CA2129172C - Enzymes de xylanase thermostables et methodes d'utilisation - Google Patents
Enzymes de xylanase thermostables et methodes d'utilisation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2129172C CA2129172C CA 2129172 CA2129172A CA2129172C CA 2129172 C CA2129172 C CA 2129172C CA 2129172 CA2129172 CA 2129172 CA 2129172 A CA2129172 A CA 2129172A CA 2129172 C CA2129172 C CA 2129172C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- xyl
- xylan
- xylanase
- temperature
- protein
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 101710121765 Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 title description 103
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 title description 51
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920001221 xylan Polymers 0.000 claims description 52
- 150000004823 xylans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 37
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 241000187361 Actinomadura sp. Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 108091028043 Nucleic acid sequence Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 108091008146 restriction endonucleases Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003275 alpha amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 69
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 abstract description 64
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 abstract description 64
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 abstract description 64
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 40
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 229940079919 digestives enzyme preparation Drugs 0.000 abstract description 8
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N D-xylopyranose Chemical group O[C@@H]1COC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N 0.000 description 51
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-Pyranose-Lyxose Natural products OC1COC(O)C(O)C1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 50
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N arabinose Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 49
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 49
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 39
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical group 0.000 description 24
- 238000010367 cloning Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 21
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 108010001817 Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases Proteins 0.000 description 15
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000002773 nucleotide Substances 0.000 description 15
- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000013612 plasmid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 13
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 12
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 11
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 10
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 10
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 10
- 241000186361 Actinobacteria <class> Species 0.000 description 9
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 9
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 description 9
- 241000187398 Streptomyces lividans Species 0.000 description 9
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 235000019419 proteases Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 9
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 108010076504 Protein Sorting Signals Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 8
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000014616 translation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 6
- 210000000349 chromosome Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 210000001072 colon Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000013518 transcription Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000035897 transcription Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 6
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 240000003834 Triticum spelta Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000004240 Triticum spelta Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 108010002430 hemicellulase Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002103 transcriptional effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 5
- 101000583086 Bunodosoma granuliferum Delta-actitoxin-Bgr2b Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 108091026890 Coding region Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 108700039691 Genetic Promoter Regions Proteins 0.000 description 4
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012228 culture supernatant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000010369 molecular cloning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000001938 protoplast Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241001446247 uncultured actinomycete Species 0.000 description 4
- LGQKSQQRKHFMLI-SJYYZXOBSA-N (2s,3r,4s,5r)-2-[(3r,4r,5r,6r)-4,5,6-trihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)OC1 LGQKSQQRKHFMLI-SJYYZXOBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LGQKSQQRKHFMLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-beta-D-xylopyranose Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)COC1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)OC1 LGQKSQQRKHFMLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SQNRKWHRVIAKLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-xylobiose Natural products O=CC(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC(O)C(O)C1O SQNRKWHRVIAKLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 3
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 241000187747 Streptomyces Species 0.000 description 3
- 241001672648 Vieira Species 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000001461 cytolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002573 hemicellulolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229930027917 kanamycin Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 229960000318 kanamycin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- SBUJHOSQTJFQJX-NOAMYHISSA-N kanamycin Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CN)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@H](N)C[C@@H]1N SBUJHOSQTJFQJX-NOAMYHISSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930182823 kanamycin A Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000013587 production medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001542 size-exclusion chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002415 sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000007166 xylan medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- QKNYBSVHEMOAJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;hydron;chloride Chemical compound Cl.OCC(N)(CO)CO QKNYBSVHEMOAJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000187362 Actinomadura Species 0.000 description 2
