CA2361027C - Scaffolding wedge clamp - Google Patents
Scaffolding wedge clamp Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2361027C CA2361027C CA 2361027 CA2361027A CA2361027C CA 2361027 C CA2361027 C CA 2361027C CA 2361027 CA2361027 CA 2361027 CA 2361027 A CA2361027 A CA 2361027A CA 2361027 C CA2361027 C CA 2361027C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- clamp
- wedge
- central body
- arm
- ball
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G7/00—Connections between parts of the scaffold
- E04G7/02—Connections between parts of the scaffold with separate coupling elements
- E04G7/06—Stiff scaffolding clamps for connecting scaffold members of common shape
- E04G7/12—Clamps or clips for crossing members
- E04G7/14—Clamps or clips for crossing members for clamping the members independently
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B2/00—Friction-grip releasable fastenings
- F16B2/02—Clamps, i.e. with gripping action effected by positive means other than the inherent resistance to deformation of the material of the fastening
- F16B2/06—Clamps, i.e. with gripping action effected by positive means other than the inherent resistance to deformation of the material of the fastening external, i.e. with contracting action
- F16B2/10—Clamps, i.e. with gripping action effected by positive means other than the inherent resistance to deformation of the material of the fastening external, i.e. with contracting action using pivoting jaws
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B2/00—Friction-grip releasable fastenings
- F16B2/02—Clamps, i.e. with gripping action effected by positive means other than the inherent resistance to deformation of the material of the fastening
- F16B2/14—Clamps, i.e. with gripping action effected by positive means other than the inherent resistance to deformation of the material of the fastening using wedges
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B7/00—Connections of rods or tubes, e.g. of non-circular section, mutually, including resilient connections
- F16B7/04—Clamping or clipping connections
- F16B7/044—Clamping or clipping connections for rods or tubes being in angled relationship
- F16B7/048—Clamping or clipping connections for rods or tubes being in angled relationship for rods or for tubes without using the innerside thereof
- F16B7/0493—Clamping or clipping connections for rods or tubes being in angled relationship for rods or for tubes without using the innerside thereof forming a crossed-over connection
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)
- Clamps And Clips (AREA)
Abstract
A two-way wedge clamp used in the construction of scaffolding, each clamp comprising a pivoting clamp arm and a locking arm with a ball and socket joint, said arm pivoting clamp arm and locking arm being attached to a central body.
Description
SCAFFOLDING WEDGE CLAMP
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a two-way clamp for holding two pipes perpendicular to each other, especially where the two pipes form part of a scaffolding framework.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Scaffolding clamps are two-way clamps designed to secure scaffolding pipes at right angles to each other. As the pipes are key weight-bearing structural elements, it is essential that they be firmly linked together. Scaffolding clamps typically consist of a central body to which is attached two clamps. The clamps are oriented at right angles to each other such that each clamp can encircle a pipe, keeping the two pipes locked in position.
Two common types of scaffolding clamps are bolt clamps and wedge clamps. Bolt clamps consist of a central body with two hinged clamping arms. Each clamping arm is attached to one end of the central body with a hinge, and to the other end of the central body with a bolt.
The clamps are closed by passing the bolt through a hole in the clamping arm, and tightening a nut to prevent the clamping arm from'slipping off the bolt. The installation of a bolt clamp is a labour-intensive task, requiring the tightening of each nut with a wrench.
Wedge clamps, by contrast, are much more easily fastened. Wedge clamps consist of two clamping arms hinged to a central body, and may also include two locking arms.
The clamps are closed when the free end of the clamping arm swings over and is secured to the central body or to the locking arm. A wedge is attached to each clamping arm or locking arm such that the wedge may be slid up and down when the clamp is in an open position.
The clamping arm may be forked at its free end, allowing a portion of the central body or the locking arm to pass between the prongs of the forks when the clamp is closed.
To secure the clamp in a closed position, the wedge is manoeuvred so that it is perpendicular to the axis of the clamping arm. Once this is done, the clamping arm cannot open because its path is blocked by the wedge.
In order to use this type of clamp, the clamping arm is closed and the wedge simply hammered into place. To allow for better manoeuverability in situations where space is lacking, the wedge clamp may be designed to allow for the wedge to be hammered home in either direction, such that the end of the wedge is pointing to either end of the pipe. This is seen, for example, in Canadian Patent Nos. 533,916 and 571,181, both to Elly Estie et al.
Canadian Patent No. 533,916 discloses two clamps attached to each other cross-wise.
Each clamp is composed of a pronged clamping strap, and a clamping part. The clamping part has an eye which fits between the prongs of the clamping strap, and a slotted wedge which passes through the eye.
Canadian Patent No. 571,181 discloses two clamps attached to each other cross-wise.
