CA1274658A - Microspheres de ceramique, solides, transparentes et non vitreuses - Google Patents

Microspheres de ceramique, solides, transparentes et non vitreuses

Info

Publication number: CA1274658A
Authority: CA; Canada
Prior art keywords: microspheres; ceramic; transparent; particles; zirconia
Prior art date: 1984-09-24
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Expired - Lifetime

Application number

CA000609059A

Other languages

English (en)

Inventor

Roger W. Lange

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

3M Co

Original Assignee

Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1984-09-24

Filing date

1989-08-22

Publication date

1990-10-02

1984-09-24 Priority claimed from US06/653,779 external-priority patent/US4564556A/en

1989-08-22 Application filed by Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co filed Critical Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co

1989-08-22 Priority to CA000609059A priority Critical patent/CA1274658A/fr

1990-10-02 Application granted granted Critical

1990-10-02 Publication of CA1274658A publication Critical patent/CA1274658A/fr

2007-10-02 Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Status Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 60
MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 58
239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 22
239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 22
239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 16
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 15
239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 13
239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 13
229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 13
YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 12
238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 9
USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 description 8
229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 8
235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 7
239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 7
150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
239000007863 gel particle Substances 0.000 description 6
239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 6
229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
-1 bl~muth Chemical compound 0.000 description 5
229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 5
229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 5
238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 5
235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 4
229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 4
ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 3
239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 3
230000002844 continuous effect Effects 0.000 description 3
RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
101100536883 Legionella pneumophila subsp. pneumophila (strain Philadelphia 1 / ATCC 33152 / DSM 7513) thi5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
101100240664 Schizosaccharomyces pombe (strain 972 / ATCC 24843) nmt1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
XREXPQGDOPQPAH-QKUPJAQQSA-K trisodium;[(z)-18-[1,3-bis[[(z)-12-sulfonatooxyoctadec-9-enoyl]oxy]propan-2-yloxy]-18-oxooctadec-9-en-7-yl] sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].CCCCCCC(OS([O-])(=O)=O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CC(CCCCCC)OS([O-])(=O)=O)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CC(CCCCCC)OS([O-])(=O)=O XREXPQGDOPQPAH-QKUPJAQQSA-K 0.000 description 2
125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
150000003755 zirconium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
239000004821 Contact adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
UOACKFBJUYNSLK-XRKIENNPSA-N Estradiol Cypionate Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H](C4=CC=C(O)C=C4CC3)CC[C@@]21C)C(=O)CCC1CCCC1 UOACKFBJUYNSLK-XRKIENNPSA-N 0.000 description 1
KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
241001079660 Phanes Species 0.000 description 1
239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
229910004369 ThO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
240000004543 Vicia ervilia Species 0.000 description 1
HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 1
230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
239000003849 aromatic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
239000005391 art glass Substances 0.000 description 1
239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
MPFUOCVWJGGDQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-ol;1,2-xylene Chemical compound CCCCO.CC1=CC=CC=C1C MPFUOCVWJGGDQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229920001429 chelating resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
238000001246 colloidal dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
101150112629 gap3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
229940093915 gynecological organic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
229910001412 inorganic anion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
MOUPNEIJQCETIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead chromate Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O MOUPNEIJQCETIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
239000012702 metal oxide precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 1
238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxozirconium;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.[Zr]=O CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
229920003225 polyurethane elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
239000005297 pyrex Substances 0.000 description 1
150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 1
229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 description 1
230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
229910002076 stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N thorium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Th]=O ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1

Landscapes

Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)

CA000609059A 1984-09-24 1989-08-22 Microspheres de ceramique, solides, transparentes et non vitreuses Expired - Lifetime CA1274658A (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
CA000609059A CA1274658A (fr)	1984-09-24	1989-08-22	Microspheres de ceramique, solides, transparentes et non vitreuses

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
US06/653,779 US4564556A (en)	1984-09-24	1984-09-24	Transparent non-vitreous ceramic particulate
US653,779		1984-09-24
CA000486948A CA1269216A (fr)	1984-09-24	1985-07-17	Materiau ceramique en particules transparentes et non vitreuses
US486,948		1985-07-17
CA000609059A CA1274658A (fr)	1984-09-24	1989-08-22	Microspheres de ceramique, solides, transparentes et non vitreuses

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
CA000486948A Division CA1269216A (fr)	1984-09-24	1985-07-17	Materiau ceramique en particules transparentes et non vitreuses

Publications (1)

Publication Number	Publication Date
CA1274658A true CA1274658A (fr)	1990-10-02

Family

ID=25670749

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
CA000609059A Expired - Lifetime CA1274658A (fr)	1984-09-24	1989-08-22	Microspheres de ceramique, solides, transparentes et non vitreuses

Country Status (1)

Country	Link
CA (1)	CA1274658A (fr)

1989
- 1989-08-22 CA CA000609059A patent/CA1274658A/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime

Legal Events

Date	Code	Title	Description
2002-10-02	MKLA	Lapsed

Publication	Publication Date	Title
CA1269216A (fr)	1990-05-22	Materiau ceramique en particules transparentes et non vitreuses
US4931414A (en)	1990-06-05	Thermal extractive gelation process
EP0232980B1 (fr)	1991-08-21	Signalisation routière contenant des microsphères transparentes céramiques non vitreuses
US4837069A (en)	1989-06-06	Transparent alumina microspheres
US5774265A (en)	1998-06-30	Durable retroreflective elements
US5942280A (en)	1999-08-24	Method of making retroreflective elements
US5917652A (en)	1999-06-29	Durable retroreflective elements
WO2003038191A2 (fr)	2003-05-08	Elements reflechissants comprenant des particules de renforcement dispersees dans un noyau
CA1274658A (fr)	1990-10-02	Microspheres de ceramique, solides, transparentes et non vitreuses
CN1031701C (zh)	1996-05-01	含有透明非玻化氧化锆微球体的板材
MXPA00002621A (en)	2001-12-04	Method of making retroreflective elements