- 101000756530 Aspergillus niger Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase B Proteins 0.000 description 2
- SGHZXLIDFTYFHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Brilliant Blue Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C=1C=C(C(=C2C=CC(C=C2)=[N+](CC)CC=2C=C(C=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C=CC=1N(CC)CC1=CC=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1 SGHZXLIDFTYFHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 108010084185 Cellulases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000005575 Cellulases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000511343 Chondrostoma nasus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000193403 Clostridium Species 0.000 description 2
- 108020004705 Codon Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108091035707 Consensus sequence Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 125000000214 D-xylosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO1)* 0.000 description 2
- 238000007400 DNA extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101710132690 Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase A Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000588722 Escherichia Species 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108020004511 Recombinant DNA Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 201000001718 Roberts syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000012474 Roberts-SC phocomelia syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001655322 Streptomycetales Species 0.000 description 2
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 cblvcine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 2
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007071 enzymatic hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006047 enzymatic hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000037433 frameshift Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010353 genetic engineering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108020004999 messenger RNA Proteins 0.000 description 2
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol Natural products OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001323 posttranslational effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019833 protease Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002797 proteolythic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006337 proteolytic cleavage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004076 pulp bleaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052704 radon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N radon atom Chemical group [Rn] SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012289 standard assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001974 tryptic soy broth Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001515965 unidentified phage Species 0.000 description 2
- 108091032973 (ribonucleotides)n+m Proteins 0.000 description 1
- JCSJTDYCNQHPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20-hydroxyecdysone 2,3-acetonide Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)COC1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(O)OC2)O)OC1 JCSJTDYCNQHPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTJIUGUIPKRLHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 BTJIUGUIPKRLHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000186046 Actinomyces Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000007469 Actins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010085238 Actins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108020005544 Antisense RNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100541106 Aspergillus oryzae (strain ATCC 42149 / RIB 40) xlnD gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000223651 Aureobasidium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001057184 Axion Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000194110 Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100032487 Beta-mannosidase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091003079 Bovine Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- YWGAKIGNXGAAQR-DLPAQYCSSA-N C1([C@H]2CC(=O)N[C@@H](CC)C(=O)N3C[C@@H](Cl)[C@@H](Cl)[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N2)=O)CC)=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C1([C@H]2CC(=O)N[C@@H](CC)C(=O)N3C[C@@H](Cl)[C@@H](Cl)[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N2)=O)CC)=CC=CC=C1 YWGAKIGNXGAAQR-DLPAQYCSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000178334 Caldicellulosiruptor Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000186321 Cellulomonas Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000905957 Channa melasoma Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108090000317 Chymotrypsin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000518994 Conta Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001137251 Corvidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000501458 Cultus Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000053602 DNA Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000001712 DNA sequencing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000004163 DNA-directed RNA polymerases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000626 DNA-directed RNA polymerases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920000875 Dissolving pulp Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010042407 Endonucleases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004533 Endonucleases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710108485 Envelope phospholipase F13 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000206602 Eukaryota Species 0.000 description 1
- 101710112457 Exoglucanase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108060002716 Exonuclease Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000192125 Firmicutes Species 0.000 description 1