Each clamp is composed of a pronged clamping strap, and a clamping part. The clamping part has a hole through which passes a bolt having a T-head. Through the bottom end of the bolt is a slot through which passes a wedge. The bolt fits between the prongs of the clamping strap, and may be rotated so that the T-head is at 90° to the prongs.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to an improved two-way clamp for holding two pipes in position perpendicular to each other. The core of the clamp is a central body made from a metal such as cast iron. Two concavities are located one on each side of the central body, offset at 90° to each other. A semi-sphere-shaped socket features a wide slot, and is located at one end of each concavity.
Each clamp comprises a pivoting clamp arm and a locking arm. The pivoting clamp arm is hinged to the central body, at the opposite end of the concavity from the socket. A locking arm has a ball at one end and a narrow rectangular slot at the other end. The ball is permanently located inside the socket, as it is too wide to be removed via the wide slot. This ball and socket joint allows the locking arm to swivel. A wedge fits through the narrow rectangular slot. The wedge has a small bolt at its narrow end, which prevents the wedge from sliding out of the slot. The wide end of the wedge is wider than the narrow rectangular slot, which prevents the wedge from sliding out in the other direction.
The pivoting clamp arm and central body concavities may be lined with ridges designed to encircle the pipe, preventing it from slipping. The pivoting clamp arm is equipped with two notched prongs. When the locking arm is manipulated into the closed position it fits between the prongs. The locking arm then swivels so that the wedge is oriented perpendicularly to the pivoting clamp arm. Th wedge fits into the notches, and when the wedge is hammered down, the notches block any movement of the wedge towards the end of the prongs. Accordingly, when the wedge is fitted into to the notches, the clamp cannot open.
In a broad aspect, the present invention relates to a two-way clamp comprising: a central body having two 90° offset concavities and two semi-sphere shaped sockets; two hinged pivoting clamp arms attached to said central body; and two swivelling locking arms each having a ball-shaped end which fits into one of said sockets in the central body, thereby to define a pair of ball and socket joints on said central body and said locking arms each contain a slot through which fits a captive wedge.
Because the locking arm swivels via a ball and socket joint, the wedge may be hammered home in either direction (i.e. with the arrow end facing either end of the pipe). The ball and socket joint also allows for greater flexibility and ease in manipulating the locking arm and wedge prior to closing the clamp.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the clamp in a closed position.
Figure 2 is a perspective view of the clamp in an opened position.
Figure 3 is a side view of the clamp in a closed position.
Figure 4 is a side view of the clamp in a closed position.
Figure 5 is a side view of the clamp in a closed position.
Figure 6 is a side view of the clamp in a closed position.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a two-way clamp for holding two pipes perpendicular to each other, especially where the two pipes form part of a scaffolding framework.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Scaffolding clamps are two-way clamps designed to secure scaffolding pipes at right angles to each other. As the pipes are key weight-bearing structural elements, it is essential that they be firmly linked together. Scaffolding clamps typically consist of a central body to which is attached two clamps. The clamps are oriented at right angles to each other such that each clamp can encircle a pipe, keeping the two pipes locked in position.
Two common types of scaffolding clamps are bolt clamps and wedge clamps. Bolt clamps consist of a central body with two hinged clamping arms. Each clamping arm is attached to one end of the central body with a hinge, and to the other end of the central body with a bolt.
The clamps are closed by passing the bolt through a hole in the clamping arm, and tightening a nut to prevent the clamping arm from'slipping off the bolt. The installation of a bolt clamp is a labour-intensive task, requiring the tightening of each nut with a wrench.
Wedge clamps, by contrast, are much more easily fastened. Wedge clamps consist of two clamping arms hinged to a central body, and may also include two locking arms.
The clamps are closed when the free end of the clamping arm swings over and is secured to the central body or to the locking arm. A wedge is attached to each clamping arm or locking arm such that the wedge may be slid up and down when the clamp is in an open position.
The clamping arm may be forked at its free end, allowing a portion of the central body or the locking arm to pass between the prongs of the forks when the clamp is closed.
To secure the clamp in a closed position, the wedge is manoeuvred so that it is perpendicular to the axis of the clamping arm. Once this is done, the clamping arm cannot open because its path is blocked by the wedge.
In order to use this type of clamp, the clamping arm is closed and the wedge simply hammered into place. To allow for better manoeuverability in situations where space is lacking, the wedge clamp may be designed to allow for the wedge to be hammered home in either direction, such that the end of the wedge is pointing to either end of the pipe. This is seen, for example, in Canadian Patent Nos. 533,916 and 571,181, both to Elly Estie et al.
Canadian Patent No. 533,916 discloses two clamps attached to each other cross-wise.
Each clamp is composed of a pronged clamping strap, and a clamping part. The clamping part has an eye which fits between the prongs of the clamping strap, and a slotted wedge which passes through the eye.
Canadian Patent No. 571,181 discloses two clamps attached to each other cross-wise.
Each clamp is composed of a pronged clamping strap, and a clamping part. The clamping part has a hole through which passes a bolt having a T-head. Through the bottom end of the bolt is a slot through which passes a wedge. The bolt fits between the prongs of the clamping strap, and may be rotated so that the T-head is at 90° to the prongs.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to an improved two-way clamp for holding two pipes in position perpendicular to each other. The core of the clamp is a central body made from a metal such as cast iron. Two concavities are located one on each side of the central body, offset at 90° to each other. A semi-sphere-shaped socket features a wide slot, and is located at one end of each concavity.
Each clamp comprises a pivoting clamp arm and a locking arm. The pivoting clamp arm is hinged to the central body, at the opposite end of the concavity from the socket. A locking arm has a ball at one end and a narrow rectangular slot at the other end. The ball is permanently located inside the socket, as it is too wide to be removed via the wide slot. This ball and socket joint allows the locking arm to swivel. A wedge fits through the narrow rectangular slot. The wedge has a small bolt at its narrow end, which prevents the wedge from sliding out of the slot. The wide end of the wedge is wider than the narrow rectangular slot, which prevents the wedge from sliding out in the other direction.
The pivoting clamp arm and central body concavities may be lined with ridges designed to encircle the pipe, preventing it from slipping. The pivoting clamp arm is equipped with two notched prongs. When the locking arm is manipulated into the closed position it fits between the prongs. The locking arm then swivels so that the wedge is oriented perpendicularly to the pivoting clamp arm. Th wedge fits into the notches, and when the wedge is hammered down, the notches block any movement of the wedge towards the end of the prongs. Accordingly, when the wedge is fitted into to the notches, the clamp cannot open.
In a broad aspect, the present invention relates to a two-way clamp comprising: a central body having two 90° offset concavities and two semi-sphere shaped sockets; two hinged pivoting clamp arms attached to said central body; and two swivelling locking arms each having a ball-shaped end which fits into one of said sockets in the central body, thereby to define a pair of ball and socket joints on said central body and said locking arms each contain a slot through which fits a captive wedge.
Because the locking arm swivels via a ball and socket joint, the wedge may be hammered home in either direction (i.e. with the arrow end facing either end of the pipe). The ball and socket joint also allows for greater flexibility and ease in manipulating the locking arm and wedge prior to closing the clamp.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the clamp in a closed position.
Figure 2 is a perspective view of the clamp in an opened position.
Figure 3 is a side view of the clamp in a closed position.
Figure 4 is a side view of the clamp in a closed position.
Figure 5 is a side view of the clamp in a closed position.
Figure 6 is a side view of the clamp in a closed position.
r-Figure 7 is a top view of the clamp in a closed position.
Figure 8 is a bottom view of the clamp in a closed position.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Referring to Figure 1, the central body (11) is a single iron casting with two 90° offset concavities to accommodate scaffolding pipes. A semi-sphere-shaped socket (6) is located on one end of each concavity, said socket having a wide slot. Two cast iron pivoting clamp arms (7) are attached with hinges (10) to the central body (11 ) at opposite ends of the 4a concavities from the sockets (6). Along the inside curve of the pivoting clamp arms and concavities ridges (9), knurls, or other gripping surface modifications may be located. At the end of each pivoting clamp arm are two prongs (12), each with a small notch (8). A cast iron locking arm (3) has a ball (5) on one end. The locking arm extends through the socket slot into the socket (6). The ball (5) is therefore permanently fixed inside the socket, as said socket slot is too narrow for the ball to slide through it. At the other end of the locking arm (3) is a narrow rectangular slot (4) into which fits a wedge (1 ). At the narrow end (13) of the wedge (1 ) is a small bolt (2) to prevent the wedge from slipping out of the slot (4).
In order to close the clamp, the central body concavity (11 ) and pivoting clamp arm (7) are closed around a pipe. The wedge is pulled up so that the narrow end (13) of the wedge (1) is at the level of the slot (4). The locking arm (3) is then pulled through the prongs (12) of the pivoting clamp arm (7). The locking arm (3) is swivelled so that the wedge (1 ) is oriented at 90° to the pivoting clamp arm (7). To secure the clamp, the wedge (1 ) is then dropped down, and hammered into place as far as it will go. Once the wedge (1) is in place, it links the pivoting clamp arm (7) and the locking arm (3) together, so that the clamp cannot open. The wedge (1 ) is flush with the notches (8) and cannot slide past them.
The disclosed embodiment is simply a preferred embodiment; numerous modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, the clamp may be made from other materials such as forged iron, steel, brass or bronze.
