CA1234662A - Fibre de polyacrylonitrile a coefficient de tenacite et module d'elasticite eleves, et sa fabrication - Google Patents

Fibre de polyacrylonitrile a coefficient de tenacite et module d'elasticite eleves, et sa fabrication

Info

Publication number: CA1234662A
Authority: CA; Canada
Prior art keywords: solvent; temperature; fiber; gel; fibers
Prior art date: 1983-12-05
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Expired

Application number

CA000469250A

Other languages

English (en)

Inventor

Young D. Kwon

Dusan C. Prevorsek

Sheldon Kavesh

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Honeywell International Inc

Original Assignee

Allied Corp

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1983-12-05

Filing date

1984-12-04

Publication date

1988-04-05

Family has litigation

First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=24227674&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=CA1234662(A) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

1984-12-04 Application filed by Allied Corp filed Critical Allied Corp

1988-04-05 Application granted granted Critical

1988-04-05 Publication of CA1234662A publication Critical patent/CA1234662A/fr

Status Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 23
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 18
239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 36
229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 29
239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 26
IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 16
229960001760 dimethyl sulfoxide Drugs 0.000 description 11
229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 8
238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 7
NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 6
208000012886 Vertigo Diseases 0.000 description 4
229920006240 drawn fiber Polymers 0.000 description 4
238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 description 4
238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 4
238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
XINQFOMFQFGGCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L (2-dodecoxy-2-oxoethyl)-[6-[(2-dodecoxy-2-oxoethyl)-dimethylazaniumyl]hexyl]-dimethylazanium;dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C[N+](C)(C)CCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCC XINQFOMFQFGGCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
238000002166 wet spinning Methods 0.000 description 3
DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
101100165177 Caenorhabditis elegans bath-15 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 2
238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 2
239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
238000000578 dry spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
238000001891 gel spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 2
239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
-1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium disulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
CSMWJXBSXGUPGY-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium dithionate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O CSMWJXBSXGUPGY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
235000010262 sodium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium thiocyanate Chemical compound [Na+].[S-]C#N VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical group [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 1
235000005612 Grewia tenax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
244000041633 Grewia tenax Species 0.000 description 1
241001274658 Modulus modulus Species 0.000 description 1
SUAKHGWARZSWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N‐diethylformamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C=O SUAKHGWARZSWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[1-oxo-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propan-2-yl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(C(C)NC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910004879 Na2S2O5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
235000019628 coolness Nutrition 0.000 description 1
230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
229920006158 high molecular weight polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
GBMDVOWEEQVZKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC GBMDVOWEEQVZKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
238000012667 polymer degradation Methods 0.000 description 1
238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
229940001584 sodium metabisulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
GQQLDKVANIDMSO-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium thiocyanate hydrate Chemical compound O.[S-]C#N.[Na+] GQQLDKVANIDMSO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
239000011240 wet gel Substances 0.000 description 1

Classifications

- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/28—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D01F6/38—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds comprising unsaturated nitriles as the major constituent
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D01F6/18—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polymers of unsaturated nitriles, e.g. polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene cyanide

Landscapes

Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Textile Engineering (AREA)
Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
Toxicology (AREA)
Artificial Filaments (AREA)
Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)

CA000469250A 1983-12-05 1984-12-04 Fibre de polyacrylonitrile a coefficient de tenacite et module d'elasticite eleves, et sa fabrication Expired CA1234662A (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
US55798483A	1983-12-05	1983-12-05
US557,984		1983-12-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number	Publication Date
CA1234662A true CA1234662A (fr)	1988-04-05

Family

ID=24227674

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
CA000469250A Expired CA1234662A (fr)	1983-12-05	1984-12-04	Fibre de polyacrylonitrile a coefficient de tenacite et module d'elasticite eleves, et sa fabrication

Country Status (4)

Country	Link
EP (1)	EP0144793B1 (fr)
JP (1)	JPH064923B2 (fr)
CA (1)	CA1234662A (fr)
DE (1)	DE3474573D1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
CN112899807A (zh) *	2021-01-21	2021-06-04	中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所	高强、高模、高韧性聚丙烯腈纤维及其制备方法

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
JPS6228407A (ja) *	1985-07-25	1987-02-06	Kuraray Co Ltd	高強度高弾性率繊維の製造方法
JPS62299510A (ja) *	1986-06-19	1987-12-26	Japan Exlan Co Ltd	高物性アクリル繊維及びその製造法
JPS62141110A (ja) *	1985-12-11	1987-06-24	Canon Inc	ゲル繊維の製造方法
GB2279607A (en) *	1993-06-21	1995-01-11	Shell Int Research	Manufacture of elastic articles from poly monovinylaromatic conjugated diene block copolymers
DE102009019120A1 (de) *	2009-04-29	2010-11-04	Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff-Forschung e.V.	Formkörper aus Polyacrylnitril und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
CN109440214B (zh) *	2018-11-09	2021-07-30	中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所	一种碳纤维前驱体纤维的制备方法及碳纤维前驱体纤维的应用

