CA2105305C - Procedes de reformage a faible teneur en soufre - Google Patents

Procedes de reformage a faible teneur en soufre Download PDF

Info

Publication number: CA2105305C
Authority: CA; Canada
Prior art keywords: reactor system; tin; sulfur; carburization; metal
Prior art date: 1991-03-08
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Expired - Lifetime

Application number

CA002105305A

Other languages

English (en)

Other versions

CA2105305A1 (fr

Inventor

John V. Heyse

Bernard F. Mulaskey

Robert A. Innes

Daniel P. Hagewiesche

Gale L. Hubred

Steven C. Moore

Paul F. Bryan

Robert L. Hise

Steven E. Trumbull

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Chevron USA Inc

Original Assignee

Chevron Research and Technology Co

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1991-03-08

Filing date

1992-03-06

Publication date

2007-06-26

1992-03-06 Application filed by Chevron Research and Technology Co filed Critical Chevron Research and Technology Co

1992-03-06 Priority claimed from PCT/US1992/001856 external-priority patent/WO1992015653A1/fr

1992-09-09 Publication of CA2105305A1 publication Critical patent/CA2105305A1/fr

2007-06-26 Application granted granted Critical

2007-06-26 Publication of CA2105305C publication Critical patent/CA2105305C/fr

2012-03-06 Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Status Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 148
239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 54
229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 172
239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 172
NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 84
238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 82
239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 71
150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 65
229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 95
239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 95
ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 71
229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 68
239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 64
239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 63
238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 57
XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 52
VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 47
239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 47
239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 47
238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 claims description 46
238000001833 catalytic reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 45
229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 35
229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 33
UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 28
239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 26
239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 26
229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
-1 manganese carboxylate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
229910001134 stannide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 19
229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 16
239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 14
PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 11
238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 11
150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 9
229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 6
238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 6
150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
AFCAKJKUYFLYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutyltin Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC AFCAKJKUYFLYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
229910001245 Sb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
229940058905 antimony compound for treatment of leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical class [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
229940093920 gynecological arsenic compound Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
MRMOZBOQVYRSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethyllead Chemical compound CC[Pb](CC)(CC)CC MRMOZBOQVYRSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
NSPSPMKCKIPQBH-UHFFFAOYSA-K bismuth;7,7-dimethyloctanoate Chemical compound [Bi+3].CC(C)(C)CCCCCC([O-])=O.CC(C)(C)CCCCCC([O-])=O.CC(C)(C)CCCCCC([O-])=O NSPSPMKCKIPQBH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
RPBPCPJJHKASGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+);octanoate Chemical compound [Cr+3].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O RPBPCPJJHKASGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
229940120693 copper naphthenate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
SEVNKWFHTNVOLD-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;3-(4-ethylcyclohexyl)propanoate;3-(3-ethylcyclopentyl)propanoate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CCC1CCC(CCC([O-])=O)C1.CCC1CCC(CCC([O-])=O)CC1 SEVNKWFHTNVOLD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 2
RQZVTOHLJOBKCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver;7,7-dimethyloctanoate Chemical compound [Ag+].CC(C)(C)CCCCCC([O-])=O RQZVTOHLJOBKCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
HDVLQIDIYKIVRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylgermane Chemical compound CCCC[Ge](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC HDVLQIDIYKIVRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
XOOGZRUBTYCLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyllead Chemical compound C[Pb](C)(C)C XOOGZRUBTYCLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
BXJWDOYMROEHEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylstibane Chemical compound CCCC[Sb](CCCC)CCCC BXJWDOYMROEHEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
UKHQRARQNZOXRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyltin Chemical compound C[SnH](C)C UKHQRARQNZOXRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
BPLUKJNHPBNVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylarsine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[As](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 BPLUKJNHPBNVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
HVYVMSPIJIWUNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylstibine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[Sb](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 HVYVMSPIJIWUNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
239000002140 antimony alloy Substances 0.000 claims 2
KGHMFMDJVUVBRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony copper Chemical compound [Cu].[Sb] KGHMFMDJVUVBRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 claims 2
150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
APGNMHZUERWZME-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(2+);3,3,5,5-tetramethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)CC([O-])=O.CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)CC([O-])=O APGNMHZUERWZME-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 58
PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 33
VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 25
230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 20
229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 16
XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 13
239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 10
238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 10
230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 10
238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 10
229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 9
210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 9
IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 7
TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 6
230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 6
239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 6
230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 6
238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 6
230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 6
238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 6
238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 6
238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
229910001055 inconels 600 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 4
238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 4
230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 4
238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 4
238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 3
238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
238000005254 chromizing Methods 0.000 description 3
125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 3
238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
229910001293 incoloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
XZZXKVYTWCYOQX-UHFFFAOYSA-J octanoate;tin(4+) Chemical compound [Sn+4].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O XZZXKVYTWCYOQX-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 3
JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 3
230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 3
QEGNUYASOUJEHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dimethylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1(C)CCCCC1 QEGNUYASOUJEHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
CTMHWPIWNRWQEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylcyclohexene Chemical compound CC1=CCCCC1 CTMHWPIWNRWQEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 2
125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 2
239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 2
229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 2
150000001934 cyclohexanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene Chemical compound C1CCC=CC1 HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 2
230000020335 dealkylation Effects 0.000 description 2
238000006900 dealkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 2
238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron nickel Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni] UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclopentane Chemical compound CC1CCCC1 GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 2
IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 2
238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 2
WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
NSMXQKNUPPXBRG-SECBINFHSA-N (R)-lisofylline Chemical compound O=C1N(CCCC[C@H](O)C)C(=O)N(C)C2=C1N(C)C=N2 NSMXQKNUPPXBRG-SECBINFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
TXNWMICHNKMOBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethylcyclohexene Chemical compound CC1=C(C)CCCC1 TXNWMICHNKMOBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
CGHIBGNXEGJPQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexyne Chemical compound CCCCC#C CGHIBGNXEGJPQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
ATQUFXWBVZUTKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylcyclopentene Chemical compound CC1=CCCC1 ATQUFXWBVZUTKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylpentane Chemical compound CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
GXDHCNNESPLIKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylhexane Natural products CCCCC(C)C GXDHCNNESPLIKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
AEXMKKGTQYQZCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dimethylpentane Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)CC AEXMKKGTQYQZCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910001149 41xx steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
YPIFGDQKSSMYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 7,7-dimethyloctanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCC([O-])=O YPIFGDQKSSMYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
XAGFODPZIPBFFR-BJUDXGSMSA-N Aluminum-26 Chemical compound [26Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-BJUDXGSMSA-N 0.000 description 1
101100004280 Caenorhabditis elegans best-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
101100537266 Caenorhabditis elegans tin-13 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910017755 Cu-Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229910017927 Cu—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 1
ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-ethylcaproic acid Natural products CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
238000005899 aromatization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
150000001495 arsenic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
JQZRVMZHTADUSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L di(octanoyloxy)tin Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O JQZRVMZHTADUSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
239000012013 faujasite Substances 0.000 description 1
239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
YVXHZKKCZYLQOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hept-1-yne Chemical compound CCCCCC#C YVXHZKKCZYLQOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
230000002101 lytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
230000002211 methanization Effects 0.000 description 1
GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
APVPOHHVBBYQAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyloctadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 APVPOHHVBBYQAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 1
239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
229940127557 pharmaceutical product Drugs 0.000 description 1
239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
229910000579 plumbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
238000011112 process operation Methods 0.000 description 1
239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
238000009420 retrofitting Methods 0.000 description 1
229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical class [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
238000004230 steam cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1

