CH100791A

CH100791A - Method for increasing the self-induction of electrical conductors.

Info

Publication number: CH100791A
Authority: CH
Inventors: Co Bell Telephon Manufacturing
Original assignee: Bell Telephone Mfg
Priority date: 1916-07-24
Filing date: 1921-03-30
Publication date: 1923-09-01
Also published as: CH100789A

Description

Proc6d6 pour augmenter la self-Indnetion de condneteurs 61oeti-Iques. Oti a constat# depuis longtew-ps que l'effieaeit6 de tran,#mission d'une ligne #lee- trique, telle qu'une ligne t61#phonique, peut kre auginent6e en accroissaritartificiellement Pinductance de son eireuit. Les deux proc6dds suivis ordinairement dans ce but sont pre- miärement l'insertion de distances en distances dans le circuit, de bobines dites de charge, et deuxi#mernent FempIoi tout le long du con- dueteur constituant le circuit d'une enveloppe forrn#e d'un corps magn6tique. Dans ces deux eas, la mati6re titilis6e pour former Je noyau des bobines de charge ou Penveloppe des condueteurs, doit pr6senter certaines cai-aet6- ristiques permettant d'obtenir les r6sultats voulus. Ces caraet6ristiques consistent en une baute r6sistivit6, en une perte par hyst#r6sis extrAmement faible, en une stabilit# magn6- tique ou constance de la perm6abilit# par rapport aux courants de conversation mAme, si des courants intenses sont superposds sur le circuit, et en une perm6abilit6 tr#s 61ev#e pour les faibles forces magn6tisaiites utilis6es. Procedure for increasing the self-indnetion of 61oetic capacitors. It has long been recognized that the transmission efficiency of a power line, such as a telephone line, can be increased by artificially increasing the ductance of its circuit. The two procedures usually followed for this purpose are firstly the insertion of distances into the circuit, of so-called load coils, and secondly the use all along the conductor constituting the circuit of an envelope formed e of a magnetic body. In these two cases, the material used to form the core of the charging coils or the casing of the conductors must have certain characteristics allowing the desired results to be obtained. These characteristics consist of high resistivity, extremely low hysteresis loss, magnetic stability or constancy of permeability with respect to conversational currents even if high currents are superimposed on the circuit, and have a very high permeability for the weak magnetic forces used.

Jusqu'ici le fer a 6t6 utilis6 pour la construe tiondesnoyauxdesbobinesdechargeoLideseiive- loppes des condtieteurs t616phoniques pupinis6s d'une manMre contintie. Ces noyaux sont gändralement form6s de t61es de fer, de fils de fer, ou de fer pulvärisA darts le eas des noyaux annulaires, tandis que Penveloppe pupinisante est constitu6e en enroulant un fil de fer tout le long du coriducteur. Cependant dans ces eas, on a trouv6 que la perin#abilit6 pour les forcels magnUisantes utilis#es West pas suffisamment grande pour obtenir Pin- ductance voultie, et Pon doit alors recouvrir ä un aceroissement coüteux du diamäre des condueteurs. De plus, la r6sistance Mectrique effective du condueteur est consid6i-ablement augnient6e par suite de l'hyst6räsis et des pertes par courants de Foucault rAsultant de la baute conductivit6 du fer. Vinductance que Pon a pti pratiquement introduire par cette pupinisation est en rAalit6 träs faible, et dans plusieurs cas, seulement un cinquiäme de Finductance voulue a W atteinte. Par saite, la pupiiiisation continue des condue- teurs, en utilisant le fer cornme mati & e ma- gütique, n'a pas 6t6 apte A remplacer Pein- ploi des bobines de charge, except6 dans certains eas sp6eiaux, tels que par exemple pour les cäbles t61dphoniques sous-marins relativement courts. Hitherto iron has been used for the construction of the cores of the discharge coils designed for the telephonic conductors in a continuous manner. These cores are usually made of sheet iron, wire, or pulverized iron such as ring cores, while the brood sheath is made by wrapping wire around the core. However, in these cases, it has been found that the perniability for the magnifying forcels used is not large enough to obtain the desired inductance, and therefore has to be covered ä by a costly reduction in the diameter of the drivers. In addition, the effective electrical resistance of the conductor is considerably increased due to hysteresis and eddy current losses resulting from the high conductivity of the iron. The inductance that could practically be introduced by this planting is actually very low, and in many cases only one-fifth of the desired inductance has been achieved. As a matter of fact, the continued development of conductors, using iron as a magical matter, has not been able to replace the use of charging coils, except in certain cases. special applications, such as for example for relatively short submarine telephone cables.

Vemploi d'autres corps fortement para- magn6tiques, particuliäreinentle nickel ' a W propos6. Une des o#jections en co qui con- cerne le nickel, est que sa perm6abilit6 pour les courants faibles g6n6ralemeut utilis6s dans les installations de communication, est plus basse que celle du fer. L'addition d'une potite quantit6 de nickel au fer, environ 5"/o, a dt6 sugg6r6e, mais n'a jamais reQu dappli- eation commereiale dans ces genres d'ins- tallation. the use of other strongly paramagnetic bodies, particularly nickel ' has been proposed. One of the co-objections concerning nickel is that its permeability for weak currents generally used in communication installations is lower than that of iron. The addition of a small amount of nickel to the iron, about 5"/o, has been suggested, but has never found commercial application in these types of installations.

La pr6sente invention se rapporte ä un procdd6 pour charger les conducteurs dlec- triques, suivant Iequel on utilise pour charger les conducteurs une mati#re magnetique, comprenant plusieurs 616ments du groupe magn6tique et pHsentant, pour de faibles forces magn6tisaiites, une permdabilit6 beau- eoup plus haute que le fer, et on dispose cette matiäre en relation inductive par rapport ä un condueteur. The present invention relates to a process for charging electrical conductors, according to which a magnetic material, comprising several elements of the magnetic and pH-senting group, is used for charging the conductors, for weak forces. magnetism, a much higher permeability than iron, and this material is placed in an inductive relationship with respect to a conductor.

Le prgsent proc6d6 peut Atre partieuliäre- ment utilisd pour charger les eireuits t619- phoniques oü Jes forces magn6tisantes sont extrAmernent faibles, car elles sorit dans ces eireuits rarement plus grandes que deux dixi#mes de gauss et g#i)6ralemeiit inf6rieure ä cette valeur. Aussi dans la deseription suivante, on envisage sp6eialemerit Papplica- tion du pi-ocdd6 ä ce genre de eireuit, mais il est övident qu'il peut etre utilis6 pour pupiniser d'autres genres de conducteurs. The present process can be used in particular for charging telephone circuits where the magnetizing forces are extremely weak, since they come out in these circuits rarely greater than two tenths of a gauss and generally less ä this value. Also in the following description, the application of the pi-ocd6 ä is specially considered for this type of circuit, but it is obvious that it can be used to control other types of conductors.

Pour mieux faire comprendre le procdd6, on se rWra au dessin annex6, qui reprAsente A titre d'exemple, dans les fig. 1 et 2 deux condueteurs pupinis6s, dans la fig. 8 un dia- gramme, et dans la fig. 4 une bobine de charge obtenue moyennant le prock6. To better understand the process, see the appended drawing, which represents A by way of example, in FIGS. 1 and 2 two pupinized conductors, in fig. 8 a diagram, and in fig. 4 a load coil obtained by means of the prock6.

Dans la deseription suivante, on suppose que Palliage utilisö renferme approximative- inent 70'/o de nickel et 30'/o de fer, mais dvidemment le procdU dkrit peut s'appliquer ä tous les genres d'alliages döcrits dans le brevet n" 100789. Suivant la fig. 1, un condueteur pupinisä comprend un fil de euivre 2 recouvert d'une couche uuique d'un ruban 3 form6 de Palliage de nickel et de fer mentionn6 ei-dessus. La largeur et l'6paisseur du ruban peuvent Atre ehoisies conforin6metit aux conditions mka- niques, qui doivent kre remplies pour faciliter Penroulement du ruban sur le fil, en übservant toutefois qu'il est inutile de soumettre le ruban ä un effort plus grand qu'il West ii6cessaire, car cet effort tend ä r6duire la perm6abilit6 de la mati & e pupinisante. En pratique, on a trouv# qu'un fil d'un diamkre de1,8 mm etiviron, donne des rdsultats sa- tisfaisants, s'il est recouvert d'un ruban de 0,076 mm d'dpaisseur et de3,175 min de largeur. Si un tel ruban oti nAme des rubans d'autres 6paisseurs sont insuffisants pour donner le poids voulu de pupinisation, il est prUdrable d'enrouler deux ou plusieurs couches de ruban sur le condLicteur plutöt que d'uti- liser une seule couche dun ruban plus 6pais. Cela est montrb sur la fig. 2 dans laquelle une couche supplörnentaire est indiqu6e en 4. L'action 61ectromagndtique d'une s6rie de couches, comparde ä Paction öleetroma-n6t!que d'une couche unique d'dpaisseur egale ä la somme des dpaisseurs des couches multiples, est de r6duii-e les pertes par courants de Foucault dans le condueteur pupinis6. Ainsi qu-Ion Je voit sur la fig. 2, les difförentes couches de ruban sont enrouMes dans des directions alterndes, et ce genre d'enroulement est pi-Wrable, non seulement paree qu'il offre une meilleure structure, mais aussi paree qti*il rdduit et dgalise la tension, qui pent Atre appliqu6e, aux rubans par suite de quelques flexions ou toronnages subis par les condueteurs pupiiiis6s. In the following description, it is assumed that the alloy used contains approximately 70'/o of nickel and 30'/o of iron, but obviously the process described can be applied ä to all kinds of alloys. alloys described in patent no. >3 formed from the alloy of nickel and iron mentioned above The width and thickness of the tape can be chosen according to the mechanical conditions, which must be met to facilitate the winding of the tape on the wire, observing, however, that it is useless to subject the tape ä to a greater force than is necessary, since this force tends ä to reduce the permeability of the material. In practice, it has been found that a thread with a diameter of 1.8 mm and iviron, gives satisfactory results, if it is covered with a tape of 1.8 mm. >0.076 mm thick and 3.175 min wide. If such tape combined with tapes of other thicknesses are insufficient to provide the desired pupating weight, it is preferable to wrap two or more layers of tape over the conductor rather than using a single layer of a thicker tape. 6 pais. This is shown in fig. 2 in which an additional layer is indicated at 4. The electromagnetic action of a series of layers compares ä to the electromagnetic action of a single layer of equal thickness ä the sum of the thicknesses of the multiple layers, is to reduce the losses by eddy currents in the pupinized conductor. As well as Ion I see in fig. 2, the different layers of tape are wound in alternating directions, and this type of winding is most effective, not only because it provides better structure, but also because it reduces and equalizes tension, which can To be applied to ribbons as a result of some bending or twisting undergone by the puppied conductors.

L'aetion de l'enrotileinent du ruban sur le fil de cuivre, ainsi qu'il est montr6 sur les fig. 1 et2, a pour r6sultat de diminuer for- tement la perni#abilit6 de la mati#re magn6- tique. Cette r6duction est certainement due ä la traction #I laquelle est soumis Je ruban pendant Penroulement. La haute perm6,abilitd du ruban, qui est perdue par Penroulernent ne peut Atre retrouv6e qu'en soumettailt le conducteur recouvert de son ruban ä Faction du recuit. Mais, si le condueteur recouvert -de la matiäre pupinisante est recuit dans une condition de lovage, la plus haute perm6a- bilt6 obtenue dans le ruban peut Atre large- ment et irr6guliärement r6duite, quand le conducteur pupinis6 est redress6 et toronnö, oti autrement tendu, pendant los kapes suivantes de la formation d'un cäble quel- conque. De telles r6ductions dans la permk- bilit6 de la mati#re pupinisante, sont ordi- nairement plus grandes avee un filrecouvert d'une couche unique qu'avee un fil recouvert d'une double couche. 11 est probable quo ces r6duetions sont dues ä la traction produite sur le ruban lorsque le conducteur passe de sa condition de lovage ä la condition daus Iaquelle il se trouve dans le cäble. Dautre part, dans les opgrations ordinaires de recuit, bien quo celle-ci semblent kre pratiquement identiques, Fon obtient des r6sultats fortement diff6rents par rapport ä la perm6abilit6 obtenue pour la mati & e pupinisante, ainsi quo par rapport ä ses propri6t6s physiques etä la suseeptibilit6 avee laquelle change la perm6a- bilit6. En d'autres termes, pour des recuits ordinaires il est impossible d'obtenir des condueteurs pupinis6s de qualit6 uniforme, soit par rapport ä la valeur de la perm6a- bilitä donn6e ä la matiäre pupinisante ou par rapport ä la stabilit6 de la perm#abilit6 sous la traction mkanique, qui peut par la suite lui Atre impos6e. La raison probable de ces Asultats irrAguliers et peu satisfaisants obte- nus par le recuit ordinaire, Urtoule de ce qui sera expliquA ei-apr#s. The action of the wrapping of the ribbon on the copper wire, as shown in figs. 1 and 2, has the result of greatly reducing the perni#bility of magnetic matter. This reduction is certainly due to the tension #I which the ribbon is subjected to during the winding. The high permeability of the tape, which is lost by winding, can only be regained by subjecting the conductor covered with its tape to the annealing action. But, if the conductor covered with the laying material is annealed in a coiled condition, the highest permeability obtained in the tape can be greatly and irregularly reduced, when the laying conductor is straightened and stranded, or otherwise stretched. , during the following stages of the formation of any cable. Such reductions in the permeability of the pupating material are usually greater with single-layered yarn than with double-layered yarn. It is probable that these reductions are due ä to the traction produced on the ribbon when the conductor changes from its coiled condition ä to the condition in which it is in the cable. On the other hand, in ordinary annealing operations, although these seem to be practically identical, very different results are obtained with respect to the permeability obtained for the pupinating material, as well as with respect to ä its physical properties andä the susceptibility with which the permeability changes. In other words, for ordinary annealings it is impossible to obtain pupinized conductors of uniform quality, either with respect to ä the value of the permeability given ä pupating material or in relation to the stability of permeability under mechanical traction, which may subsequently be imposed on it. The probable reason for these irregular and unsatisfactory results obtained by ordinary annealing is explained below.

