CA2337536A1 - Reduction des lessivages de nitrates de sols cultives - Google Patents
Reduction des lessivages de nitrates de sols cultives Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2337536A1 CA2337536A1 CA002337536A CA2337536A CA2337536A1 CA 2337536 A1 CA2337536 A1 CA 2337536A1 CA 002337536 A CA002337536 A CA 002337536A CA 2337536 A CA2337536 A CA 2337536A CA 2337536 A1 CA2337536 A1 CA 2337536A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- compounds
- apg
- soil
- fatty
- carbon atoms
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- -1 APG compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 35
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 1-oleoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N glycerol monolinoleate Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 235000008504 concentrate Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003657 drainage water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000972 organotrophic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010665 pine oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZFMSMUAANRJZFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Estragole Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(CC=C)C=C1 ZFMSMUAANRJZFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101150114843 Mgll gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020354 squash Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N (R)-camphor Chemical compound C1C[C@@]2(C)C(=O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001074 1-methoxy-4-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]benzene Substances 0.000 description 1
- DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borneol Chemical compound C1CC2(C)C(O)CC1C2(C)C DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000723346 Cinnamomum camphora Species 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N D-mannopyranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101000576569 Halobacterium salinarum (strain ATCC 700922 / JCM 11081 / NRC-1) 50S ribosomal protein L18 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006136 alcoholysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N alpha-D-galactose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-WDCZJNDASA-N arabinose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-WDCZJNDASA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N arabinose Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-Pyranose-Lyxose Natural products OC1COC(O)C(O)C1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930008380 camphor Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229960000846 camphor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004401 flow injection analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930182830 galactose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930182478 glucoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000003898 horticulture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005445 natural material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen(.) Chemical compound [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RUVINXPYWBROJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-methoxyphenyl Natural products COC1=CC=C(C=CC)C=C1 RUVINXPYWBROJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003359 percent control normalization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001863 plant nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Inorganic materials [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011321 prophylaxis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940116411 terpineol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RUVINXPYWBROJD-ONEGZZNKSA-N trans-anethole Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(\C=C\C)C=C1 RUVINXPYWBROJD-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/70—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting wettability, e.g. drying agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/50—Surfactants; Emulsifiers
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention concerne des composés tensioactifs écologiques de la classe des composés alkyl(oligo)hétérosides de type aqueux (composés APG). On les applique à la surface de la terre comme auxiliaire afin d'empêcher les lessivages de nitrates issus de la zone de la racine des plantes dans les sols cultivés lors de l'irrigation par la pluie et/ou lors de l'arrosage de ces sols. On applique sur les sols, de préférence, des composés APG associés à des groupes hydrocarbures lipophiles saturés et/ou oléfiniquement insaturés et aussi des composés organiques biodégradables par aérobie comme par anaérobie.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19830887.6 | 1998-07-10 | ||
| DE19830887A DE19830887A1 (de) | 1998-07-10 | 1998-07-10 | Reduktion der Nitrat-Auswaschung aus Kulturböden |
| PCT/EP1999/004532 WO2000002833A1 (fr) | 1998-07-10 | 1999-07-01 | Reduction des lessivages de nitrates de sols cultives |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2337536A1 true CA2337536A1 (fr) | 2000-01-20 |
Family
ID=7873581
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002337536A Abandoned CA2337536A1 (fr) | 1998-07-10 | 1999-07-01 | Reduction des lessivages de nitrates de sols cultives |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1097114A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2002520246A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20010053467A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN1308595A (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU4903499A (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR9911982A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2337536A1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE19830887A1 (fr) |
| HU (1) | HUP0105436A2 (fr) |
| MX (1) | MXPA01000272A (fr) |
| PL (1) | PL345490A1 (fr) |
| TR (1) | TR200100057T2 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2000002833A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014169175A1 (fr) * | 2013-04-12 | 2014-10-16 | Metbro Distributing L.P. | Compositions de pesticide cyanamide métabolisables par le sol |
| US10455839B2 (en) | 2015-11-09 | 2019-10-29 | Metbro Distributing Lp | Pre-plant biocide uses of aqueous cyanamides |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB0913760D0 (en) * | 2009-08-06 | 2009-09-16 | Rothamsted Res Ltd | A method of reducing nitrate leaching from soil |
| AU2018359990A1 (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2020-05-14 | Specialty Operations France | Fertilizer composition |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1993003112A1 (fr) * | 1991-08-02 | 1993-02-18 | Ronald Peter Hansen | Solution pour l'irrigation des racines de plantes |
| US5385750A (en) * | 1992-05-14 | 1995-01-31 | Henkel Corporation | Alkyl glycoside compositions with improved wetting properties |
| US5356861A (en) * | 1993-11-19 | 1994-10-18 | Cenex/Land O'lakes Agronomy Company | Homogenous herbicidal adjuvant blend comprising glyphosate, ammonium sulfate, and alkyl polysaccharide |
| US5770543A (en) * | 1996-09-06 | 1998-06-23 | Henkel Corporation | Agricultural compositions comprising alkyl polyglycosides and fatty acids |
| WO1998039273A1 (fr) * | 1997-03-07 | 1998-09-11 | Aquatrols Corporation Of America Inc. | Engrais hydrosoluble pleinement compatible impregne de tensioactifs, son concentre, et son procede d'utilisation |
| DE19748884A1 (de) * | 1997-11-06 | 1999-05-20 | Henkel Kgaa | Fließfähige Mehrkomponentengemische zur Wachstumsförderung der Erdreich-Mikroorganismenflora und ihre Anwendung |
-
1998
- 1998-07-10 DE DE19830887A patent/DE19830887A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-07-01 PL PL99345490A patent/PL345490A1/xx unknown
- 1999-07-01 KR KR1020017000369A patent/KR20010053467A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-07-01 CA CA002337536A patent/CA2337536A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1999-07-01 CN CN99808365A patent/CN1308595A/zh active Pending
- 1999-07-01 EP EP99932766A patent/EP1097114A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-07-01 TR TR2001/00057T patent/TR200100057T2/xx unknown
- 1999-07-01 HU HU0105436A patent/HUP0105436A2/hu unknown
- 1999-07-01 JP JP2000559067A patent/JP2002520246A/ja active Pending
- 1999-07-01 WO PCT/EP1999/004532 patent/WO2000002833A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1999-07-01 MX MXPA01000272A patent/MXPA01000272A/es unknown
- 1999-07-01 BR BR9911982-0A patent/BR9911982A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-07-01 AU AU49034/99A patent/AU4903499A/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014169175A1 (fr) * | 2013-04-12 | 2014-10-16 | Metbro Distributing L.P. | Compositions de pesticide cyanamide métabolisables par le sol |
| US10455839B2 (en) | 2015-11-09 | 2019-10-29 | Metbro Distributing Lp | Pre-plant biocide uses of aqueous cyanamides |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1308595A (zh) | 2001-08-15 |
| KR20010053467A (ko) | 2001-06-25 |
| AU4903499A (en) | 2000-02-01 |
| EP1097114A1 (fr) | 2001-05-09 |
| HUP0105436A2 (hu) | 2002-05-29 |
| HU0105436D0 (fr) | 2002-05-29 |
| JP2002520246A (ja) | 2002-07-09 |
| WO2000002833A1 (fr) | 2000-01-20 |
| DE19830887A1 (de) | 2000-01-13 |
| MXPA01000272A (es) | 2002-10-17 |
| TR200100057T2 (tr) | 2001-05-21 |
| BR9911982A (pt) | 2001-03-27 |
| PL345490A1 (en) | 2001-12-17 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |