CA1283555C - Agent promoteur de croissance pour plantes - Google Patents

Agent promoteur de croissance pour plantes

Info

Publication number: CA1283555C
Authority: CA; Canada
Prior art keywords: water; growing; polymer; polymeric substance; particles
Prior art date: 1984-11-08
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Expired - Lifetime

Application number

CA000494797A

Other languages

English (en)

Inventor

Allan Cooke

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Individual

Original Assignee

Individual

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1984-11-08

Filing date

1985-11-07

Publication date

1991-04-30

1984-11-08 Priority claimed from GB848428273A external-priority patent/GB8428273D0/en

1985-03-28 Priority claimed from GB858508149A external-priority patent/GB8508149D0/en

1985-07-30 Priority claimed from GB858519167A external-priority patent/GB8519167D0/en

1985-11-07 Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual

1990-10-24 Priority to CA000615904A priority Critical patent/CA1309270C/fr

1991-04-30 Application granted granted Critical

1991-04-30 Publication of CA1283555C publication Critical patent/CA1283555C/fr

2008-04-30 Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Status Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
239000003016 pheromone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 24
239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical group NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 claims description 9
239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 5
229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 2
239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 abstract description 34
229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 22
235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 15
238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 26
239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 6
238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 6
239000004160 Ammonium persulphate Substances 0.000 description 4
ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
235000019395 ammonium persulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
230000003450 growing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N putrescine Chemical compound NCCCCN KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 4
230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 3
239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
244000045195 Cicer arietinum Species 0.000 description 2
235000010523 Cicer arietinum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
241000589180 Rhizobium Species 0.000 description 2
238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
238000012505 colouration Methods 0.000 description 2
230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 2
239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 2
230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 2
238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 2
-1 lron Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 2
230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 2
229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 2
230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000004150 EU approved colour Substances 0.000 description 1
102000018997 Growth Hormone Human genes 0.000 description 1
108010051696 Growth Hormone Proteins 0.000 description 1
241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
IOUUIFSIQMVYKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetradecanoyl acetate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(C)=O IOUUIFSIQMVYKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
UECPLNNAVLEZGO-CCEZHUSRSA-N [(e)-tetradec-1-enyl] acetate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\OC(C)=O UECPLNNAVLEZGO-CCEZHUSRSA-N 0.000 description 1
230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
230000000895 acaricidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
239000000642 acaricide Substances 0.000 description 1
238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 1
229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229940041514 candida albicans extract Drugs 0.000 description 1
239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
239000000549 coloured material Substances 0.000 description 1
238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 1
229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 description 1
230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
239000000122 growth hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
239000011785 micronutrient Substances 0.000 description 1
235000013369 micronutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
230000001069 nematicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
239000005645 nematicide Substances 0.000 description 1
229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229940006093 opthalmologic coloring agent diagnostic Drugs 0.000 description 1
239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
230000001846 repelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
239000012138 yeast extract Substances 0.000 description 1
229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1

Classifications

- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
- C09K17/16—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only applied in a physical form other than a solution or a grout, e.g. as platelets or granules
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/40—Fertilisers incorporated into a matrix

Landscapes

Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
Organic Chemistry (AREA)
Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
Soil Sciences (AREA)
Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Materials Engineering (AREA)
Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Fertilizers (AREA)

CA000494797A 1984-11-08 1985-11-07 Agent promoteur de croissance pour plantes Expired - Lifetime CA1283555C (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
CA000615904A CA1309270C (fr)	1984-11-08	1990-10-24	Milieu de culture de plantes

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
GB8428273		1984-11-08
GB848428273A GB8428273D0 (en)	1984-11-08	1984-11-08	Identified polymeric substance
GB8508149		1985-03-28
GB858508149A GB8508149D0 (en)	1985-03-28	1985-03-28	Growing media
GB8519167		1985-07-30
GB858519167A GB8519167D0 (en)	1985-07-30	1985-07-30	Growing media

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
CA000615904A Division CA1309270C (fr)	1984-11-08	1990-10-24	Milieu de culture de plantes

Publications (1)

Publication Number	Publication Date
CA1283555C true CA1283555C (fr)	1991-04-30

Family

ID=27262510

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
CA000494797A Expired - Lifetime CA1283555C (fr)	1984-11-08	1985-11-07	Agent promoteur de croissance pour plantes

Country Status (2)

Country	Link
CA (1)	CA1283555C (fr)
GB (1)	GB2167398B (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
CN103214302A (zh) *	2013-03-26	2013-07-24	河北大学	一种用于栽培驱蚊香草的木屑菌糠营养剂及其制备方法
WO2024150076A1 (fr)	2023-01-09	2024-07-18	Scaleup Innovations Holdings Limited	Milieux de culture hors sol et sorbants