Pour 6viter los inconv6nients ei-dessus mentionn6s, on d6place los condueteurs recou- verts ä travers un fourneau, oü ils sont soumis ä Faction de la chaleur en ayant soin, en premier lieu de los kirer, afin de los placer dans une position tendue ä travers le fourneau, e'äst-ä-dire quo Pensernble form6 par le condueteur et la matike magnUique est maintenue dans certaine condition de tension,-pendant l'actioii du recuit. De plus, il est n6cessaire quo cette tension soit main- tenue pendarit le refroidissement qui succHe le recuit. De cette manibre, le ruban et le fil de cuivre sönt recuits pratiquement dans la mAme condition, quo celle occup6e dans RTI ID="0003.0278" WI="3" HE="4" LX="1708" LY="225"> la suite par le condueteur pupinisg. Si apr#s le recuit, ces condueteurs sont soigneusement enrou16s sur des bobines d'un diamkre suffl- samment grand, la haute perrnöabilit# obtenue- par cette op6ration peut etre conservöe pen- dant los interruptions de travail se produisant dans la construction compläe d'un üAble. En deuxi#me lieu, on ne doit utiliser pour le recuit d'un conducteur pupinisd quo cer- taines temp6ratures, et la dur#e de l'op6ration doit kre bien d6termin6e. Los caraet6res propres du recuit varient suivant le condue- teur pupinise et suivant los diff6rentes per- m6abilit6s qu'il doit prAsenter, ainsi qu'i1 rAsulte de Petude des courbes de la fig. 3. To avoid the inconveniences mentioned above, the covered conductors are moved ä through a furnace, where they are subjected ä to the heat, taking care, first place of los kirer, in order to place them in an outstretched position ä through the furnace, i.e. that the thought formed by the conductor and the magnetic matter is maintained under certain condition of tension, -during the actioii of the annealing. Moreover, it is necessary that this tension be maintained during the cooling which follows the annealing. In this way, the copper tape and wire are annealed in practically the same condition as in RTI ID="0003.0278" WI="3" HE="4" LX="1708" LY="225"> afterwards by the pupinisg driver. If after annealing these conductors are carefully wound on coils of sufficiently large diameter, the high permeability obtained by this operation can be maintained during work interruptions occurring in the complete construction of üAble. Secondly, only certain temperatures should be used for annealing a pupinized conductor, and the duration of the operation should be well determined. The proper characteristics of the annealing vary according to the conductor studied and according to the different permeabilities which it must present, as results from the study of the curves of fig. 3.

Suivant cette figure, quatre courbes repr6- sentent los changernents apport6s dans la permäabilit6 d'un condueteur pupinise, ("on- form8ment ä la variation de la tempdrature etä la dur6o de l'op6ration du recuit. Ces courbes ont W d6termin6es au moyen d'essais fait sur des fils en cuivre d'environ 1,8 mm de diamUre recouverts de deux couches d'un ruban formg de Palliage envisag6 comprenant environ 70 '/o de nickel et30 % de fer. Dans ces deux couches, le ruban est enrou16 stii- vant deux directions oppos6es, et il pr6sente une 6paisseur d'environ 0,076 mm et une lar- geur d'environ 3,175 mm. Los couches A, B C etD montrent la relation existant entre la perm6abilitd obtenue (port6e suivant Paxe des ordonn#es), et la dur6e du recuit (port#e suivant Faxe des abseisses) aux tempärattires respectives de860, 800, 750 et700 degrds centigrades. Dans ce diagramme, los abseisses qui repHsentent la durk du recuit sont expri- m6es en minutes, tandis quo los ordonAes expriment les perm6abilit6s pour los forees magn6tisantes produites par los courants t61#phoniques. D*apr#s ces courbes, on voit quo plus haute est la temp6rature, plus ra pide est l'aecroissement de la perm6abilitd. D'apräs los courbes A, B et0, on constate quo la prolongation du recuit au delä d.'un certain temps ne produit plus un accroisse- ment de la perm6abilit#, mais tine diininution de celle-ei. Ces deux faits expliquent les rbsultats peu satisfaisants obtentis, quand on emploie le procM6 ordinaire du recuit. Si la tenip6rattire du fourneati est pouss(#e ä une trop grande valeur, des changements excessi- venient petits dans la dur#e de l'op6i-.itiorl produisent de grandes variations daris la perm#abilit6 obtenue de la mati#re pupinisante utilis6e pour recouvrir le fil trait6. Ind#pen- damment de la temp6rature du fourneau, la perni#abilit6 s'aeci-oit ä une valeur eritique pour Iaquelle un changeme;it dans I'ötat physique de la mati & e pupinisante a lieu, si la dur6e de l'op6ration est trop longue. Si cette durde est encore prolong6e, il en r6sulte une r6duetion de la perni6abilit6. Le change- nient dans l'6tat physique est tel que m6ine, si la perrn6abilit# voulue est observ6e dans la mati#re pupinisante imm6diatement apräs que le condueteur pupinis6 a W recuit, cette pei-m6abilit6 sera exti-Amement suseeptible d'ftre rMuite par suite de la terision, qui lui est impos6e pendant la manipulation du con- dueteur Hsultant du travail n6cessaire pour la fortnation d'un cäble. Les courbes inontrdes sur la fig. 3 faeilitent le choix d'une temp6- rature voulue et la duräe propre ä l'op & ation du recuit, afin d'obtenir la perin6abilit# voulue dans Falliage recouvrant le fil. Following this figure, four curves represent the changes made in the permeability of a pupinized conductor, ("according to ä the variation of the temperature andä the duration of the annealing operation. These curves were determined by means of tests carried out on copper wires approximately 1.8 mm in diameter covered with two layers of a tape formed from alloy envisioned comprising approximately 70 '/0 of nickel and 30% of iron. approximately 0.076 mm and a width of approximately 3.175 mm Layers A, B C andD show the relationship between the obtained permeability (range along the axis of ordinates), and the duration of the annealing (carried according to the Abseisses) at the respective temperatures of 860, 800, 750 and 700 degrees centigrade. In this diagram, the abseissae which represent the duration of the annealing are expressed in minutes, while the ordinates express the permeabilities for the magnetizing forces produced by the telephone currents. From these curves it can be seen that the higher the temperature, the faster the increase in permeability. According to the curves A, B and 0, it can be seen that the prolongation of the annealing beyond d. a certain time no longer produces an increase in the permeability, but a decrease in it. These two facts explain the unsatisfactory results obtained when the ordinary annealing process is used. If the furnace temperature is pushed too high, excessively small changes in operating time produce large variations in permeability. obtained from the pupinating material used to cover the treated yarn Independently of the furnace temperature, the perni#bility has ä a critical value for which a change; it takes place in the physical state of the pupinating matter, if the duration of the operation is too long. physical is such that even if the desired permeability is observed in the pupinizing material immediately after the pupinized conductor has been annealed, this permeability will be extremely likely to be reduced as a result of the terision, which occurs in it. is imposed during handling of the conductor as a result of the work required for the formation of a cable. The uninverted curves in fig. 3 make it easier to choose a desired temperature and the proper duration ä of the annealing operation, in order to obtain the desired permeability in the alloy covering the thread.

Quelle que soit la teinp6ratui,e choisie, la durAe du recuit ne doit pas 6tre proloijg6e assez Iongtemps pour produire le changement iiientionn6 dans Ntat physique de Falliage. En d*autres termes, Pop6ration de recuit doit #tre itisuffisante en temp#rature et en durk pour changer la perin6abilit6 de Valliage au delä de la valeur eritique. A part cette objection, il est 6vident que la temp6rature proppe du fourneau et la dur6e de l'op6ratioii d#pendent de l'exaetitude avee Iaquelle la temp & ature et la durk peuvent Atre r#gIks, c'est-h-dire la vitesse avec laquelle le fil passe ä travers le fourneau. Cela döpend aussi des variations perinises dans la permdabilit6 du condueteur pupinis6. Au point de vue de Nconomie dans la fabrieation, il est äsirable que la durk de l'op6ratioii soit aussi courte que possible, et la temp6rattive doit done Atre choisie aussi haute que le permet les faetetirs ci-dessus nientionn6s. Whatever color is chosen, the annealing time should not be prolonged long enough to produce the change in the physical state of the alloy referred to. In other words, the annealing operation must be sufficient in temperature and duration to change the perinability of Valliage beyond the eritic value. A Apart from this objection, it is obvious that the proper temperature of the furnace and the duration of the operation depend on the accuracy with which the temperature and the duration can be regulated, i.e. the speed with which the wire passes ä through the furnace. It also depends on perinized variations in the permeability of the pupinated conductor. From the point of view of economy in manufacture, it is desirable that the duration of the operation should be as short as possible, and the temperature should therefore be chosen as high as the above mentioned factors permit.

De ce qui pr6c,#de, on peut d6terniiiier les conditions que doit prösenter le recuit pour ]es alliages mentionn4. Ce moyen de recuire la mati#re pupinisante d'un conducteur entib- rement recouvert pour une certaine permk- bilitä reeliei-ch6e, peut Atre ti,#s importante. Par exemple, quand des condueteurs pupinis6s sont utilisäs dans des eäbles duplex pour circuits fantörnes, il est n6cessaire que ces coi)diieteurs soient inderitiques aux points de vue de leurs propi-i6t#s physiques, inagn#- tiques et Mectriques. Quoiqu'il soit possible de pupiniser des condueteurs au moyen d'une inati#re magnötique pHsentant une perinöa- bilit6 plus haute que celle Usirk, et de r6- duire ensuite celle-ei ä la valeur voulue au moyen, d'un traitement mkanique des con- dueteurs pupinWs, comme par exemple en les souinettant ä des efforts de flexion, ce proced, pour obtenir des condueteurs uniform6metit pupinis6s pour des eäbles t616phoniques ou cäbles analogues West pas satisfaisant ä cause da eliangement qui peut se produire dans les propi-i6t6s physiques du condueteur et des diffleult6s qui en Hsulte dans son toronnage. From what precedes, it is possible to determine the conditions which the annealing must present for the alloys mentioned. This means of annealing the purifying material of a fully coated conductor for some real permeability can be very important. For example, when pinned conductors are used in duplex cables for phantom circuits, it is necessary that these conductors be identical in terms of their physical, inmagnetic and electrical properties. Although it is possible to breed conductors by means of a magnetic magnet having a higher perinability than that of Usirk, and then to reduce the latter to the desired value at the by means of a mechanical treatment of the wire conductors, such as for example by dampening them from bending stresses, this process, in order to obtain conductors uniformly wired for telephone cables or similar cables. Satisfactory ä causes da changes that may occur in the conductor's physical properties and consequent difficulties in his or her stranding.