Classifications

- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G35/00—Reforming naphtha
- C10G35/04—Catalytic reforming
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G35/00—Reforming naphtha
- C10G35/04—Catalytic reforming
- C10G35/06—Catalytic reforming characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G35/095—Catalytic reforming characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves

Landscapes

Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Organic Chemistry (AREA)
Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

CA002105305A 1991-03-08 1992-03-06 Procedes de reformage a faible teneur en soufre Expired - Lifetime CA2105305C (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (9)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
US66669691A	1991-03-08	1991-03-08
US666,696		1991-03-08
US80321591A	1991-12-06	1991-12-06
US80306391A	1991-12-06	1991-12-06
US80282191A	1991-12-06	1991-12-06
US803,063		1991-12-06
US803,215		1991-12-06
US802,801		1991-12-06
PCT/US1992/001856 WO1992015653A1 (fr)	1991-03-08	1992-03-06	Procedes de reformage en presence de faibles quantites de soufre

Publications (2)

Publication Number	Publication Date
CA2105305A1 CA2105305A1 (fr)	1992-09-09
CA2105305C true CA2105305C (fr)	2007-06-26

Family

ID=38278912

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
CA002105305A Expired - Lifetime CA2105305C (fr)	1991-03-08	1992-03-06	Procedes de reformage a faible teneur en soufre

Country Status (1)

Country	Link
CA (1)	CA2105305C (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US20230338915A1 (en) *	2020-09-21	2023-10-26	Dsm Ip Assets B.V.	Ceramic coating on metal parts to reduce deposit of metallic transition metals in hydrogenation reactions

1992
- 1992-03-06 CA CA002105305A patent/CA2105305C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US20230338915A1 (en) *	2020-09-21	2023-10-26	Dsm Ip Assets B.V.	Ceramic coating on metal parts to reduce deposit of metallic transition metals in hydrogenation reactions
US12576382B2 (en) *	2020-09-21	2026-03-17	Dsm Ip Assets B.V.	Ceramic coating on metal parts to reduce deposit of metallic transition metals in hydrogenation reactions

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
CA2105305A1 (fr)	1992-09-09

Legal Events

Date	Code	Title	Description
1999-03-04	EEER	Examination request
2012-03-06	MKLA	Lapsed
2012-12-02	MKEC	Expiry (correction)	Effective date: 20121202

Publication	Publication Date	Title
US5863418A (en)	1999-01-26	Low-sulfur reforming process
EP0798363B1 (fr)	2003-05-28	Procédés de réformage en présence de faibles quantités de soufre
US5593571A (en)	1997-01-14	Treating oxidized steels in low-sulfur reforming processes
US5405525A (en)	1995-04-11	Treating and desulfiding sulfided steels in low-sulfur reforming processes
JP5951659B2 (ja)	2016-07-13	保護のために表面を処理する方法
US6063264A (en)	2000-05-16	Zeolite L catalyst in a furnace reactor
EP0677034A1 (fr)	1995-10-18	Procedes d'hydrodesalkylation
CA2105305C (fr)	2007-06-26	Procedes de reformage a faible teneur en soufre
CA2153229C (fr)	2006-04-25	Traitement d'aciers oxydes dans un procede de reformage d'hydrocarbures en milieu a faible teneur en soufre
JP2001220586A (ja)	2001-08-14	低硫黄改質法
UA51609C2 (uk)	2002-12-16	Спосіб каталітичного риформінгу вуглеводню та реакторна система для каталітичного риформінгу
SA05260057B1 (ar)	2008-03-26	عمليات تهذيب الكبريت sulfur المنخفض