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
FR2624761B1 (fr) *	1987-12-17	1993-10-08	Roussel Uclaf	Granules a base de polymeres hydrophiles sur lesquels sont absorbes une formulation aqueuse renfermant un ou plusieurs principes actifs
GB8800578D0 (en) *	1988-01-12	1988-02-10	Fernandes P J F	Improvements relating to plant growth media
FR2717173B1 (fr) *	1994-03-10	1996-04-26	Pugliese Freres Entr Sarl	Procédé de traitement du lisier de porc et produit obtenu à partir dudit procédé.
FR2745002B1 (fr) *	1996-02-16	1998-06-12	Pugliese Freres	Procede de traitement des dejections, rejets et rebuts provenant des installations industrielles, citadines et agricoles, produits obtenus a partir dudit procede et installation pour la mise en oeuvre dudit procede
US6395051B1 (en) *	1997-07-18	2002-05-28	Soil Enhancement Technologies Llc	Small particle polyacrylamide for soil conditioning
US6397519B1 (en)	2000-01-26	2002-06-04	Ciba Specialty Chemicals Water Treatments Limited	Soil treatment compositions and their use
FR2908407A1 (fr) *	2006-11-10	2008-05-16	Michel Henri Antoine Laffaille	Procede permettant d'assembler des fertilisants et ou des produits phytosanitaires avec un polymere retenteur d'eau

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
NL198266A (fr) *	1954-10-15	1900-01-01
US3746603A (en) *	1970-04-16	1973-07-17	Bell S Asbestos And Eng Pty Lt	Slip joint construction
AU469186B2 (en) *	1972-05-16	1976-02-05	Ici Australia Limited	Slurry fertilizers
FR2386504A1 (fr) *	1977-04-05	1978-11-03	Anvar	Procede microbiologique destine a maitriser la productivite des plantes cultivees
GB1595054A (en) *	1977-11-14	1981-08-05	Metal Box Co Ltd	Capsules containing micro-organisms
ZA825596B (en) *	1981-08-07	1984-03-28	Unilever Plc	Polymeric compositions useful as plant growing media additives
GB2127005B (en) *	1982-07-07	1986-06-18	Chemical Discoveries Sa	Growing medium comprising water absorbent polymer

1985
- 1985-11-04 GB GB8527107A patent/GB2167398B/en not_active Expired
- 1985-11-07 CA CA000494797A patent/CA1283555C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
CN103214302A (zh) *	2013-03-26	2013-07-24	河北大学	一种用于栽培驱蚊香草的木屑菌糠营养剂及其制备方法
CN103214302B (zh) *	2013-03-26	2014-10-22	河北大学	一种用于栽培驱蚊香草的木屑菌糠营养剂及其制备方法
WO2024150076A1 (fr)	2023-01-09	2024-07-18	Scaleup Innovations Holdings Limited	Milieux de culture hors sol et sorbants

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
GB8527107D0 (en)	1985-12-11
GB2167398B (en)	1989-06-01
GB2167398A (en)	1986-05-29

Legal Events

Date	Code	Title	Description
1994-11-01	MKLA	Lapsed

Publication	Publication Date	Title
US4579578A (en)	1986-04-01	Plant growing media
US4540427A (en)	1985-09-10	Method for improving water retention qualities of soil and an agent for performing this method
CA1134981A (fr)	1982-11-02	Agent ameliorateur par modification des sols
EP0652707B1 (fr)	1998-12-02	Procede d'encapsulation de graines
US2652379A (en)	1953-09-15	Soil additive
NZ203860A (en)	1985-04-30	Seed pellets containing mycorrhizal fungi
CA1283555C (fr)	1991-04-30	Agent promoteur de croissance pour plantes
Baasiri et al.	1986	Soil application of a hydrophilic conditioner in relation to moisture, irrigation frequency and crop growth
US3748115A (en)	1973-07-24	Plant nutrient products
US4762545A (en)	1988-08-09	Soil amendment material and process for preparation thereof
US5436218A (en)	1995-07-25	Agglomerates for reclaiming uncultivated soils comprising superabsorbent polymers and polybutadiene oil adhesive
GB2127005A (en)	1984-04-04	Growing medium comprising water absorbent polymer
US4927447A (en)	1990-05-22	Soil amendment material and process for preparation thereof
CA1309270C (fr)	1992-10-27	Milieu de culture de plantes
Al‐Harbi et al.	1994	Impact of irrigation regime and addition of a soil conditioner on tomato seedling growth
US20150218448A1 (en)	2015-08-06	Solid hydrogel media and methods of preparation and use therefor
JP2591908B2 (ja)	1997-03-19	たまねぎの機械定植用成形苗の育成方法およびたまねぎの機械定植用成形苗育苗用培土
WO2002037947A1 (fr)	2002-05-16	Procede d'utilisation de mousse de terpolymere d'uree associe a phenol methylene en tant que produit de rempotage, d'amendement ou de substitut de sol
JPS6150014B2 (fr)	1986-11-01
EP1804568B1 (fr)	2013-01-09	Membrane de stabilisation pour de l'eau et des elements nutritifs
GB2129302A (en)	1984-05-16	Ground treatment
JP3112649B2 (ja)	2000-11-27	コーティング種子を用いた緑化工法
JPS6239633B2 (fr)	1987-08-24
WO1990011265A2 (fr)	1990-10-04	Engrais universel
JP2002051611A (ja)	2002-02-19	植物種子被覆材