- 108700028146 Genetic Enhancer Elements Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108700007698 Genetic Terminator Regions Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920001503 Glucan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000003886 Glycoproteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000288 Glycoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004157 Hydrolases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000604 Hydrolases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100429194 Hypocrea jecorina (strain QM6a) xyn2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000003960 Ligases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000364 Ligases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000006142 Luria-Bertani Agar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007993 MOPS buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101710151833 Movement protein TGBp3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100054858 Mus musculus Adam12 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229930193140 Neomycin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- YJQPYGGHQPGBLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Novobiocin Natural products O1C(C)(C)C(OC)C(OC(N)=O)C(O)C1OC1=CC=C(C(O)=C(NC(=O)C=2C=C(CC=C(C)C)C(O)=CC=2)C(=O)O2)C2=C1C YJQPYGGHQPGBLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108700026244 Open Reading Frames Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282320 Panthera leo Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004160 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000608 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150047344 Plaa gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Proline Natural products OC(=O)C1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000589516 Pseudomonas Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006819 RNA synthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108091081062 Repeated sequence (DNA) Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000271569 Rhea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283984 Rodentia Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100127691 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) FAA3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 244000180577 Sambucus australis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000018734 Sambucus australis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000191940 Staphylococcus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000892502 Streptomyces lividans 1326 Species 0.000 description 1
- 101000770839 Streptomyces lividans Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000001744 T-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 241000502253 Talpa occidentalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 108020005038 Terminator Codon Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000186338 Thermoanaerobacter sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000203626 Thermomonosporaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000499912 Trichoderma reesei Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108090000631 Trypsin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004142 Trypsin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101150004141 Vcan gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- OFHCOWSQAMBJIW-AVJTYSNKSA-N alfacalcidol Chemical compound C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C\C=C1\C[C@@H](O)C[C@H](O)C1=C OFHCOWSQAMBJIW-AVJTYSNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003056 antler Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009697 arginine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001484 arginines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010058966 bacteriophage T7 induced DNA polymerase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000013405 beer Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JCSJTDYCNQHPRJ-FDVJSPBESA-N beta-D-Xylp-(1->4)-beta-D-Xylp-(1->4)-D-Xylp Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)C(O)OC2)O)OC1 JCSJTDYCNQHPRJ-FDVJSPBESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010055059 beta-Mannosidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008827 biological function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940098773 bovine serum albumin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000004899 c-terminal region Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- UKLJMHXGZUJRTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;n-cyclohexylsulfamate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S(=O)(=O)NC1CCCCC1.[O-]S(=O)(=O)NC1CCCCC1 UKLJMHXGZUJRTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 244000309466 calf Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 201000009849 cataract 37 Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010089807 chitosanase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002376 chymotrypsin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002299 complementary DNA Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003184 complementary RNA Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012531 culture fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009089 cytolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 101150106284 deoR gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940111685 dibasic potassium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003527 eukaryotic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 102000013165 exonuclease Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013604 expression vector Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000167 fungal chromosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 108020001507 fusion proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000037865 fusion proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000034356 gene-regulatory proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091006104 gene-regulatory proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003147 glycosyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940059442 hemicellulase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002029 lignocellulosic biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009630 liquid culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004890 malting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-VIFPVBQESA-N methamphetamine Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940111688 monobasic potassium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004927 neomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002950 novobiocin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YJQPYGGHQPGBLI-KGSXXDOSSA-N novobiocin Chemical compound O1C(C)(C)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC(N)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1OC1=CC=C(C(O)=C(NC(=O)C=2C=C(CC=C(C)C)C(O)=CC=2)C(=O)O2)C2=C1C YJQPYGGHQPGBLI-KGSXXDOSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012261 overproduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015927 pasta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000003899 