CA2119084A1 - Composite for oxidation and corrosion protection of anode nipples - Google Patents
Composite for oxidation and corrosion protection of anode nipplesInfo
- Publication number
- CA2119084A1 CA2119084A1 CA002119084A CA2119084A CA2119084A1 CA 2119084 A1 CA2119084 A1 CA 2119084A1 CA 002119084 A CA002119084 A CA 002119084A CA 2119084 A CA2119084 A CA 2119084A CA 2119084 A1 CA2119084 A1 CA 2119084A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- composite material
- collar
- per cent
- accordance
- dry weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000010339 dilation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000005575 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- NOTVAPJNGZMVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium monoxide Inorganic materials [K]O[K] NOTVAPJNGZMVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
- C25C3/12—Anodes
- C25C3/125—Anodes based on carbon
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
A B S T R A C T
A composite material for protecting one or more anode hanger nipples against oxidation and corrosion during operation in a Hall-Heroult electrolysis cell, consisting of a base material in the form of a particle aggregate of waste products from anodes consumed in aluminum electrolysis cells, calcium aluminate cement, a catalyst and water. Substances hazardous to health, such as PAH, have been removed. The composite material is characterised in that the particle aggregate can consist of particles between 1 and 2000 µm and make up at least 80 % of the composite material, the cement up to 15 %, the catalyst 0.6 % and the added water approximately 28 % of the solid mass.
The composite material is compressed under pressure to form a collar around the anode hanger nipples and can be prefabricated.
A composite material for protecting one or more anode hanger nipples against oxidation and corrosion during operation in a Hall-Heroult electrolysis cell, consisting of a base material in the form of a particle aggregate of waste products from anodes consumed in aluminum electrolysis cells, calcium aluminate cement, a catalyst and water. Substances hazardous to health, such as PAH, have been removed. The composite material is characterised in that the particle aggregate can consist of particles between 1 and 2000 µm and make up at least 80 % of the composite material, the cement up to 15 %, the catalyst 0.6 % and the added water approximately 28 % of the solid mass.
The composite material is compressed under pressure to form a collar around the anode hanger nipples and can be prefabricated.
Description
- -`"` 2 1 ~ 4 - ~
The present invention concerns a composite material for protecting one or more anode hanger nipples (hereinafter called nipples) against oxidation and corrosion during operation in a Hall-Heroult aluminium electrolysis cell, consisting of a particle aggregate of waste products from anodes consumed in aluminium electrolysis, calcium aluminate cement, a catalyst and water. Ready-processed and mounted, the composite material forms a protective collar around the nipple.
There are two main different types of composite materials which are used in this context:
For many years it has been normal practice to use petroleum coke and/or waste from consumed anodes as the base material and pitch as the binder for the first type of material for protecting anode hanger nipples against oxidation and corrosion during operation in an electrolysis cell. The disadvantages of this solution are that the pitch contains elements which are hazardous to health, for example PAH (polyaromatic hydrocarbons) which are released through the high temperature in the electrolysis cell, and that the nipples' resistance to aggressive gases i~ relatively low because the collar covers the whole of the nipple only for part of the operating time before it is partly dissolved on account of too weak particle binding and dilation forces which arise between the collar and the nipple.
A combination of the components petroleum coke, graphite, semi-graphite and waste electrode material is used as the base material of the second type, as well as a special cement mixture as the binder and water to trigger the hardening process and to obtain a suitable consistency for the composite material.
The disadvantages of this type of composite materials is that the base material not only consists of waste products from carbon and electrolysis processes but also uses raw materials such as petroleum coke, graphite and semi-graphite, each of which is an element which makes the production of the composite material more expensive.
The present invention concerns a composite material for protecting one or more anode hanger nipples (hereinafter called nipples) against oxidation and corrosion during operation in a Hall-Heroult aluminium electrolysis cell, consisting of a particle aggregate of waste products from anodes consumed in aluminium electrolysis, calcium aluminate cement, a catalyst and water. Ready-processed and mounted, the composite material forms a protective collar around the nipple.