Vallia-e inentionn6 ei-dessus peut aussi 6tre utilis6 dans le eas de la pupinisation de eireuits au inoyen de bobines de charge, ces alliages entrant alors daris la construction des noyaux de ces bobines. Dans ce eas, des fils de petit diamUre form6s de Palliage choisi sont iso]6s et enroulds en un cylindre pKsentant les diinensions voulues et servant de noyaux ä (ine bobine de charge. La fig. 4 donne une vue d'une bobine semblable com- prenant un noyau 6 forrn6 de fils d'alliage iso16s, et des eri*i,oulements 7 et8 indiqu6s schrnatiquernent. Afin de Aduire la perm6a- bilit# effeetive du noyau qui offi-e ordinaire- ment la plus haute perm6abilit6 voulue, ainsi que pour donner ä la mati#re constitutive la constance et la stabilit6 Usirable au point de vue de la pei-m6abilit6 mAme,. si des cou- rants intenses sont superpos#s sur le eircuit de la bobine de charge, le noyau est pourvu d'entrefers 9 constitués d'une matière non magnétique. Le nombre et la longueur de ces entrefers peuvent être déterminéesà volonté. Les fils constituant le noyau6 sont maintenus ensemble en les enveloppant d'un ruban10 d'une matière non magnétique, comme il est d'usage pour les noyaux enfil de fer. Les sections de noyau de chaque côté des entrefers sont maintenues en place au moyen de colliers11, ou d*une autre manière quel conque. Vallia-e mentioned above can also be used in the case of the production of eireuits by means of loading coils, these alloys then entering into the construction of the cores of these coils. In this case, small diameter wires formed of selected alloy are insulated and wound into a cylinder of the desired dimensions and serving as the cores ä (a load coil. Fig. 4 gives a view of a similar coil comprising a core 6 formed from insulated alloy wires, and rings, bearings 7 and 8 indicated schematically, in order to reduce the effective permeability of the core which ordinarily offers the highest desired permeability, as well as to give ä the constituent material the constancy and stability Usable from the point of view of wearability even if high currents are superimposed on the circuit of the charging coil, the core is provided with air gaps 9 made of a non-magnetic material. The number and length of these air gaps can be determinedas desired. The wires making up the core6 are held together by wrapping them with tape10 of a non-magnetic material, as is customary for ironwire cores. The core sections on either side of the air gaps are held in place by means of clamps11, or some other way.

Ordinairement la tension exercée sur les fils d'alliage lors de la formation d'un noyau de la bobine ne diminue pas sérieusement la perméabilité. Toutefois, si on le désire, les fils d'alliage peuvent être recuits par l'opéra tion décrite ci-dessus, de manièreà amener la perméabilité de la matièreà une certaine valeur définie, et cela avant leur isolation et leur enroulement sous forme de cylindre. Ordinarily the tension exerted on the alloy wires during the formation of a coil core does not seriously decrease the permeability. However, if desired, the alloy wires may be annealed by the operation described above, so asto bring the permeability of the materialto a certain defined value, and that before their insulation and their rolling up in the form of cylinder.

Au point de vue de l'isolation entre le fil de cuivre et la première couchede ruban, ainsi que Pisolation entre les couches succes sives de ruban, l'oxyde qui se formeà la surface des rubans lors de l'opération du recuit décrite ci-dessus est suffisant. Toutefois, si on le désire, les rubans peuvent être recouverts d'une couche d'une autre substance isolante quelconque. From the point of view of the insulation between the copper wire and the first layer of tape, as well as the insulation between the successive layers of tape, the oxide which formsat the surface of the tapes during the annealing operation described above is sufficient. However, if desired, the strips may be covered with a layer of any other insulating substance.

Claims

CLAIM: Process for increasing the self-induction of electrical conductors, characterized in that a magnetic material is used, comprising several elements of the group, elements ferro-magnetic elements, and having, for magnetizing forces, a much higher permeability than iron and that this material is arranged so that a current passing through the conductory produces a magnetic field. SUB-CLAIMS: 1 Method according to claim, characterized in that the magnetic material is applied to the core of the conductor in at least one layer. Process according to claim, characterized in that the material is applied to the core of the conductor in layers wound successively and inopposite directions. 3 Process according to claim, characterized in what is redeveloped in the magnetic material after having applied it to the conductor the high permeability for low magnetizing forces, subjecting it to a heat treatment. 4 A method according to claim and sub-claim 3, characterized in that the magnetizing material is subjected for a determined timeto the action of heat, then removed from the influence of this heat, in order to be cooled. 5 'A method according to claim and sub-claims 3 and 4, characterized in that said material is movedat a certain speedto through a furnace where it is subjectedto the action of heat. 6 Process according to claim and sub-claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the material and the conductor which it covers are subjectedto a certain tension during the action of heat. 7 Method according to claim and subclaims3 to 6, characterized in that the voltageto to which the covered conductor is subjected magnetic material during annealing is maintained during cooling. 8 Process according to claim and sub-claim 3, characterized in that the material is applied to the conductor in successive and alternating layers, the conductor and the layers of magnetic material then being subjected to annealing. 9 Process according to claim and sub-claims 3 and 8, characterized in that the layers are insulated from each other and from to the core of the conductor by an oxide, which forms on the magnetic material.