penis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000019319 peptone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015108 pies Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013492 plasmid preparation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008488 polyadenylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003705 ribosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- IOVGROKTTNBUGK-SJCJKPOMSA-N ritodrine Chemical compound N([C@@H](C)[C@H](O)C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)CCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IOVGROKTTNBUGK-SJCJKPOMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005001 rutherford backscattering spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N saccharin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C2=C1 CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010187 selection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006152 selective media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013605 shuttle vector Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014621 translational initiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012588 trypsin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007102 tryptic soy broth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006150 trypticase soy agar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010050327 trypticase-soy broth Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000013603 viral vector Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003809 water extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001262 western blot Methods 0.000 description 1
- ABKNGTPZXRUSOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N xylotriose Natural products OCC(OC1OCC(OC2OCC(O)C(O)C2O)C(O)C1O)C(O)C(O)C=O ABKNGTPZXRUSOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/24—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2)
- C12N9/2402—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2) hydrolysing O- and S- glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
- C12N9/2477—Hemicellulases not provided in a preceding group
- C12N9/248—Xylanases
- C12N9/2482—Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase (3.2.1.8)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y302/00—Hydrolases acting on glycosyl compounds, i.e. glycosylases (3.2)
- C12Y302/01—Glycosidases, i.e. enzymes hydrolysing O- and S-glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
- C12Y302/01008—Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase (3.2.1.8)
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2129172 CA2129172C (fr) | 1994-07-29 | 1994-07-29 | Enzymes de xylanase thermostables et methodes d'utilisation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2129172 CA2129172C (fr) | 1994-07-29 | 1994-07-29 | Enzymes de xylanase thermostables et methodes d'utilisation |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2129172A1 CA2129172A1 (fr) | 1996-01-30 |
| CA2129172C true CA2129172C (fr) | 2002-01-01 |
Family
ID=4154086
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2129172 Expired - Lifetime CA2129172C (fr) | 1994-07-29 | 1994-07-29 | Enzymes de xylanase thermostables et methodes d'utilisation |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2129172C (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7018510B2 (en) | 2002-03-21 | 2006-03-28 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research | Process for bio-bleaching of Kraft pulp using bacterial consortia |
| WO2010129287A2 (fr) | 2009-04-27 | 2010-11-11 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Enzymes de dégradation d'hémicellulose |
| FI126512B (fi) * | 2011-03-09 | 2017-01-13 | Nanorefix Oy | Menetelmä ligniinin erottamiseksi kasvimateriaalista ja saatava tuote |
-
1994
- 1994-07-29 CA CA 2129172 patent/CA2129172C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2129172A1 (fr) | 1996-01-30 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US8846364B2 (en) | Method to improve the stability and broaden the pH range of family G/11 xylanases | |
| US6426211B1 (en) | Xylanase derived from a Bacillus species, expression vectors for such xylanase and other proteins, host organisms therefor and use thereof | |
| Chen et al. | Sequencing of a 1, 3-1, 4-beta-D-glucanase (lichenase) from the anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces strain PC-2: properties of the enzyme expressed in Escherichia coli and evidence that the gene has a bacterial origin | |
| Blanco et al. | Cloning, expression in Streptomyces lividans and biochemical characterization of a thermostable endo-β-1, 4-xylanase of Thermomonospora alba UL JB1 with cellulose-binding ability | |
| US5871730A (en) | Thermostable xylanase DNA, protein and methods of use | |
| Zhang et al. | Cloning and expression of a Paecilomyces thermophila xylanase gene in E. coli and characterization of the recombinant xylanase | |
| Brurberg et al. | Chitinases from Serratia marcescens | |
| US5935836A (en) | Actinomadura xylanase sequences and methods of use | |
| WO1995012668A1 (fr) | XYLANASE THERMOSTABLE PROVENANT D'UN GENE DE $i(THERMOMONOSPORA FUSCA) | |
| CA2129172C (fr) | Enzymes de xylanase thermostables et methodes d'utilisation | |
| WO1993025671A1 (fr) | Xylanase recombinante | |
| EP2646545B1 (fr) | ß-PYRANOSIDASE RESITANTE À LA TEMPÉRATURE | |
| CN105695436A (zh) | 耐热性β-木糖苷酶 | |
| Éthier et al. | Cloning of two xylanase genes from the newly isolated actinomycete Actinomadura sp. strain FC7 and characterization of the gene products | |
| Park et al. | Xylanase from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. YC-335 | |
| US8088612B2 (en) | Thermostable cellulase and methods of use | |
| CA2139099A1 (fr) | Cellulases recombinantes | |
| Li et al. | A new type of β-N-acetylglucosaminidase from hydrogen-producing Clostridium paraputrificum M-21 | |
| KR101834493B1 (ko) | 신규 베타-만노시다제 및 이의 생산방법 | |
| Tangthirasunun et al. | The family 36 carbohydrate-binding module of Paenibacillus xylaniclasticus TW1 xylanase: Characterization and recognition in epidermal tissue of sweet potato roots | |
| Khan | Molecular Characterisation of the Xylanolytic System in Phanerochaete chrysosporium | |
| RU2358756C1 (ru) | Способ получения ферментного препарата для расщепления гемицеллюлозных гетерополисахаридов клеточной стенки растений и ферментный препарат (варианты) | |
| Khan et al. | Cloning and expression analysis of two endo-1, 4-β-xylanase genes from Phanerochaete chrysosporium | |
| KR100221204B1 (ko) | Fibrobacter succinogenes S85의 CMC-xylanase 유전자의 염기서열 및 그 유전자의 발현 | |
| US20220186203A1 (en) | Endoglucanase variants with improved properties |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 20140729 |