CA2688091C - Composition lubrifiante contenant du soufre, du phosphore et un agent anti-usure sans cendres et agent de modification du frottement contenant une aminene - Google Patents

Composition lubrifiante contenant du soufre, du phosphore et un agent anti-usure sans cendres et agent de modification du frottement contenant une aminene Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2688091C
CA2688091C CA2688091A CA2688091A CA2688091C CA 2688091 C CA2688091 C CA 2688091C CA 2688091 A CA2688091 A CA 2688091A CA 2688091 A CA2688091 A CA 2688091A CA 2688091 C CA2688091 C CA 2688091C
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Canada
Prior art keywords
lubricating composition
amine
lubricating
antiwear agent
friction modifier
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CA2688091A
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English (en)
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CA2688091A1 (fr
Inventor
Jody Kocsis
Patrick E. Mosier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lubrizol Corp
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Lubrizol Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lubrizol Corp filed Critical Lubrizol Corp
Publication of CA2688091A1 publication Critical patent/CA2688091A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2688091C publication Critical patent/CA2688091C/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/06—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic nitrogen-containing compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/028—Overbased salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/26—Overbased carboxylic acid salts
    • C10M2207/262—Overbased carboxylic acid salts derived from hydroxy substituted aromatic acids, e.g. salicylates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
    • C10M2207/288—Partial esters containing free carboxyl groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
    • C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/08—Amides [having hydrocarbon substituents containing less than thirty carbon atoms]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/08—Amides [having hydrocarbon substituents containing less than thirty carbon atoms]
    • C10M2215/082—Amides [having hydrocarbon substituents containing less than thirty carbon atoms] containing hydroxyl groups; Alkoxylated derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/086—Imides [having hydrocarbon substituents containing less than thirty carbon atoms]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
    • C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/046—Overbased sulfonic acid salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/12—Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
    • C10N2030/42—Phosphor free or low phosphor content compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
    • C10N2030/43—Sulfur free or low sulfur content compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
    • C10N2030/45—Ash-less or low ash content
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/54—Fuel economy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une composition lubrifiante contenant une huile présentant une viscosité de lubrification, un agent de modification du frottement contenant une amine et un agent anti-usure sans cendres. La composition lubrifiante est appropriée pour lubrifier un moteur à combustion interne.
CA2688091A 2007-05-24 2008-05-15 Composition lubrifiante contenant du soufre, du phosphore et un agent anti-usure sans cendres et agent de modification du frottement contenant une aminene Active CA2688091C (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US93995207P 2007-05-24 2007-05-24
US60/939,952 2007-05-24
PCT/US2008/063653 WO2008147700A1 (fr) 2007-05-24 2008-05-15 Composition lubrifiante contenant du soufre, du phosphore et un agent anti-usure sans cendres et un agent de modification du frottement contenant une amine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2688091A1 CA2688091A1 (fr) 2008-12-04
CA2688091C true CA2688091C (fr) 2015-04-14

Family

ID=39595597

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA2688091A Active CA2688091C (fr) 2007-05-24 2008-05-15 Composition lubrifiante contenant du soufre, du phosphore et un agent anti-usure sans cendres et agent de modification du frottement contenant une aminene

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20100093573A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2160453B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2010528154A (fr)
CA (1) CA2688091C (fr)
WO (1) WO2008147700A1 (fr)

