CH120252A - Process for the preparation of highly concentrated caustic alkalis. - Google Patents
Process for the preparation of highly concentrated caustic alkalis.Info
- Publication number
- CH120252A CH120252A CH120252DA CH120252A CH 120252 A CH120252 A CH 120252A CH 120252D A CH120252D A CH 120252DA CH 120252 A CH120252 A CH 120252A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- preparation
- highly concentrated
- amalgam
- concentrated caustic
- alkalis
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 title description 5
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000497 Amalgam Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MJGFBOZCAJSGQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury sodium Chemical compound [Na].[Hg] MJGFBOZCAJSGQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- HKOOXMFOFWEVGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylhydrazine Chemical compound NNC1=CC=CC=C1 HKOOXMFOFWEVGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001023 sodium amalgam Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/76—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid wherein arc-extinguishing gas is evolved from stationary parts; Selection of material therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H33/12—Auxiliary contacts on to which the arc is transferred from the main contacts
- H01H33/121—Load break switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- H01K7/00—Lamps for purposes other than general lighting
- H01K7/04—Lamps for purposes other than general lighting for indicating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H33/08—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
- H01H2033/085—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate using a flat arc chute, the width of arc chamber being only slightly greater then thickness of switch blade
Landscapes
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
Description
Verfahren zur Darstellung hochkonzentrierter Ätzalkalilaugen. Die Verfahren zur Darstellung von Ätz alkali nach dem bekannten Amalgamverfah- ren liefern bekanntlich infolge der Trägheit, mit der das gewonnene Amalgam mit d m Wasser reagiert, nur verdünnte Laugen. Zur Gewinnung konzentrierter Laugen müssen die erhaltenen Lösungen eingedampft wer den. Die Reaktion des Amalgams mit dem Wasser zu beschleunigen und so direkt zu konzentrierteren Laugen zu gelangen, war Gegenstand vieler Verbesserungen des Ver fahrens.
So brachte man zum Beispiel das Quecksilber mit andern unedlen nicht oder schwer amalgierbaren Metallen bezw. Le gierungen in Berührung, oder man beschleu nigte die Reaktion dadurch, dass man das Amalgam im Zersetzungsraum anodis";h po larisierte. Aber auch bei Benutzung dieser Kunstgriffe gelingt es nicht, hochkonzen trierte Laugen zu erhalten.
Es wurde nun gefunden, dass man Ätz- alkalilaugen von 60 % und darüber erhalten kann, wenn man in Gegenwart von Sub stanzen arbeitet, welche den bei der Zer- setzung des Amalgams auftretenden \Va s- serstoff beseitigen. Besonders eignen sich hierzu reduzierbare Verbindungen, wie zum Beispiel Nitroverbindungen aromatischer Kohlenwasserstoffe. Durch entsprechende Wahl dieser Verbindungen lassen sich auf diese Weise zugleich mit einer hochkonzen trierten Lauge technisch wertvolle Reduk tionsprodukte gewinnen, wodurch das Ver fahren besonders vorteilhaft arbeitet.
<I>Beispiel:</I> Zweckmässig auf elektrolytischem Wege erzeugtes Alkaliamalgam, z. B. Natrium amalgam, enthaltend 60 kg Na, lässt man in ein Gefäss einfliessen, in dem es durch kräftiges Rühren mit einer möglichst inni gen Suspension von Wasser (100 kg) und einem aromatischen Nitrokörper, z. B. Nitro- benzol (60 kg), zur Reaktion gebracht wird.
Die Temperatur wird zur rascheren Aus- nützung des Amalgams zweckmässig auf 80 bis 100 gehalten. Nach beendeter Einwir kung wird die erhaltene Suspension abgelas- sen und die gewonnene Natronlauge von dem Reduktionsprodukt durch einfaches Absit- zenlassen getrennt. Man erhält so 165 kg einer reinen Natronlauge, die beim Erkalten zum Hydrat 3 NafI0-,aq kristallisiert, also einer 62 %igen Natronlauge entspricht. Die Ausbeute auf Natrium ist quantitativ. Sol len verdünntere Laugen gewonnen werden, so ist nur der Zusatz von Wasser zur Sus pension entsprechend zu wählen.
Der Nitro körper, im Beispiel Nitrobenzol, wird dureli den aufgenommenen Wasserstoff in nahezu quantitativer Weise in Hydrazobenzol (er halten 44 kg) übergeführt. Das Verfahren kann auch kontinuierlich gestaltet werden.
Process for the preparation of highly concentrated caustic alkalis. The processes for the preparation of caustic alkali according to the known amalgam process are known to deliver only dilute alkalis due to the inertia with which the amalgam obtained reacts with the water. To obtain concentrated alkalis, the solutions obtained must be evaporated to whoever. To accelerate the reaction of the amalgam with the water and thus to get directly to more concentrated alkalis has been the subject of many improvements in the process.
Thus, for example, mercury was brought with other non-noble or difficult to amalgicable metals or. Alloys in contact, or the reaction is accelerated by anodizing the amalgam in the decomposition chamber. But even with the use of these tricks it is not possible to obtain highly concentrated alkalis.
It has now been found that caustic alkali solutions of 60% and more can be obtained if one works in the presence of substances which remove the hydrogen that occurs during the decomposition of the amalgam. Reducible compounds, such as nitro compounds of aromatic hydrocarbons, are particularly suitable for this purpose. By appropriate choice of these compounds, technically valuable reduction products can be obtained in this way at the same time with a highly concentrated caustic solution, whereby the process works particularly advantageously.
<I> Example: </I> Alkali amalgam expediently produced by electrolytic means, e.g. B. sodium amalgam containing 60 kg of Na, is allowed to flow into a vessel in which it is stirred vigorously with a suspension of water (100 kg) and an aromatic nitro body, z. B. nitrobenzene (60 kg) is caused to react.
The temperature is expediently kept at 80 to 100 for more rapid utilization of the amalgam. After the end of the action, the suspension obtained is drained off and the sodium hydroxide solution obtained is separated from the reduction product by simply allowing it to settle. 165 kg of pure sodium hydroxide solution are thus obtained, which crystallizes to the hydrate 3 NafI0-, aq on cooling, that is to say corresponds to 62% strength sodium hydroxide solution. The yield on sodium is quantitative. If more dilute alkalis are to be obtained, only the addition of water to the suspension should be selected accordingly.
The nitro body, in the example nitrobenzene, is converted into hydrazobenzene (he keeps 44 kg) dureli the absorbed hydrogen in an almost quantitative manner. The process can also be carried out continuously.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE320531X | 1951-05-25 | ||
| DEC5396A DE1053615B (en) | 1951-05-25 | 1951-05-25 | Arc extinguishing chamber for electrical switches |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH120252A true CH120252A (en) | 1927-05-02 |
Family
ID=25799604
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH120252D CH120252A (en) | 1951-05-25 | 1926-04-15 | Process for the preparation of highly concentrated caustic alkalis. |
| CH320531D CH320531A (en) | 1951-05-25 | 1952-05-21 | Disconnector with quick switching device |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH320531D CH320531A (en) | 1951-05-25 | 1952-05-21 | Disconnector with quick switching device |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CH (2) | CH120252A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1053615B (en) |
| FR (1) | FR412771A (en) |
| NL (2) | NL96095C (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1156470B (en) * | 1959-06-11 | 1963-10-31 | Licentia Gmbh | Circuit breaker with flat fire chamber |
| US3056009A (en) * | 1959-06-30 | 1962-09-25 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Electric-switch construction |
| DE1105947B (en) * | 1960-03-23 | 1961-05-04 | Siemens Ag | Electrical switches, in particular switch disconnectors |
| DE1175315B (en) * | 1960-05-10 | 1964-08-06 | Continental Elektro Ind Ag | Switch disconnectors |
| US3066209A (en) * | 1960-12-08 | 1962-11-27 | Ite Circuit Breaker Ltd | Distribution side opening load break switch |
| DE1159538B (en) * | 1961-01-21 | 1963-12-19 | Energieversorgung Erfurt Veb | Fire chamber for electrical switching devices |
| DE1143252B (en) * | 1961-04-19 | 1963-02-07 | Sachsenwerk Licht & Kraft Ag | Disconnector with Loeschkammer switch disconnection point |
| DE1134446B (en) * | 1961-05-16 | 1962-08-09 | Sachsenwerk Licht & Kraft Ag | Contact device for electrical switchgear |
| US3136874A (en) * | 1961-06-28 | 1964-06-09 | Ite Circuit Breaker Ltd | Sealed arc chutes for an auxiliary interrupting blade of a circuit interrupter |
| DE2856670B2 (en) * | 1978-12-29 | 1980-11-20 | Concordia Sprecher-Schaltgeraete Gmbh, 7024 Filderstadt | Flat arcing chamber |
| DE2949607A1 (en) * | 1979-12-10 | 1981-06-11 | Concordia Sprecher-Schaltgeräte GmbH, 7024 Filderstadt | Flat fire chamber |
| FR2628259A1 (en) * | 1988-03-01 | 1989-09-08 | Merlin Gerin | ELECTRICAL SHUT-OFF CIRCUIT BREAKER BY SHOCKPING OR EXPANSION OF INSULATING GAS |
Family Cites Families (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE661809C (en) * | ||||
| DE728612C (en) * | 1934-10-20 | 1942-11-30 | Siemens Ag | Arc Chamber Switch |
| DE644580C (en) * | 1935-02-23 | 1937-05-08 | Frida Strauss Geb Ruppel | Isolating switch with arc extinguishing device |
| DE671284C (en) * | 1935-07-03 | 1939-02-03 | Frida Strauss Geb Ruppel | Oil-filled electrical apparatus with arcing under oil, especially Schlter |
| DE681438C (en) * | 1935-09-03 | 1939-09-22 | Frida Strauss Geb Ruppel | Installation switch with arcing |
| DE673883C (en) * | 1936-02-10 | 1939-03-30 | Aeg | Extinguishing pipe for electric gas switch |
| DE661561C (en) * | 1936-09-08 | 1938-06-21 | Aeg | Extinguishing pipe for electrical switches |
| DE665376C (en) * | 1937-05-29 | 1938-09-23 | Aeg | Switching chamber for electric gas switch |
| US2160681A (en) * | 1937-12-30 | 1939-05-30 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Circuit interrupter |
| DE680261C (en) * | 1938-03-17 | 1939-08-25 | Aeg | Extinguishing pipe for electrical switches with arc extinguishing by gases and vapors |
| BE427269A (en) * | 1938-03-25 | |||
| DE690443C (en) * | 1938-10-13 | 1940-04-25 | Aeg | Switching chamber for electric gas switch |
| DE690910C (en) * | 1938-10-16 | 1940-05-10 | Voigt & Haeffner Akt Ges | Blow box for air switch with arc extinguishing by magnetic blowing |
| DE711654C (en) * | 1938-11-06 | 1941-10-03 | Aeg | Electric circuit breaker with arc extinguishing by gases and vapors generated by the arc itself |
| DE725471C (en) * | 1939-06-28 | 1942-09-23 | Aeg | Electric circuit breaker |
| DE708319C (en) * | 1939-09-26 | 1941-07-17 | Aeg | Electric circuit breakers, in particular gas switches |
| DE726218C (en) * | 1940-05-09 | 1942-10-08 | Aeg | Electric circuit breaker with arc extinguishing by means of extinguishing gas generated by the arc from solid gas-emitting switch room walls |
| DE737461C (en) * | 1941-02-27 | 1943-07-14 | Aeg | Electric circuit breakers, in particular high-voltage switches |
| DE746525C (en) * | 1941-03-09 | 1944-08-03 | Elin Und Schorch Werke Ag Fuer | Isolating switch with insulating ceramic intermediate piece between drive and cutting knife |
| DE874929C (en) * | 1951-08-03 | 1953-04-27 | Licentia Gmbh | Electrical circuit breaker, in particular a gas switch, with an extinguishing chamber that emits extinguishing gas under the influence of the arc heat |
-
0
- NL NLAANVRAGE7302380,A patent/NL169844B/en unknown
-
1910
- 1910-02-18 FR FR412771A patent/FR412771A/en not_active Expired
-
1926
- 1926-04-15 CH CH120252D patent/CH120252A/en unknown
-
1951
- 1951-05-25 DE DEC5396A patent/DE1053615B/en active Pending
-
1952
- 1952-05-21 CH CH320531D patent/CH320531A/en unknown
-
1958
- 1958-04-17 NL NL226980A patent/NL96095C/xx active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL169844B (en) | |
| CH320531A (en) | 1957-03-31 |
| FR412771A (en) | 1910-07-22 |
| NL226980A (en) | 1960-06-15 |
| DE1053615B (en) | 1959-03-26 |
| NL96095C (en) | 1960-11-15 |
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