There are two main different types of composite materials which are used in this context:
For many years it has been normal practice to use petroleum coke and/or waste from consumed anodes as the base material and pitch as the binder for the first type of material for protecting anode hanger nipples against oxidation and corrosion during operation in an electrolysis cell. The disadvantages of this solution are that the pitch contains elements which are hazardous to health, for example PAH (polyaromatic hydrocarbons) which are released through the high temperature in the electrolysis cell, and that the nipples' resistance to aggressive gases i~ relatively low because the collar covers the whole of the nipple only for part of the operating time before it is partly dissolved on account of too weak particle binding and dilation forces which arise between the collar and the nipple.
A combination of the components petroleum coke, graphite, semi-graphite and waste electrode material is used as the base material of the second type, as well as a special cement mixture as the binder and water to trigger the hardening process and to obtain a suitable consistency for the composite material.
The disadvantages of this type of composite materials is that the base material not only consists of waste products from carbon and electrolysis processes but also uses raw materials such as petroleum coke, graphite and semi-graphite, each of which is an element which makes the production of the composite material more expensive.
2 1 ~ 4 EP application no. 269534 describes a coating of the latter type to achieve a composite material with a view to protecting the nipple against oxidation and corrosion. On the basis of the facts of the application, the assumed new features seem to be that 0.01 to 5 ~ antioxidant is added to the composite aggregate in the form of a passivated aluminium powder with particle size less than 0.1 mm and that the calcium aluminate cement should not contain more than 2 ~ contaminated elements.
One disadvantage is that the base material must be a powder, i.e.
particles between 1 and 1000 ~m, which results in a comprehensive and expensive crushing and screening process as well as in more calcium aluminate cement having to be added to enclose the powder particles so that an even, good bond is achieved in the composite. A further condition is that the base material is selected as sta~ed above for the second type of composite material. Together these disadvantages will make the final composite material considerably more expensive. As a catalyst is not added, the result is that the cement will find it difficult to enclos2 all the particles in the powder aggregate on account of the surface tension, which leads to the individual parts of the coating having a weaker bond than those enclosed by cement, and that the dilation forces between the nipple and the collar are different, which can lead to craks in the individual parts of the coating during operation in the electrolysis cell and thereby trigger an attack on the nipples.
The aim of the present invention i9 to improve protection of the anode hanger nipples against oxidation and corrosion during operation in an electrolysis cell beyond that which is known from the above solutions.
A further aim is to eliminate components which are hazardous to health, use waste products from existing processes to avoid waste storage and to produce a cheap product which effectively protects the nipples.
In accordance with the present invention, this has been achieved by means of a composite material as mentioned in the introduction and which is further characterised in that the particle size of ~
~ , ~ 211~0~ -the waste products from consumed anodes can be between 1 and 2000 ~m and make up at least 80 per cent dry weight of the composite material. Furthermore, the composite material consists of up to 15 per cent dry weight calcium aluminate cement and up to 28 per cent dry weight water and 0.6 per cent dry weight catalyst, as defined in claim 1. Moreover, the present invention includes removal of substances hazardous to health, such as PAH, as defined in claim 7.
Other particularly advantageous features of the present invention are defined in claims 2-6.
The present invention will now be described in further detail by means of an example and with reference to the enclosed drawing which shows a perspective sketch of an anode hanger 1 with three nipples which are lowered into three holes in a carbon anode 4, and where each nipple 2 has a collar 3 of compressed composite material added to protect the nipple against oxidation and corrosion. The nipples are fastened, in a manner not de~cribed in further detail, to the carbon with cast iron filled in an annulus between the carbon and nipple. During operation the positive current i9 conducted down through the anode hanger and the nipples, the carbon anode , the oxide/cryolite bath and the liquid aluminium bath to the carbon cathode under high resistance which gives off strong heat and results in a cell temperature of approximately 960 degrees Celsius. The high temperature causes the reaction between the oxide and the cryolite, plu9 other components so that liquid aluminium is produced. During the reaction phase, which takes place continuously, highly aggressive gases are given off which attack, I in particular, the anode hanger nipples and release iron into the bath and aluminium which greatly reduces the quality of the ,~ aluminium. The collar, made either as a prefabricate or stamped when mounted, protects the nipples very well during the whole operating period. This results in higher aluminium purity and higher prices.