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AU2009342167B2 (en) * 2008-03-19 2014-02-20 The Lubrizol Corporation Antiwear composition and method of lubricating driveline device
CN102272275B (zh) 2008-11-05 2015-02-04 卢布里佐尔公司 润滑内燃机的方法
CN101945981A (zh) * 2008-12-05 2011-01-12 卢布里佐尔公司 用于改进的燃料效率的船用柴油机气缸润滑剂
EP2367917A1 (fr) * 2008-12-09 2011-09-28 The Lubrizol Corporation Composition lubrifiante contenant un composé issu d'un acide hydroxycarboxylique
JP5480259B2 (ja) * 2009-03-10 2014-04-23 ザ ルブリゾル コーポレイション 動力伝達系路デバイスを潤滑する、耐摩耗組成物および方法
EP2438147B1 (fr) 2009-06-04 2018-08-08 The Lubrizol Corporation Polymethacrylate comme vi modificateur de viscosité
KR101725568B1 (ko) 2009-06-04 2017-04-10 더루우브리졸코오포레이션 마찰 조정제와 점도 조정제를 함유하는 윤활 조성물
PL2467460T3 (pl) 2009-08-18 2014-05-30 Lubrizol Corp Kompozycja smarująca zawierająca środek przeciwzużyciowy
KR20120090042A (ko) * 2009-08-18 2012-08-16 더루우브리졸코오포레이션 내마모 조성물 및 동력전달장치를 윤활처리하는 방법
US20130324448A1 (en) 2012-05-08 2013-12-05 The Lubrizol Corporation Antiwear Composition and Method of Lubricating Driveline Device
WO2011042552A1 (fr) * 2009-10-09 2011-04-14 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Composition lubrifiante
BR112012012893A2 (pt) 2009-11-30 2017-06-20 Lubrizol Corp misturas estabilizadoras que contêm modificadores de fricção.
US20120309657A1 (en) 2009-12-14 2012-12-06 The Lubrizol Corporation Lubricating Composition Containing an Antiwear Agent
CN102884163A (zh) * 2010-03-10 2013-01-16 卢布里佐尔公司 作为润滑剂中的添加剂的钛和钼化合物和络合物
JP5512344B2 (ja) * 2010-03-23 2014-06-04 株式会社Ａｄｅｋａ 内燃機関用潤滑油組成物
UA109139C2 (xx) * 2010-06-25 2015-07-27 Застосування та композиції
CA2809812A1 (fr) 2010-08-31 2012-03-08 The Lubrizol Corporation Composition lubrifiante contenant un agent anti-usure
EP2633009B1 (fr) * 2010-10-26 2016-04-06 Castrol Limited Compositions de carburant et de lubrifiant non aqueuses comprenant des esters d'acides gras d'acides hydroxycarboxyliques et leurs utilisations
CA2822352A1 (fr) 2010-12-21 2012-06-28 The Lubrizol Corporation Composition lubrifiante contenant un detergent
SG191243A1 (en) 2010-12-21 2013-07-31 Lubrizol Corp Lubricating composition containing an antiwear agent
EP2675875B1 (fr) 2011-02-16 2017-09-13 The Lubrizol Corporation Composition lubrifiante pour une transmission cinématique
KR101994372B1 (ko) 2011-10-31 2019-06-28 더루우브리졸코오포레이션 윤활 조성물용 무회분 마찰조정제
US9321979B2 (en) 2012-03-13 2016-04-26 Chemtura Corporation Friction modifier composition for lubricants
US10072230B2 (en) * 2012-05-23 2018-09-11 Chemtura Corporation Method for reducing engine wear with lubricants comprising 2-hydroxyalkylamide friction modifying/anti-wear compositions
EP2864457B1 (fr) 2012-06-20 2017-08-16 Castrol Limited Modificateur de frottement et son utilisations aux lubrifiants et carburants
EP2864458B1 (fr) * 2012-06-20 2017-05-17 Castrol Limited Modificateur de frottement et son utilisations aux lubrifiantes et carburantes
US20140187455A1 (en) * 2012-12-28 2014-07-03 Chevron Oronite LLC Ultra-low saps lubricants for internal combustion engines
CA2913176A1 (fr) * 2013-05-30 2014-12-04 The Lubrizol Corporation Compositions synergiques d'additifs pour des huiles d'engrenages industrielles
CN104419499A (zh) * 2013-08-30 2015-03-18 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种具有极性两端的螺旋高分子摩擦改进剂
JP6776495B2 (ja) * 2015-03-20 2020-10-28 出光興産株式会社 潤滑油組成物
US9879198B2 (en) * 2015-11-25 2018-01-30 Santolubes Llc Low shear strength lubricating fluids
US20190119594A1 (en) 2016-04-20 2019-04-25 The Lubrizol Corporation Lubricant for two-stroke cycle engines
EP3487967B1 (fr) 2016-07-22 2021-04-07 The Lubrizol Corporation Composés borates tétraédriques aliphatiques pour compositions lubrifiantes
US20200032158A1 (en) * 2018-07-24 2020-01-30 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Lubricating oil compositions with engine corrosion protection
JP7331919B2 (ja) * 2019-03-14 2023-08-23 日油株式会社 潤滑油用添加剤、潤滑油用添加剤組成物およびこれらを含有する潤滑油組成物
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US7807611B2 (en) 2004-10-12 2010-10-05 The Lubrizol Corporation Tartaric acid derivatives as fuel economy improvers and antiwear agents in crankcase oils and preparation thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2008147700A1 (fr) 2008-12-04
US20100093573A1 (en) 2010-04-15
CA2688091A1 (fr) 2008-12-04
EP2160453B1 (fr) 2012-07-11
EP2160453A1 (fr) 2010-03-10
JP2010528154A (ja) 2010-08-19

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