CA2455149C - Methode d'hydrotraitement en continu de sables bitumineux pour produire du petrole brut synthetique a faible indice d'acidite - Google Patents
Methode d'hydrotraitement en continu de sables bitumineux pour produire du petrole brut synthetique a faible indice d'acidite Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2455149C CA2455149C CA002455149A CA2455149A CA2455149C CA 2455149 C CA2455149 C CA 2455149C CA 002455149 A CA002455149 A CA 002455149A CA 2455149 A CA2455149 A CA 2455149A CA 2455149 C CA2455149 C CA 2455149C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- bitumen
- gas
- hydrogen
- hydro
- tan
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 title abstract description 60
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 18
- 239000003027 oil sand Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 160
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical class [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000005608 naphthenic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- WHDPTDWLEKQKKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt molybdenum Chemical compound [Co].[Co].[Mo] WHDPTDWLEKQKKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Mo] DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 24
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 36
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 16
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000006392 deoxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 10
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000010796 Steam-assisted gravity drainage Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011275 tar sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011481 absorbance measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 alkaline earth metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 3
- HNNQYHFROJDYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-ethylcyclohexyl)propanoic acid 3-(3-ethylcyclopentyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound CCC1CCC(CCC(O)=O)C1.CCC1CCC(CCC(O)=O)CC1 HNNQYHFROJDYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical group [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011143 downstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100494355 Mus musculus C1d gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000010757 Reduction Activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYYSIVCCYWZZLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+);dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O KYYSIVCCYWZZLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001867 inorganic solvent Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003049 inorganic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012358 sourcing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007762 w/o emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/002—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal in combination with oil conversion- or refining processes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002455149A CA2455149C (fr) | 2004-01-22 | 2004-01-22 | Methode d'hydrotraitement en continu de sables bitumineux pour produire du petrole brut synthetique a faible indice d'acidite |
| US10/869,955 US20050161371A1 (en) | 2004-01-22 | 2004-06-18 | In-line hydrotreatment process for low TAN synthetic crude oil production from oil sand |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002455149A CA2455149C (fr) | 2004-01-22 | 2004-01-22 | Methode d'hydrotraitement en continu de sables bitumineux pour produire du petrole brut synthetique a faible indice d'acidite |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2455149A1 CA2455149A1 (fr) | 2004-06-15 |
| CA2455149C true CA2455149C (fr) | 2006-04-11 |
Family
ID=32514177
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002455149A Expired - Fee Related CA2455149C (fr) | 2004-01-22 | 2004-01-22 | Methode d'hydrotraitement en continu de sables bitumineux pour produire du petrole brut synthetique a faible indice d'acidite |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20050161371A1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2455149C (fr) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2680878C (fr) * | 2007-03-16 | 2015-07-21 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Procede de production de petrole brut synthetique sur mesure qui optimise le panier de bruts dans des raffineries cibles |
| US8816141B2 (en) * | 2009-08-28 | 2014-08-26 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Reducing hydrogen consumption in hydrotreating of biocomponent feeds |
