CA2373902A1 - Utilisation d'uva pour neutraliser la fluorescence sur des materiaux en fibres textiles traites - Google Patents
Utilisation d'uva pour neutraliser la fluorescence sur des materiaux en fibres textiles traites Download PDFInfo
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- CA2373902A1 CA2373902A1 CA002373902A CA2373902A CA2373902A1 CA 2373902 A1 CA2373902 A1 CA 2373902A1 CA 002373902 A CA002373902 A CA 002373902A CA 2373902 A CA2373902 A CA 2373902A CA 2373902 A1 CA2373902 A1 CA 2373902A1
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- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004473 Threonine Substances 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Valine Natural products CC(C)C(N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000318 alkali metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 150000008366 benzophenones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003354 benzotriazolyl group Chemical class N1N=NC2=C1C=CC=C2* 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001045 blue dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000085 cashmere Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MGNCLNQXLYJVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanuric chloride Chemical compound ClC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1 MGNCLNQXLYJVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteine Natural products SCC(N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000018417 cysteine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003067 cystine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960000415 diiodotyrosine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- PMMYEEVYMWASQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dl-hydroxyproline Natural products OC1C[NH2+]C(C([O-])=O)C1 PMMYEEVYMWASQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001484 edetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RIFGWPKJUGCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl chloroformate Chemical compound CCOC(Cl)=O RIFGWPKJUGCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-aminobutyric acid Chemical compound NCCCC(O)=O BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N histidine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002591 hydroxyproline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoleucine Natural products CCC(C)C(N)C(O)=O AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000310 isoleucine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002531 isophthalic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- DWPCPZJAHOETAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso-lanthionine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CSCC(N)C(O)=O DWPCPZJAHOETAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 210000000050 mohair Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960003104 ornithine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L persulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-] JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylalanine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- DNXIASIHZYFFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazoline Chemical compound C1CN=NC1 DNXIASIHZYFFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019351 sodium silicates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium;oxido carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OC([O-])=O MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- FRPJTGXMTIIFIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraacetylethylenediamine Chemical compound CC(=O)C(N)(C(C)=O)C(N)(C(C)=O)C(C)=O FRPJTGXMTIIFIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M thionine Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N)=CC=C3N=C21 ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical class CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FGMPLJWBKKVCDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-L-hydroxy-proline Natural products ON1CCCC1C(O)=O FGMPLJWBKKVCDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010023 transfer printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001226 triphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I triphosphate(5-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 229960004418 trolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tyrosine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004474 valine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
- D06M13/402—Amides imides, sulfamic acids
- D06M13/405—Acylated polyalkylene polyamines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/83—Mixtures of non-ionic with anionic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/3719—Polyamides or polyimides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/3723—Polyamines or polyalkyleneimines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
- C11D3/3902—Organic or inorganic per-compounds combined with specific additives
- C11D3/3905—Bleach activators or bleach catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/40—Dyes ; Pigments
- C11D3/42—Brightening agents ; Blueing agents
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
- D06M13/35—Heterocyclic compounds
- D06M13/355—Heterocyclic compounds having six-membered heterocyclic rings
- D06M13/358—Triazines
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/02—Natural fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/04—Vegetal fibres
- D06M2101/06—Vegetal fibres cellulosic
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention concerne un procédé permettant de neutraliser (désactiver) l'effet des agents de blanchiment fluorescents sur des matériaux en fibres textiles cellulosiques avant, pendant ou après le traitement au moyen d'agents de blanchiment fluorescents, par l'application de certains agents d'absorption ultraviolets (UVA) à base de triazine, de préférence, ceux de la formule (10) ci-dessous, dans laquelle M, n¿1?, n¿2?, R¿9? et R¿10? sont définis tels que dans la revendication n·2. L'invention concerne également les matériaux ainsi traités ainsi que des procédés de décontamination de l'eau recyclée de blanchisserie industrielle et de dispositifs de fabrication à base de détergents, contenant des agents de blanchiment fluorescents résiduels.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99810515.9 | 1999-06-11 | ||
| EP99810515 | 1999-06-11 | ||
| PCT/EP2000/005039 WO2000077290A2 (fr) | 1999-06-11 | 2000-06-02 | Utilisation d'uva pour neutraliser la fluorescence sur des materiaux en fibres textiles traites |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2373902A1 true CA2373902A1 (fr) | 2000-12-21 |
Family
ID=8242872
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002373902A Abandoned CA2373902A1 (fr) | 1999-06-11 | 2000-06-02 | Utilisation d'uva pour neutraliser la fluorescence sur des materiaux en fibres textiles traites |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1192309A2 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2003502517A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20020019068A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN1365409A (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU5810500A (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR0011494A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2373902A1 (fr) |
| MX (1) | MXPA01012698A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2000077290A2 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108978283A (zh) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-12-11 | 石狮市三益织造染整有限公司 | 一种超薄抗紫外线棉纶面料的制备工艺 |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7425222B2 (en) * | 2002-02-18 | 2008-09-16 | Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corp. | Process for improving the sun protection factor of cellulosic fibre material |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH677167B5 (fr) * | 1985-05-08 | 1991-10-31 | Sandoz Ag | |
| US4950304A (en) * | 1987-10-02 | 1990-08-21 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Process for quenching or suppressing the fluorescence of substrates treated with fluorescent whitening agents |
| PT682145E (pt) * | 1994-05-12 | 2005-01-31 | Ciba Sc Holding Ag | Trtamento textil |
| US5741905A (en) * | 1994-07-23 | 1998-04-21 | Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation | Triazine ultraviolet absorbers useful for improving the sun protection factor of textiles |
| GB9503474D0 (en) * | 1995-02-22 | 1995-04-12 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Compounds and their use |
| GB9611614D0 (en) * | 1996-06-04 | 1996-08-07 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Process for inhibiting the effect of flourescent whitening agents |
| WO1998042685A1 (fr) * | 1997-03-25 | 1998-10-01 | Ciba Specialty Chemicals Holding Inc. | Agents blanchissants fluorescents |
-
2000
- 2000-06-02 MX MXPA01012698A patent/MXPA01012698A/es unknown
- 2000-06-02 WO PCT/EP2000/005039 patent/WO2000077290A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 2000-06-02 EP EP00943756A patent/EP1192309A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-06-02 AU AU58105/00A patent/AU5810500A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-06-02 KR KR1020017015778A patent/KR20020019068A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-06-02 CA CA002373902A patent/CA2373902A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2000-06-02 CN CN00808834A patent/CN1365409A/zh active Pending
- 2000-06-02 BR BR0011494-4A patent/BR0011494A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-06-02 JP JP2001503727A patent/JP2003502517A/ja active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108978283A (zh) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-12-11 | 石狮市三益织造染整有限公司 | 一种超薄抗紫外线棉纶面料的制备工艺 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2000077290A2 (fr) | 2000-12-21 |
| AU5810500A (en) | 2001-01-02 |
| EP1192309A2 (fr) | 2002-04-03 |
| JP2003502517A (ja) | 2003-01-21 |
| CN1365409A (zh) | 2002-08-21 |
| BR0011494A (pt) | 2002-03-05 |
| WO2000077290A3 (fr) | 2001-07-12 |
| MXPA01012698A (es) | 2002-07-02 |
| KR20020019068A (ko) | 2002-03-09 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| FZDE | Dead |