As mentioned in the introduction, the composite material consists of a particle aggregate of waste products from anodes consumed ~l in an electrolysir cell, binding material in the ~orm o~ calcium 2~ ~ 90~4 :`
aluminate cement, a catalyst and water. The composite material is compressed and hardened at 60-90 degrees Celsius to a compressive strength of 1 MPa. The collar 3 is preferably prefabricated and mounted in the rodding department, i.e. the department where the carbon anode and the anode hanger are mounted together.
There are a number of different types of calcium aluminate cement on the market for use as a binder in composite material for the protection of anode nipples against oxidation and corrosion.
Undesired elements in the calcium aluminate cement, such as Fe2O3, SiO2, Na2O, Cr2O3 and K2O can vary considerably between various manufacturers but the total should not exceed 7 per cent dry weight in the present invention.
EXAMPL~ ;
60 carbon anode/anode hanger installations were produced for this experiment, of which ~iO had cardboard around the anode hanger nipples. No significant difference (at the 5 % significance level) could be discovered between the installations with and without cardboard. The following formula was used for the composite material:
.,.. ~":.
Waste products from consumed anodes 2 80 i~
Calcium aluminate cement ~ 15 % ;
Catalyst = 0.6 i~
Water approx. 28 ~
20 kg mixtures were produced. The solid matter was mixed well before the water was added. The required quantity of water to be added was measured out (28 %) and the catalyst was dissolved in water before the solid matter was added. The water and the solid matter were mixed well by means of a mortar beater. A mould formed an annulus around the nipple into which the composite material was poured and compressed manually with a hammer and ramming shoe. Subsequently, the collar was hardened at 60-90 degrees Celsius. The anode installations were mounted in 6 electrolysis cells. The collars and the anodes were observed 211~0~4 . .
thoroughly by measuring the gases, temperature and density during operation in the electrolysis cell. The quantity of composite material which was left on the nipples after use in the electrolysis cell covered the whole nipple and the ring coverage was considerably thicker than when traditional composite material i9 used. The iron content of the aluminium metal showed no tendency to change over a 60-day period.
" ' ': ' ~ ':
' ':;:: '
One disadvantage is that the base material must be a powder, i.e.
particles between 1 and 1000 ~m, which results in a comprehensive and expensive crushing and screening process as well as in more calcium aluminate cement having to be added to enclose the powder particles so that an even, good bond is achieved in the composite. A further condition is that the base material is selected as sta~ed above for the second type of composite material. Together these disadvantages will make the final composite material considerably more expensive. As a catalyst is not added, the result is that the cement will find it difficult to enclos2 all the particles in the powder aggregate on account of the surface tension, which leads to the individual parts of the coating having a weaker bond than those enclosed by cement, and that the dilation forces between the nipple and the collar are different, which can lead to craks in the individual parts of the coating during operation in the electrolysis cell and thereby trigger an attack on the nipples.
The aim of the present invention i9 to improve protection of the anode hanger nipples against oxidation and corrosion during operation in an electrolysis cell beyond that which is known from the above solutions.
A further aim is to eliminate components which are hazardous to health, use waste products from existing processes to avoid waste storage and to produce a cheap product which effectively protects the nipples.
In accordance with the present invention, this has been achieved by means of a composite material as mentioned in the introduction and which is further characterised in that the particle size of ~
~ , ~ 211~0~ -the waste products from consumed anodes can be between 1 and 2000 ~m and make up at least 80 per cent dry weight of the composite material. Furthermore, the composite material consists of up to 15 per cent dry weight calcium aluminate cement and up to 28 per cent dry weight water and 0.6 per cent dry weight catalyst, as defined in claim 1. Moreover, the present invention includes removal of substances hazardous to health, such as PAH, as defined in claim 7.
Other particularly advantageous features of the present invention are defined in claims 2-6.
The present invention will now be described in further detail by means of an example and with reference to the enclosed drawing which shows a perspective sketch of an anode hanger 1 with three nipples which are lowered into three holes in a carbon anode 4, and where each nipple 2 has a collar 3 of compressed composite material added to protect the nipple against oxidation and corrosion. The nipples are fastened, in a manner not de~cribed in further detail, to the carbon with cast iron filled in an annulus between the carbon and nipple. During operation the positive current i9 conducted down through the anode hanger and the nipples, the carbon anode , the oxide/cryolite bath and the liquid aluminium bath to the carbon cathode under high resistance which gives off strong heat and results in a cell temperature of approximately 960 degrees Celsius. The high temperature causes the reaction between the oxide and the cryolite, plu9 other components so that liquid aluminium is produced. During the reaction phase, which takes place continuously, highly aggressive gases are given off which attack, I in particular, the anode hanger nipples and release iron into the bath and aluminium which greatly reduces the quality of the ,~ aluminium. The collar, made either as a prefabricate or stamped when mounted, protects the nipples very well during the whole operating period. This results in higher aluminium purity and higher prices.