| CA2732919C (fr) | 2010-03-02 | 2018-12-04 | Meg Energy Corp. | Conversion et elimination optimales d'asphaltenes pour la production d'hydrocarbures lourds |
| US9637689B2 (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2017-05-02 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Process for reducing the total acid number in refinery feedstocks |
| US9150794B2 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2015-10-06 | Meg Energy Corp. | Solvent de-asphalting with cyclonic separation |
| US9200211B2 (en) | 2012-01-17 | 2015-12-01 | Meg Energy Corp. | Low complexity, high yield conversion of heavy hydrocarbons |
| AU2014221152A1 (en) | 2013-02-25 | 2015-09-17 | Meg Energy Corp. | Improved separation of solid asphaltenes from heavy liquid hydrocarbons using novel apparatus and process ("IAS") |
Family Cites Families (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2734019A (en) * | 1956-02-07 | Hydrofining naphthenic lubricating oil | ||
| US2700015A (en) * | 1950-11-10 | 1955-01-18 | Gulf Research Development Co | High pressure fluid hydrogenation process |
| US2921023A (en) * | 1957-05-14 | 1960-01-12 | Pure Oil Co | Removal of naphthenic acids by hydrogenation with a molybdenum oxidesilica alumina catalyst |
| US2912375A (en) * | 1957-12-23 | 1959-11-10 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Hydrogenation of petroleum oils with "shot" size catalyst and regeneration catalyst |
| US3297563A (en) * | 1964-08-17 | 1967-01-10 | Union Oil Co | Treatment of heavy oils in two stages of hydrotreating |
| US3876532A (en) * | 1973-02-27 | 1975-04-08 | Gulf Research Development Co | Method for reducing the total acid number of a middle distillate oil |
| US4557821A (en) * | 1983-08-29 | 1985-12-10 | Gulf Research & Development Company | Heavy oil hydroprocessing |
| US4634519A (en) * | 1985-06-11 | 1987-01-06 | Chevron Research Company | Process for removing naphthenic acids from petroleum distillates |
| US5039398A (en) * | 1990-03-19 | 1991-08-13 | Uop | Elimination of caustic prewash in the fixed bed sweetening of high naphthenic acids hydrocarbons |
| NO303837B1 (no) * | 1994-08-29 | 1998-09-07 | Norske Stats Oljeselskap | FremgangsmÕte for Õ fjerne hovedsakelig naftensyrer fra en hydrokarbonolje |
| US5820750A (en) * | 1995-02-17 | 1998-10-13 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Thermal decomposition of naphthenic acids |
| EA001973B1 (ru) * | 1997-06-24 | 2001-10-22 | Проусесс Дайнэмикс Инк. | Двухфазный способ гидропереработки |
| US6162350A (en) * | 1997-07-15 | 2000-12-19 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Hydroprocessing using bulk Group VIII/Group VIB catalysts (HEN-9901) |
| US6086751A (en) * | 1997-08-29 | 2000-07-11 | Exxon Research And Engineering Co | Thermal process for reducing total acid number of crude oil |
| US5910242A (en) * | 1997-08-29 | 1999-06-08 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Process for reduction of total acid number in crude oil |
| US5897769A (en) * | 1997-08-29 | 1999-04-27 | Exxon Research And Engineering Co. | Process for selectively removing lower molecular weight naphthenic acids from acidic crudes |
| US5928501A (en) * | 1998-02-03 | 1999-07-27 | Texaco Inc. | Process for upgrading a hydrocarbon oil |
| US5985137A (en) * | 1998-02-26 | 1999-11-16 | Unipure Corporation | Process to upgrade crude oils by destruction of naphthenic acids, removal of sulfur and removal of salts |
| US6096196A (en) * | 1998-03-27 | 2000-08-01 | Exxon Research And Engineering Co. | Removal of naphthenic acids in crude oils and distillates |
| US5961821A (en) * | 1998-03-27 | 1999-10-05 | Exxon Research And Engineering Co | Removal of naphthenic acids in crude oils and distillates |
| US5968346A (en) * | 1998-09-16 | 1999-10-19 | Exxon Research And Engineering Co. | Two stage hydroprocessing with vapor-liquid interstage contacting for vapor heteroatom removal |
| US6281328B1 (en) * | 1999-08-06 | 2001-08-28 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Process for extraction of naphthenic acids from crudes |
| US6531055B1 (en) * | 2000-04-18 | 2003-03-11 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Method for reducing the naphthenic acid content of crude oil and fractions |
-
2004
- 2004-01-22 CA CA002455149A patent/CA2455149C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-06-18 US US10/869,955 patent/US20050161371A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20050161371A1 (en) | 2005-07-28 |
| CA2455149A1 (fr) | 2004-06-15 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |