CH185206A - Process for obtaining metallic sodium. - Google Patents
Process for obtaining metallic sodium.Info
- Publication number
- CH185206A CH185206A CH185206DA CH185206A CH 185206 A CH185206 A CH 185206A CH 185206D A CH185206D A CH 185206DA CH 185206 A CH185206 A CH 185206A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- metallic sodium
- sodium
- liquid ammonia
- cathode
- obtaining metallic
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 title claims description 15
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ODZPKZBBUMBTMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium amide Chemical compound [NH2-].[Na+] ODZPKZBBUMBTMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000000177 Indigofera tinctoria Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015895 biscuits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940097275 indigo Drugs 0.000 description 1
- COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N indigo powder Natural products N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C1=C1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2N1 COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/02—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of alkali or alkaline earth metals
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Description
Procédé pour obtenir du sodium métallique. L'invention concerne un procédé pour ob tenir du sodium métallique, l'invention ayant pour but l'obtention de sodium métallique par un procédé simple et économique compa rativement au procédé connu selon lequel des sels fondus sont traités électrolytiquement.
Conformément à l'invention, du chlorure de sodium est dissous dans de l'ammoniaque liquide et la solution soumise à une électro lyse en utilisant un diaphragme tel que par exemple de la toile d'amiante, de l'alundum cuit ou poreux, empêchant la diffusion réci proque de l'anolyte et du catholyte.
Comme cathode, il est utilisé une matière qui n'accélère pas catalytiquement la très lente réaction, Na + NH3 liq. = Na NH, -f- H, par exemple, Al, Mg, Cd, Sn, Zn, ou du zinc amalgamé.
Le sodium métallique produit à la cathode se dissout dans l'ammoniaque liquide et forme une solution colorée dont on obtient du so dium métallique par évaporation de l'ammo- niaque liquide, après séparation du catholyte d'avec l'anolyte.
Les ions agissent plus rapidement dans l'ammoniaque liquide que dans l'eau et, par tant, améliorent la conductivité des solutions salines, même si la concentration est plus faible que dans des solutions d'eau. Par con séquent, l'énergie électrique nécessaire pour l'électrolyse du chlorure de sodium dans de l'ammoniaque liquide est relativement faible.
Ci-après est décrit un exemple de mise en aeuvre du procédé selon l'invention.
On dissout 2 à 15 parties de chlorure de sodium dans 100 parties d'ammoniaque liquide et électrolyse la solution à - 30 à 5 C, en utilisant Al, Mg, Cd, Zn, Sn ou du zinc amalgamé comme cathode, et du graphite comme anode. On sépare les deux électrodes l'une de l'autre par un diaphragme tel que par exemple de la toile d'amiante, de l'alundum poreux ou biscuit. La densité du courant employé est de 0,5 à 18 amp. par dma pour la cathode, et le voltage aux bor nes, de 5 à 20 volts.
Le sodium métallique libéré à la cathode par l'électrolyse se dissout dans l'ammonia que liquide et la concentration du sodium métallique dans l'ammoniaque liquide aug mente graduellement jusqu'à ce qu'elle ait atteint 0,5 à 6 gr Na par 100 gr NH3, bien que la concentration du sodium dans l'ammo niaque liquide varie selon la condition de l'é lectrolyse.
A mesure que la concentration du sodium dans l'ammoniaque liquide augmente, la so lution varie de l'indigo bleu foncé à la cou leur cuivre foncée.
Le chlore libéré à l'anode réagit immé diatement avec l'ammoniaque liquide pour produire du chlorure d'ammonium et du ni trogène.
Le catholyte et l'anolyte sont amenés fré quemment et séparément dans des récipients et lorsque l'ammoniaque liquide est évaporé, du sodium métallique brillant et du chlorure d'ammonium sont obtenus respectivement du catholyte et de l'anolyte. Ces produits sont contaminés d'une petite quantité de chlorure de sodium. Il est possible, cas échéant, de séparer par fusion le sodium métallique d'avec le chlorure de sodium.
Un mélange d'hydrogène et de nitrogène résultant probablement de la décomposition de l'ammoniaque par l'électrolyse est recueilli et peut être utilisé pour la synthèse d'ammo niaque.
Si une électrode en platine était utilisée comme cathode, de l'amide de sodium serait formé par l'action catalytique du métal. C'est pourquoi il n'est pas désirable d'employer un métal tel que le platine, le fer, etc. quia un effet catalytique pour la formation de l'amide de sodium.
Process for obtaining metallic sodium. The invention relates to a process for obtaining metallic sodium, the object of the invention being to obtain metallic sodium by a simple and economical process compared to the known process according to which molten salts are treated electrolytically.
In accordance with the invention, sodium chloride is dissolved in liquid ammonia and the solution subjected to electrolysis using a diaphragm such as, for example, asbestos cloth, baked or porous alundum, preventing the reciprocal diffusion of the anolyte and the catholyte.
As the cathode there is used a material which does not catalytically accelerate the very slow reaction, Na + NH3 liq. = Na NH, -f- H, for example, Al, Mg, Cd, Sn, Zn, or amalgamated zinc.
The metallic sodium produced at the cathode dissolves in liquid ammonia and forms a colored solution from which metallic sodium is obtained by evaporation of the liquid ammonia after separation of the catholyte from the anolyte.
Ions act more quickly in liquid ammonia than in water and therefore improve the conductivity of saline solutions, even if the concentration is lower than in water solutions. Therefore, the electrical energy required for the electrolysis of sodium chloride in liquid ammonia is relatively low.
Below is described an example of implementation of the method according to the invention.
2 to 15 parts of sodium chloride are dissolved in 100 parts of liquid ammonia and the solution electrolysed at -30 to 5 C, using Al, Mg, Cd, Zn, Sn or amalgamated zinc as the cathode, and graphite as the cathode. anode. The two electrodes are separated from one another by a diaphragm such as for example asbestos cloth, porous alundum or biscuit. The current density used is 0.5 to 18 amps. per dma for the cathode, and the terminal voltage, from 5 to 20 volts.
The metallic sodium liberated at the cathode by electrolysis dissolves in liquid ammonia and the concentration of metallic sodium in liquid ammonia gradually increases until it has reached 0.5 to 6 g Na per 100 gr NH3, although the concentration of sodium in liquid ammonia varies according to the condition of electrolysis.
As the sodium concentration in liquid ammonia increases, the solution varies from dark blue indigo to dark copper color.
Chlorine released at the anode reacts immediately with liquid ammonia to produce ammonium chloride and ni trogen.
The catholyte and the anolyte are fed frequently and separately into containers and when the liquid ammonia is evaporated, bright metallic sodium and ammonium chloride are obtained from the catholyte and the anolyte, respectively. These products are contaminated with a small amount of sodium chloride. It is possible, if necessary, to separate by fusion the metallic sodium from the sodium chloride.
A mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen probably resulting from the decomposition of ammonia by electrolysis is collected and can be used for the synthesis of ammonia.
If a platinum electrode were used as the cathode, sodium amide would be formed by the catalytic action of the metal. Therefore, it is not desirable to use a metal such as platinum, iron, etc. which has a catalytic effect for the formation of sodium amide.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH185206T | 1935-07-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH185206A true CH185206A (en) | 1936-07-15 |
Family
ID=4433546
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH185206D CH185206A (en) | 1935-07-30 | 1935-07-30 | Process for obtaining metallic sodium. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CH (1) | CH185206A (en) |
-
1935
- 1935-07-30 CH CH185206D patent/CH185206A/en unknown
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