Figure 8 is a bottom view of the clamp in a closed position.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Referring to Figure 1, the central body (11) is a single iron casting with two 90° offset concavities to accommodate scaffolding pipes. A semi-sphere-shaped socket (6) is located on one end of each concavity, said socket having a wide slot. Two cast iron pivoting clamp arms (7) are attached with hinges (10) to the central body (11 ) at opposite ends of the 4a concavities from the sockets (6). Along the inside curve of the pivoting clamp arms and concavities ridges (9), knurls, or other gripping surface modifications may be located. At the end of each pivoting clamp arm are two prongs (12), each with a small notch (8). A cast iron locking arm (3) has a ball (5) on one end. The locking arm extends through the socket slot into the socket (6). The ball (5) is therefore permanently fixed inside the socket, as said socket slot is too narrow for the ball to slide through it. At the other end of the locking arm (3) is a narrow rectangular slot (4) into which fits a wedge (1 ). At the narrow end (13) of the wedge (1 ) is a small bolt (2) to prevent the wedge from slipping out of the slot (4).
In order to close the clamp, the central body concavity (11 ) and pivoting clamp arm (7) are closed around a pipe. The wedge is pulled up so that the narrow end (13) of the wedge (1) is at the level of the slot (4). The locking arm (3) is then pulled through the prongs (12) of the pivoting clamp arm (7). The locking arm (3) is swivelled so that the wedge (1 ) is oriented at 90° to the pivoting clamp arm (7). To secure the clamp, the wedge (1 ) is then dropped down, and hammered into place as far as it will go. Once the wedge (1) is in place, it links the pivoting clamp arm (7) and the locking arm (3) together, so that the clamp cannot open. The wedge (1 ) is flush with the notches (8) and cannot slide past them.
The disclosed embodiment is simply a preferred embodiment; numerous modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, the clamp may be made from other materials such as forged iron, steel, brass or bronze.
Claims (3)
1. A two-way clamp comprising:
a central body having two 90° offset concavities and two semi-sphere shaped sockets;
two hinged pivoting clamp arms attached to said central body; and two swivelling locking arms each having a ball-shaped end which fits into one of said sockets in the central body, thereby to define a pair of ball and socket joints on said central body and said locking arms each contain a slot through which fits a captive wedge.
a central body having two 90° offset concavities and two semi-sphere shaped sockets;
two hinged pivoting clamp arms attached to said central body; and two swivelling locking arms each having a ball-shaped end which fits into one of said sockets in the central body, thereby to define a pair of ball and socket joints on said central body and said locking arms each contain a slot through which fits a captive wedge.
2. A two-way clamp as claimed in claim 1, wherein said clamp arms are oriented perpendicularly to each other.
3. A two-way clamp as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said offset concavities and said pivoting clamp arms are lined with ridges.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2361027 CA2361027C (en) | 2001-11-05 | 2001-11-05 | Scaffolding wedge clamp |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2361027 CA2361027C (en) | 2001-11-05 | 2001-11-05 | Scaffolding wedge clamp |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2361027A1 CA2361027A1 (en) | 2003-05-05 |
| CA2361027C true CA2361027C (en) | 2007-01-09 |
Family
ID=4170422
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2361027 Expired - Fee Related CA2361027C (en) | 2001-11-05 | 2001-11-05 | Scaffolding wedge clamp |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2361027C (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104329335A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-02-04 | 无锡市安捷脚手架有限公司 | Connecting structure capable of being easily assembled and locked |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2931216A1 (en) * | 2008-05-19 | 2009-11-20 | Sodeca Soc Par Actions Simplif | Connecting flange for forming griping device in automobile industry, has two jaws articulated around pivoting axis for being movable between open position and closed position in which housing holds carrier element by toe-in length |
| EP2505741A1 (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2012-10-03 | Marcegaglia Buildtech S.R.L | Joint for installation of scaffolding tubes, and scaffold comprising said joint |
| JP5638501B2 (en) * | 2011-10-27 | 2014-12-10 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Handle switch |
| FR3018335B1 (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2017-03-17 | Yves Masclet | LIAISON COLLAR FOR TUBES |
| CH709391A1 (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2015-09-30 | Mägert & Co Innovation | Fastening device for Bauverschalungen, mounting arrangement with such and methods for assembly and disassembly of a Bauverschalungen. |
| CN107061441A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-08-18 | 熊静 | A kind of building pipe cross connecting piece without screw |
| DK180138B1 (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2020-06-18 | Handels- Og Produktionsselskabet Ven-Po A/S | Fencing System |
| IT201900007470A1 (en) | 2019-05-30 | 2020-11-30 | Sartor Giuliano & C S A S | THREE-DIMENSIONAL JOINT FOR TUBULAR STRUCTURES AND ITS SYSTEM OF USE |
-
2001
- 2001-11-05 CA CA 2361027 patent/CA2361027C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104329335A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-02-04 | 无锡市安捷脚手架有限公司 | Connecting structure capable of being easily assembled and locked |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2361027A1 (en) | 2003-05-05 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20171106 |