Shoichet Brian K | Sterically-awkward beta-lactamase inhibitors |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1004670A (en) * | 1963-04-23 | 1965-09-15 | Beecham Res Lab | Penicillins |
| GB1197973A (en) * | 1967-04-18 | 1970-07-08 | Beecham Group Ltd | Penicillins |
| GB1312891A (en) * | 1971-02-17 | 1973-04-11 | Beecham Group Ltd | Composition containing penicillin salts |
| US4171303A (en) * | 1974-07-30 | 1979-10-16 | Chinoin Gyogyszer Es Vegyeszeti Termekek Gyara Rt. | Process for the preparation of reactive penicillanic acid and cephalosporanic acid derivatives |
| FR2312500A1 (fr) * | 1975-04-08 | 1976-12-24 | Rit Rech Ind Therapeut | Nouveau procede de preparation de derives de penicilline et de cephalosporine |
| GB1578730A (en) * | 1976-06-24 | 1980-11-05 | Beecham Group Ltd | Esters of penicillin antibiotics |
-
1983
- 1983-05-02 US US06/490,441 patent/US4598074A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1983-10-12 GB GB08327287A patent/GB2129429B/en not_active Expired
- 1983-10-13 NZ NZ205961A patent/NZ205961A/en unknown
- 1983-10-13 CA CA000438962A patent/CA1210387A/fr not_active Expired
- 1983-10-13 AU AU20142/83A patent/AU2014283A/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8327287D0 (en) | 1983-11-16 |
| NZ205961A (en) | 1987-03-06 |
| GB2129429A (en) | 1984-05-16 |
| AU2014283A (en) | 1984-04-19 |
| GB2129429B (en) | 1987-05-13 |
| US4598074A (en) | 1986-07-01 |
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