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US2404713A (en)	1943-06-23	1946-07-23	Du Pont	Method for preparing polymeric solutions
BE511436A (fr)	1950-10-19
GB888496A (en)	1958-12-29	1962-01-31	Chemstrand Corp	Spinning of acrylonitrile polymers
US3080210A (en)	1961-12-01	1963-03-05	Monsanto Chemicals	Spinning of acrylonitrile polymers
NL142204B (nl) *	1965-02-01	1974-05-15	Tno	Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van kunstmatige draden uit warmtegevoelige polymeren en aldus verkregen draden.
US3523150A (en)	1966-12-12	1970-08-04	Monsanto Co	Manufacture of industrial acrylic fibers
US3558761A (en)	1968-03-27	1971-01-26	Mitsubishi Rayon Co	Method for manufacturing acrylonitrile filaments
GB1324041A (en)	1969-10-31	1973-07-18	Nippon Carbon Co Ltd	Method of producing carbon fibres
AT355303B (de)	1975-07-14	1980-02-25	Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved	Verfahren zur herstellung von geformten gebilden aus kristallinen polymeren und copolymeren von acrylnitril
FR2405275B1 (fr) *	1977-10-07	1985-09-27	Mobil Oil Corp	Pellicules d'acrylonitrile polymere et leur procede de preparation
NL177840C (nl)	1979-02-08	1989-10-16	Stamicarbon	Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een polyetheendraad.
NL177759B (nl) *	1979-06-27	1985-06-17	Stamicarbon	Werkwijze ter vervaardiging van een polyetheendraad, en de aldus verkregen polyetheendraad.
DE3027844A1 (de) *	1980-07-23	1982-02-18	Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt	Hochmodul-polyacrylnitrilfaeden und -fasern sowie verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
JPS59199809A (ja) *	1983-04-20	1984-11-13	Japan Exlan Co Ltd	高強力ポリアクリロニトリル系繊維及びその製造法
JPS6094613A (ja) *	1983-10-25	1985-05-27	Toyobo Co Ltd	高強度高弾性率繊維の製造方法

1984
- 1984-11-09 DE DE8484113512T patent/DE3474573D1/de not_active Expired
- 1984-11-09 EP EP84113512A patent/EP0144793B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1984-12-04 CA CA000469250A patent/CA1234662A/fr not_active Expired
- 1984-12-05 JP JP59257291A patent/JPH064923B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
CN112899807A (zh) *	2021-01-21	2021-06-04	中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所	高强、高模、高韧性聚丙烯腈纤维及其制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
EP0144793B1 (fr)	1988-10-12
EP0144793A3 (en)	1985-09-11
EP0144793A2 (fr)	1985-06-19
JPS60139809A (ja)	1985-07-24
JPH064923B2 (ja)	1994-01-19
DE3474573D1 (en)	1988-11-17

Legal Events

Date	Code	Title	Description
2005-04-05	MKEX	Expiry

Publication	Publication Date	Title
CN1071808C (zh)	2001-09-26	基于聚乙烯醇的水溶性纤维
KR860000202B1 (ko)	1986-03-03	고강도, 고인장계수의 결정성 열가소성성형물의 제조공정 및 신규섬유
KR100210294B1 (ko)	1999-07-15	셀룰로오스 형상체 제조방법
US5168004A (en)	1992-12-01	Melt-spun acrylic fibers possessing a highly uniform internal structure which are particularly suited for thermal conversion to quality carbon fibers
JP7608602B2 (ja)	2025-01-06	繊維紡糸方法、紡糸繊維及びその使用
CA1333954C (fr)	1995-01-17	Formation de fibres acryliques filees a chaud, transformables en fibres de carbone de haute resistance par thermoconversion
US4883628A (en)	1989-11-28	Method for preparing tenacity and modulus polyacrylonitrile fiber
US4454091A (en)	1984-06-12	Solutions, which can be shaped, from mixtures of cellulose and polyvinyl chloride, and shaped articles resulting therefrom and the process for their manufacture
US4935180A (en)	1990-06-19	Formation of melt-spun acrylic fibers possessing a highly uniform internal structure which are particularly suited for thermal conversion to quality carbon fibers
US2716586A (en)	1955-08-30	Wet spinning of acrylonitrile polymers
JPH07102413A (ja)	1995-04-18	ポリテトラフルオロエチレン糸状物
US4238442A (en)	1980-12-09	Process for melt spinning acrylonitrile polymer hydrates
JPS6290308A (ja)	1987-04-24	高引張強さおよび高モジユラスを有するポリビニルアルコ−ル製品の製造法
EP0144793B1 (fr)	1988-10-12	Fibre en polyacrylonitrile à haute ténacité et haut module, et procédé de fabrication
US4933128A (en)	1990-06-12	Formation of melt-spun acrylic fibers which are well suited for thermal conversion to high strength carbon fibers
JP4228009B2 (ja)	2009-02-25	炭素繊維用アクリロニトリル系前駆体繊維の製造方法
US4457885A (en)	1984-07-03	Process for the production of dry-spun hollow polyacrylonitrile fibers and filaments
JPS61108711A (ja)	1986-05-27	高強度、高弾性率ポリビニルアルコ−ル系繊維の製造法
East et al.	1984	20—The Dry-Jet Wet-Spinning of an Acrylic-Fibre Yarn
US4119693A (en)	1978-10-10	Process for spinning poly (ethylene oxide) monofilament
US3932574A (en)	1976-01-13	Process for preparing fibrous polyvinyl alcohol
US3657409A (en)	1972-04-18	Process for the production of acrylic filaments
EP0496376A2 (fr)	1992-07-29	Fibres d'alcool polyvinylique et leur procédé de préparation
US4981751A (en)	1991-01-01	Melt-spun acrylic fibers which are particularly suited for thermal conversion to high strength carbon fibers
US4981752A (en)	1991-01-01	Formation of melt-spun acrylic fibers which are well suited for thermal conversion to high strength carbon fibers

CA1234662A - Fibre de polyacrylonitrile a coefficient de tenacite et module d'elasticite eleves, et sa fabrication - Google Patents

Info

Links

Classifications

Landscapes

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=24227674

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (6)

Family Cites Families (15)

Cited By (1)

Also Published As

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