As mentioned in the introduction, the composite material consists of a particle aggregate of waste products from anodes consumed ~l in an electrolysir cell, binding material in the ~orm o~ calcium 2~ ~ 90~4 :`
aluminate cement, a catalyst and water. The composite material is compressed and hardened at 60-90 degrees Celsius to a compressive strength of 1 MPa. The collar 3 is preferably prefabricated and mounted in the rodding department, i.e. the department where the carbon anode and the anode hanger are mounted together.
There are a number of different types of calcium aluminate cement on the market for use as a binder in composite material for the protection of anode nipples against oxidation and corrosion.
Undesired elements in the calcium aluminate cement, such as Fe2O3, SiO2, Na2O, Cr2O3 and K2O can vary considerably between various manufacturers but the total should not exceed 7 per cent dry weight in the present invention.
EXAMPL~ ;
60 carbon anode/anode hanger installations were produced for this experiment, of which ~iO had cardboard around the anode hanger nipples. No significant difference (at the 5 % significance level) could be discovered between the installations with and without cardboard. The following formula was used for the composite material:
.,.. ~":.
Waste products from consumed anodes 2 80 i~
Calcium aluminate cement ~ 15 % ;
Catalyst = 0.6 i~
Water approx. 28 ~
20 kg mixtures were produced. The solid matter was mixed well before the water was added. The required quantity of water to be added was measured out (28 %) and the catalyst was dissolved in water before the solid matter was added. The water and the solid matter were mixed well by means of a mortar beater. A mould formed an annulus around the nipple into which the composite material was poured and compressed manually with a hammer and ramming shoe. Subsequently, the collar was hardened at 60-90 degrees Celsius. The anode installations were mounted in 6 electrolysis cells. The collars and the anodes were observed 211~0~4 . .
thoroughly by measuring the gases, temperature and density during operation in the electrolysis cell. The quantity of composite material which was left on the nipples after use in the electrolysis cell covered the whole nipple and the ring coverage was considerably thicker than when traditional composite material i9 used. The iron content of the aluminium metal showed no tendency to change over a 60-day period.
" ' ': ' ~ ':
' ':;:: '
Claims (7)
1. A composite material for protecting one or more anode hanger nipples against oxidation and corrosion during operation in a Hall-Heroult electrolysis cell, consisting of a base material in the form of a particle aggregate of waste products from anodes consumed in aluminium electrolysis and calcium aluminate cement, a catalyst and water, c h a r a c t e r i s e d i n t h a t the particle size of the waste products are between 1 and 2000 µm and represents 80 or more per cent dry weight of the composite material which in addition consists of up to 15 per cent dry weight calcium aluminate cement, up to 28 per cent water of the dry weight of the waste products and cement and up to 0.6 per cent dry weight catalyst.
2. A composite material in accordance with claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i s e d i n t h a t the cement consists of up to 70 per cent weight of alumina.
3. A composite material in accordance with claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i s e d i n t h a t the particle aggregate consists of at least 1 per cent dry weight ash.
4. A composite material in accordance with claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i s e d i n t h a t the composite material is either processed to form a prefabricated collar or is compressed around the anode nipple so that a collar is formed.
5. A composite material in accordance with claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i s e d i n t h a t the collar is hardened at 60-90 degrees Celsius for 60 minutes to a compressive strength of 1 MPa.
6. A composite material in accordance with claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i s e d i n t h a t an inoxidisable, tight intermediate layer, for example of paper material, can
7 be inserted between the collar and the nipple to prevent the collar bursting in the event of a difference of dilation between the anode nipple and the collar.
7. A composite material in accordance with claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i s e d i n t h a t the waste products used in the particle aggregate have had substances hazardous to health, such as PAH components, removed by processing.
