CH170457A - Process for lowering the pour point of lubricating oils. - Google Patents
Process for lowering the pour point of lubricating oils.Info
- Publication number
- CH170457A CH170457A CH170457DA CH170457A CH 170457 A CH170457 A CH 170457A CH 170457D A CH170457D A CH 170457DA CH 170457 A CH170457 A CH 170457A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- pour point
- lubricating oils
- lowering
- molecular weight
- paraffin
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 5
- DSEKYWAQQVUQTP-XEWMWGOFSA-N (2r,4r,4as,6as,6as,6br,8ar,12ar,14as,14bs)-2-hydroxy-4,4a,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14a-octamethyl-2,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14b-tetradecahydro-1h-picen-3-one Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@]2(C)CC[C@@]34C)C(C)(C)CC[C@]1(C)CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]4CC[C@@]1(C)[C@H]3C[C@@H](O)C(=O)[C@@H]1C DSEKYWAQQVUQTP-XEWMWGOFSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- -1 ceryl alcohol Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IRHTZOCLLONTOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexacosan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO IRHTZOCLLONTOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XMHIUKTWLZUKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexacosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O XMHIUKTWLZUKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002790 naphthalenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001256 steam distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- YHRUOJUYPBUZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloropropane Chemical compound ClCCCCl YHRUOJUYPBUZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004264 Petrolatum Substances 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010692 aromatic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CXKCTMHTOKXKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium oxide Inorganic materials [Cd]=O CXKCTMHTOKXKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CFEAAQFZALKQPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Cd+2] CFEAAQFZALKQPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010727 cylinder oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000039 hydrogen halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012433 hydrogen halide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010721 machine oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012170 montan wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002889 oleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940066842 petrolatum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002641 tar oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940099259 vaseline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Lubricants (AREA)
Description
Verfahren zur Herabsetzung des Stockpunktes von Schmierölen. Es ist bekannt, aus hochmolekularen, ganz oder vorwiegend aus Hart- oder Weich paraffin bestehenden Kohlenwasserstoffen viskose schmierölartige Stoffe, die bei Zusatz zu Schmierölen deren Eigenschaften in ver schiedener Weise verbessern, dadurch herzu stellen, dass man die genannten Ausgangs stoffe durch Halogenierung und da.rauffol- gende Kondensation in Gegenwart von Kata lysatoren oder durch Einwirkung stiller elek trischer Entladungen in die viskosen schmier ölartigen Produkte überführt.
Es wurde nun gefunden, dass man wirk samere Olzusatzmittel erhält,. wenn man zu ihrer Herstellung speziell solche Paraffin kohlenwasserstoffe bezw. allgemein Stoffe der paraffinischen Reihe, die ein erheblich hö heres Molekulargewicht als HartparafFin besit zen, nämlich ein solches von über 330, besser von 350 und darüber, als Ausgangsstoffe für die Behandlung mit hochgespannten, zweck müssig hochfrequenten Strömen verwendet.
Als Ausgangsstoffe zur Erzeugung des Zu satzmittels kommen Paraffinwachs oder sol ches in erheblicher Menge enthaltende was serstoffreiche Öle in Betracht, die von Natur aus Anteile mit einem über<B>330</B> liegenden Molekulargewicht aufweisen. Sie können auch durch Mischung hergestellt werden.
Der Gehalt an den hochmolekularen Stoffen der paraffinischen Reihe mit einem über 330 lie genden Molekulargewicht, wie in Ceresin, Ozokerit, Neftegil, Hatchettin, Talg, Mineral fett, Wollfett, Montanwachs oder andern Wachsen, zum Beispiel Bienenwachs und der gleichen, kann zum Beispiel 5, 10, 2,5 % oder mehr betragen.
Ferner kann man hochmole kulare Alkohole, wie Cerylalkohol, oder hochmolekulare Säuren, zum Beispiel Cero- tinsäure, oder hochmolekulare Ester, zum Beispiel die Glyceride von Fettsäuren, wie Stearinsäure, Palmitinsäure, Laurinsäure und dergleichen, verwenden. Die erwähnten hochmolekularen Kohlenwasserstoffe können auch synthetisch hergestellt werden, zum Beispiel durch elektrolytische Behandlung von Fettsäuren.
Bei der Behandlung der genannten Stoffe mit stillen elektrischen Entladungen in Siemens-Ozonröhren oder andern Voltolappa- raten verwendet man zweckmässig ein Ver dünnungsmittel, das vor, während oder nach der elektrischen Behandlung zugesetzt wer den kann.
Als solche kommen Hart- oder Weichparaffin oder solche in erheblicher Menge enthaltende wasserstoffreiche Öle, wie Petrolatum, Paraffingatsch, Vaselin, Paraf fin enthaltende Rohschmieröle oder derglei chen oder andere Öle, wie Paraffinöle, Spin- delöl, Maschinenöl, Teeröl, Zylinderöl, hy drierte Naphtaline, hochsiedende, zweck mässig wasserstoffreiche Hydrierprodukte, kohlenstoffhaltige Substanzen, wasserstoff reiche aromatische Öle oder dergleichen in Frage. Das Verdünnungsmittel kann hierbei, insbesondere wenn es schon zu Beginn zu gesetzt wird, zum Teil oder sogar vollständig mit umgewandelt werden.
Den Ausgangs stoffen können ferner auch - aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, falls solche in diesen nicht enthalten sind, wie zum Beispiel Naph- taline, oder solche von noch höherem Molekulargewieht, beispielsweise Anthracen, Phenanthren etc. zugesetzt werden; man kann auch Kondensations- bezw. Poly-merisations- produkte von niedrigmolekularen ungesättig ten Kohlenwasserstoffen oder dergleichen zu geben.
Zweckmässig wird unveränderter Ausgangsstoff, sowie Verdünnungsmittel, so weit es an der Umwandlung nicht teilgenom men hat, nach erfolgter Behandlung durch Destillation oder mit Hilfe eines Lösungsmit tels von dem Kondensationsprodukt abge trennt.
Die erhaltenen viskosen Produkte wer den erfindungsgemäss als Zusatzmittel zu Schmierölen verwendet. Sie besitzen den Vorteil, schon in ganz geringen Mengen die Eigenschaften der Schmieröle zu verbessern, zum Beispiel den Stockpunkt von gewöhn lichem Schmieröl ganz erheblich zu erniedri- gen und die Viskositätskurve zu verflachen. Man kann beispielsweise durch Zusatz von 0,1 bis 107o, zweckmässig 0,1 bis 31'o, den Stockpunkt von Schmierölen um 10 bis 40 C erniedrigen.
Die erwähnte elektrische Behandlung kann in Gegenwart von Gasen oder Dämpfen, wie Wasserstoff, Stickstoff, Halogenwasser stoff, Halogene, gasförmige gesättigte oder ungesättigte Kohlenivasserstoffe und der- 0 <B>0-</B> e ichen, ausgeführt werden. Die Verwen dung schaumbildender Mittel, wie Saponin, Sulfosäuren und deren Salze, hochmoleku lare Fettsäuren, wie Olsäuren, ist von Vor teil.
Ferner können Stoffe, wie aktive Kohle, aktive Kieselsäure und dergleichen zuge gen sein, oder Metalloxyde, wie Zinkoxyd, Cadmiumoxyd, Molybdänoxyd, Wolfram- oxyd, Chromoxyd oder Halogenverbindungen von Metalloiden, wie Schwefel, Phosphor, Bor oder dergleichen, oder von Metallen, wie Kupfer, Silber, Magnesium, Titan, Vanadin, Molybdän, Wolfram, Chrom, Nickel, Kobalt oder dergleichen, oder Halogenverbindungen von Benzol, Toluol, Xylol, Naphtalin, sowie Methyl-, Äthyl-,
Methylen-, Äthylenchlorid-, jodid oder -bromid. <I>Beispiel 1:</I> Ceresin vom Schmelzpunkt<B>73'</B> C wird bei Temperaturen oberhalb seines Schmelz punktes, zum Beispiel bei 80 bis<B>100'</B> C, in einer Siemens-Ozonröhre unter einem Druck von zirka 5 bis 10 mm Hg mit elektrischen Entladungen bei zirka 7000 Volt und 1000 Perioden<B>215</B> bis 30 Stunden lang behandelt, wobei nach 20 bis 22 Stunden die gleiche Menge Hartparaffin vom Schmelzpunkt 50 C als Verdünnungsmittel zugegeben wird.
Das erhaltene Gemisch wird dann einer Vakuum- Wasserdampf-Destillation bis 280 C unter worfen, wodurch das zugesetzte Paraffin und etwa entstandene niedrigsiedende Produkte abdestilliert werden. Setzt man von dem so erhaltenen Kondensationsprodukt 0,3 % einem 01 zu, das bei 0 C stockt, so wird der Stock punkt auf -25 C erniedrigt.
Deispiel <I>2:</I> Ein aus 80 Teilen Hartparaffin und 20 Teilen Ceresin bestehendes Gemisch wird bei 80 C in einer Siemens-Ozonröhre unter einem Druck von 5 bis 10 mm Hg mit stillen elektrischen Entladungen von zirka 7000 Volt und 4000 Hertz 10 Stunden lang behan delt. Das erhaltene Gemisch wird dann einer Vakuum-Wasserdampfdestillation bei 2.80 C unterworfen, wodurch geringe Mengen nicht vollständig umgesetzten Paraffins und etwa entstandene niedrigsiedende Produkte ab destilliert: werden.
Setzt man dieses Polymerisationsprodukt einem ,(>1 zu, das bei 0 C stockt, so wird bei einer Zusatzmenge von<B>0,7%</B> der Stockpunkt des Öls auf -25 C erniedrigt.
Process for lowering the pour point of lubricating oils. It is known from high molecular weight, wholly or predominantly composed of hard or soft paraffin hydrocarbons, viscous lubricating oil-like substances that improve their properties in various ways when added to lubricating oils, thereby producing that the starting materials mentioned by halogenation and there. Subsequent condensation in the presence of catalysts or by the action of silent electrical discharges is converted into the viscous, greasy oil-like products.
It has now been found that more effective oil additives are obtained. if you specifically such paraffin hydrocarbons BEZW for their production. In general, substances of the paraffinic series, which have a considerably higher molecular weight than hard paraffin, namely one of more than 330, better of 350 and more, are used as starting materials for treatment with high-tension, expediently high-frequency currents.
As starting materials for the production of the additive, paraffin wax or such oils containing substantial amounts of hydrogen, which naturally have proportions with a molecular weight greater than 330, come into consideration. They can also be made by mixing.
The content of the high-molecular substances of the paraffinic series with a molecular weight above 330, such as in ceresin, ozokerite, neftegil, hatchettin, tallow, mineral fat, wool fat, montan wax or other waxes, for example beeswax and the like, can be, for example 5 , 10, 2.5% or more.
It is also possible to use high molecular weight alcohols, such as ceryl alcohol, or high molecular weight acids, for example cerotic acid, or high molecular weight esters, for example the glycerides of fatty acids, such as stearic acid, palmitic acid, lauric acid and the like. The high molecular weight hydrocarbons mentioned can also be produced synthetically, for example by electrolytic treatment of fatty acids.
When treating the substances mentioned with silent electrical discharges in Siemens ozone tubes or other Voltolappa apparatuses, it is advisable to use a diluent that can be added before, during or after the electrical treatment.
These include hard or soft paraffin or those oils rich in hydrogen, such as petrolatum, slack wax, vaseline, paraffin-containing crude lubricating oils or the like or other oils, such as paraffin oils, spindle oil, machine oil, tar oil, cylinder oil, hydrogenated naphthalene , high-boiling, suitably hydrogen-rich hydrogenation products, carbon-containing substances, hydrogen-rich aromatic oils or the like in question. The diluent can be converted in part or even completely, especially if it is used at the beginning.
The starting materials can also - aromatic hydrocarbons, if they are not contained in these, such as naphthalenes, or those of even higher molecular weight, such as anthracene, phenanthrene, etc .; you can also condensation or. To give polymerization products of low molecular weight unsaturated hydrocarbons or the like.
Unchanged starting material and diluents, if they have not participated in the conversion, are expediently separated from the condensation product after treatment by distillation or with the aid of a solvent.
The viscous products obtained are used according to the invention as additives to lubricating oils. They have the advantage of improving the properties of the lubricating oils even in very small quantities, for example by considerably lowering the pour point of ordinary lubricating oil and flattening the viscosity curve. It is possible, for example, to lower the pour point of lubricating oils by 10 to 40 ° C. by adding 0.1 to 10 7 °, expediently 0.1 to 31 °.
The electrical treatment mentioned can be carried out in the presence of gases or vapors, such as hydrogen, nitrogen, hydrogen halide, halogens, gaseous saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons and the like. The use of foam-forming agents, such as saponin, sulfonic acids and their salts, high-molecular fatty acids such as oleic acids, is advantageous.
In addition, substances such as active carbon, active silica and the like can be added, or metal oxides such as zinc oxide, cadmium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, chromium oxide or halogen compounds of metalloids such as sulfur, phosphorus, boron or the like, or of metals such as Copper, silver, magnesium, titanium, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, chromium, nickel, cobalt or the like, or halogen compounds of benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene, as well as methyl, ethyl,
Methylene, ethylene chloride, iodide or bromide. <I> Example 1: </I> Ceresin with a melting point of <B> 73 '</B> C is at temperatures above its melting point, for example at 80 to <B> 100' </B> C, in a Siemens -Ozone tube treated under a pressure of about 5 to 10 mm Hg with electrical discharges at about 7000 volts and 1000 periods <B> 215 </B> for up to 30 hours, with the same amount of hard paraffin with a melting point of 50 ° C after 20 to 22 hours is added as a diluent.
The mixture obtained is then subjected to vacuum steam distillation up to 280 ° C., whereby the added paraffin and any low-boiling products formed are distilled off. If 0.3% of the condensation product obtained in this way is added to an oil which stagnates at 0.degree. C., the pour point is lowered to -25.degree.
Example <I> 2: </I> A mixture consisting of 80 parts of hard paraffin and 20 parts of ceresin is heated at 80 C in a Siemens ozone tube under a pressure of 5 to 10 mm Hg with silent electrical discharges of about 7000 volts and 4000 Hertz Treated for 10 hours. The mixture obtained is then subjected to vacuum steam distillation at 2.80 ° C., as a result of which small amounts of incompletely converted paraffin and any low-boiling products that have formed are distilled off.
If this polymerization product is added to a (> 1, which stagnates at 0 C, the pour point of the oil is lowered to -25 C with an addition amount of 0.7%.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE230632X | 1940-04-29 | ||
| DE170457X | 1957-04-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH170457A true CH170457A (en) | 1934-07-15 |
Family
ID=25754702
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH170457D CH170457A (en) | 1940-04-29 | 1933-03-06 | Process for lowering the pour point of lubricating oils. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CH (1) | CH170457A (en) |
-
1933
- 1933-03-06 CH CH170457D patent/CH170457A/en unknown
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