CH126586A - Process for improving the combustibility of liquid fuels and fuel obtained by this process. - Google Patents

Description

  

  Process for improving the combustibility of liquid fuels and fuel obtained by this process. The present invention relates to a process for improving the combustibility of liquid fuels, such as: mineral, vegetable and animal oils, tars (coal tar), benzols, alcohols and in particular lamp oils or other liquid or liquid hydrocarbons. heavy oils. The invention also comprises a liquid fuel with improved combustibility obtained by said process.



  In engines using hydrocarbon fuels as fuel, the dissociation of the hydrocarbon molecules is generally all the more brutal the heavier they are. As a result, hydrogen burns before carbon and the latter ignites late, its combustion is only partial and gives rise to. a @ harbonneme @ nt, that is to say a release of carbon which settles in the cylinder causing fouling, or escapes in the form of black smoke.

   To avoid this drawback, it has been proposed to add to liquid hydrocarbon fuels, organometallic compounds such as tetraethylated lead. But if the use of these compounds can improve the combustion of heavy hydrocarbons, it presents not only the drawback of the fouling of the engine cylinders by the solid metal compounds formed during combustion, but also that of spreading in the atmosphere with the products of combustion, toxic metal fumes which have resulted in accidents.



  The process which is the subject of the present invention makes it possible to improve the combustibility of liquid fuels without, however, exhibiting the above drawbacks. It is characterized in that an extremely small amount of at least one organic body of those contained in essential oils is incorporated into the combustible liquids. Preferably, the amount of said body is between <B> 0.001 </B> and 1% of the combustible liquid. .



  Indeed, as soon as at least one of these bodies is present in a very small proportion in the fuel, the fouling of the engines, for example, is notably reduced, the quantity of unburned carbon is much lower and no harmful metal compounds occur as occurs through the use of other compounds and processes. During the combustion of the liquid fuels thus obtained, more combustion air can be supplied, or what amounts to the same thing, the fuel flow rate can be reduced, which produces an increase in efficiency, fuel economy.

   When. vaporizing these fuels, for example in a carburetor, it is also useful to provide a little more heat to these improved liquid fuels than to ordinary fuels.



  The additives according to the invention can consist of either carbon and hydrogen or carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and do not contain metals which are suspected of producing harmful compounds. Either essential oils which are complex mixtures can be used, or one or a mixture of substances which these essences contain, and which can also be obtained artificially.



  Among the bodies liable to be incorporated, we can cite @ I. Certain cyclic hydrocarbons (unsaturated and unsaturated) contained in the essential oils, for example: a) menthane (saturated hydrocarbon).



  b) the constituents of vegetable essences such as lemon essence, cumin essence, eucalyptus essence (unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons). Such are, for example: limonene, which is a terpene hydrocarbon and cymene which is a benzene hydrocarbon.



  II. Polycyclic terpene compounds, in particular those contained. in plant species, for example groups of pinane and camphane. Among the most important representatives of the pinane group, we can mention the pinenes.



  III. Oxygenated cyclic compounds, in particular those contained in plant essences: for example menthol in mint oil, terpineol in lily of the valley oil (terpene compounds).



  IV. Compounds of the aromatic series, such as: Benzyl alcohol (jasmine oil), benzoic acid or cinnamic acid, contained in Peru balsam, tolu balsam, copahu balsam, balsam from ben join; Cinnamic aldehyde, the main constituent of cinnamon oil; Thymol (essence of thyme); Orthoxybenzyl alhyde (essence of meadowsweet); Eugenol, isoeugenol, la. vanillin (essences of cloves, cajeput, eucalyptus).

    Odorous substances contained in natural essences and also obtained artificially: Coniferyl alcohol, essence of soft tarde, essence of anise, anethole, eucalyptol. Here is, by way of example, how various liquid fuels can be prepared, according to the process of the invention: Example <I> 1: </I> Lamp oil. with a specific weight of between 0.780 and. 0.820 is added from 0.4 to 0.5%, by weight, of turpentine and from 0.002 to 0.003% by weight of cymene. The mixture can be used in internal combustion engines.



  <I> Example 2: </I> Lamp oil with a specific gravity between 0.780 and 0.820 is added to 0.3 to 0.4%, by weight, of turpentine and about 0.004% cinnamon oil, 0.002% cajuput oil and 0.001% clove oil. The product can be used in internal combustion engines.



  According to other examples, it is possible to add to the kerosene, limonene, eugenol or isoeugenol, coniferyl alcohol, alone or as a mixture in likewise minimal proportions.



  <I> Example 3: </I> 50 parts by weight of petroleum treated according to the preceding examples are added to. 50 parts by weight of light mineral spirits with a specific gravity of 0.710.



  the product obtained can practically replace light gasoline in internal combustion engines.



  The higher density fuels added with the organic body according to the invention can be used as substitutes for light gasolines or petroleum ethers hitherto used in certain engines (aviation).



  The invention is not limited to the products obtained according to one or the other of the examples which have been given and it is possible to provide other very proportions of the substances which enter into the composition of the products without the need for departs from the present invention. Moreover, experience has shown that the substances mentioned act rather by their presence than by the proportions of their dosage.

 

Claims (1)

CLAIMS I Method for improving the. Combustibility of liquid fuels, characterized in that an extremely small amount of at least one organic body of those contained in essential oils is incorporated into the combustible liquids. II Liquid fuel with improved combustibility obtained by the process according to. re vendication I, based on a combustible liquid, characterized in that it contains an extremely low amount of at least one organic body of those contained in essential oils. SUB-CLAIMS 1 A method according to claim I, in which the amount of the organic body incorporated is between 0.001 and 1% of the liquid. 2 The method of claim I, wherein said incorporated organic body is a cyclic hydrocarbon. 3. A method according to claim 1, wherein said incorporated organic body is a polycyclic terpene compound. 4 Method according to. Claim I, wherein said incorporated organic body is an oxygenated cyclic compound. A method according to claim I, wherein said incorporated organic body is an aromatic compound. 6 The method of claim I, wherein said incorporated organic body is an odorous substance contained in natural essences. 7 The method of claim I, -in which said incorporated organic body is an odorous substance obtained artificially.