7. A composite material in accordance with claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i s e d i n t h a t the waste products used in the particle aggregate have had substances hazardous to health, such as PAH components, removed by processing.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO930957A NO930957L (en) | 1993-03-17 | 1993-03-17 | Marterial composite for oxidation and corrosion protection of anode nipples |
| NO930957 | 1993-03-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2119084A1 true CA2119084A1 (en) | 1994-09-18 |
Family
ID=19895934
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002119084A Abandoned CA2119084A1 (en) | 1993-03-17 | 1994-03-15 | Composite for oxidation and corrosion protection of anode nipples |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0627505A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1092822A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU5769494A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9401181A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2119084A1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO930957L (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ260060A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA941615B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103896555B (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2015-12-09 | 湖南创元铝业有限公司 | Anode steel claw protection ring production method |
| CN104005056A (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2014-08-27 | 沈阳化工大学 | Method for preparing electrolytic aluminium carbon anode protective coating |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2606796B1 (en) * | 1986-11-14 | 1989-02-03 | Savoie Electrodes Refract | PROTECTIVE COATING FOR PRE-COOKED ANODE ROUND |
| IN169360B (en) * | 1987-12-22 | 1991-09-28 | Savoie Electrodes Refract |
-
1993
- 1993-03-17 NO NO930957A patent/NO930957L/en unknown
-
1994
- 1994-03-08 ZA ZA941615A patent/ZA941615B/en unknown
- 1994-03-09 AU AU57694/94A patent/AU5769494A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-03-10 NZ NZ260060A patent/NZ260060A/en unknown
- 1994-03-15 CA CA002119084A patent/CA2119084A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-03-15 EP EP94200655A patent/EP0627505A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-03-16 BR BR9401181A patent/BR9401181A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-03-17 CN CN94103148A patent/CN1092822A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU5769494A (en) | 1994-09-22 |
| CN1092822A (en) | 1994-09-28 |
| NO930957D0 (en) | 1993-03-17 |
| NO930957L (en) | 1994-09-19 |
| BR9401181A (en) | 1994-10-18 |
| ZA941615B (en) | 1994-10-12 |
| NZ260060A (en) | 1994-12-22 |
| EP0627505A1 (en) | 1994-12-07 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| RU2232211C2 (en) | Carbon composite materials capable of wetting, erosion \ oxidation resistant | |
| CN113527917B (en) | Anticorrosive and anti-oxidation coating material for electrolytic aluminum anode steel claw and preparation method thereof | |
| EP1257690B1 (en) | A method for providing a protective coating for carbonaceous components of an electrolysis cell | |
| AU2001233530A1 (en) | A method for providing a protective coating for carbonaceous components of an electrolysis cell | |
| US4787965A (en) | Protective coating for the carrier bars of prebaked anodes and the emerging part of said anodes | |
| US5851677A (en) | Coating composition for carbon-containing products and said coating | |
| US6338785B1 (en) | Start-up of aluminum electrowinning cells | |
| CA2573739A1 (en) | Deep well anodes for electrical grounding | |
| EP0627505A1 (en) | Composite for oxidation and corrosion protection of anode nipples | |
| AU2017327000B2 (en) | Anode apparatus and methods regarding the same | |
| PL122573B1 (en) | Lining mixture for electrometallurgical furnaces | |
| AU610964B2 (en) | Improvement in the protective coatings for the carrier bars of pre-baked anodes and the emerging part of said anodes | |
| JPS6038354B2 (en) | Carbonaceous paste for cold forming | |
| EP1676940A2 (en) | The start-up of aluminium electrowinning cells | |
| US4946502A (en) | Protective coatings for the carrier bars of pre-baked anodes and the emerging part of the anodes | |
| US20040089539A1 (en) | Start-up of aluminium electrowinning cells | |
| AU690087B2 (en) | Refractory/carbon components of aluminium production cells | |
| EP1693486B1 (en) | A method for providing a protective coating for carbonaceous components of an electrolysis cell | |
| Kancir et al. | Influence of red mud addition in alkali-activated mortars on corrosion resistance of steel | |
| AU617040B2 (en) | Cathode protection | |
| Audras et al. | Protective Coating for Studs and Emerging Parts of Prebaked Anodes | |
| JPH0623499A (en) | Method for lining tandish of continuous casting equipment with firefroofing material and tandish lined by said method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |