CH188801A - Process for the preparation of l-ascorbic acid (vitamin C). - Google Patents
Process for the preparation of l-ascorbic acid (vitamin C).Info
- Publication number
- CH188801A CH188801A CH188801DA CH188801A CH 188801 A CH188801 A CH 188801A CH 188801D A CH188801D A CH 188801DA CH 188801 A CH188801 A CH 188801A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- ascorbic acid
- preparation
- vitamin
- keto
- acid
- Prior art date
Links
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 title description 8
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- 239000002211 L-ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 title 1
- 235000000069 L-ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 title 1
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 title 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 title 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 title 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VBUYCZFBVCCYFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-arabino-2-Hexulosonic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(=O)C(O)=O VBUYCZFBVCCYFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- VBUYCZFBVCCYFD-NUNKFHFFSA-N 2-dehydro-L-idonic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C(=O)C(O)=O VBUYCZFBVCCYFD-NUNKFHFFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen cyanide Chemical compound N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetone alcohol Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005837 enolization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
- C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D307/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D307/62—Three oxygen atoms, e.g. ascorbic acid
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Furan Compounds (AREA)
Description
Verfahren zur Darstellung von 1-Ascorbinsäure (C-Vitamin). Die physiologisch wichtige 1-Ascorbin- säure ist vor kurzem synthetisch aus l-Xylo- son (= l-Lygoson) durch Einwirkung von Blausäure und nachträgliche saure Versei fung bereitet worden. Sie hat sich mit den in der Natur aufgefundenen Körpern als identisch und auch biologisch als wirksames C-Vitamin erwiesen (Helv. Chim. Acta 16, 1933, S. 1019).
Dieses erste Verfahren hat den Vorteil eines sehr allgemeinen Anwendungsbereiches; es hat bisher in allen untersuchten Fällen die entsprechende 3-Ketosäuren, bezw. ihre Anhydride ergeben. Für die spezielle Berei tung der 1-Ascorbinsäure hat es dagegen den Nachteil, dass das nötige Ausgangsmaterial, das Z-Xyloson, nur sehr schwierig und auf kostspieligem Wege zu beschaffen ist. Auf der Suche nach einer technisch besser brauch baren Methode wurde ein weiterer Weg auf gefunden.
Nach diesem Verfahren wird 1-Ascorbinsäure dadurch gewonnen, dass 2- Keto-l-gulonsäure gegebenenfalls nach vor heriger Veresterung zunächst mit zur Enoli- sierung geeigneten alkalischen Mitteln, dann mit starken Säuren behandelt wird (siehe Patent Nr. 174208).
Es wurde nun gefunden, dass sich auch beim Erwärmen der Bismethylenäther-2-keto- l-gulonsäureester bei saurer Reaktion unter Aufspaltung der Äther- und Estergruppen dieselbe Umlagerung vollzieht, und zwar, wie Versuche ergaben, bei Temperaturen von etwa<B>60'</B> an aufwärts mit rasch steigender Geschwindigkeit.
Da die 1-Ascorbinsäure lange andauern des Erhitzen schlecht verträgt, empfiehlt es sich, bei der technischen Durchführung der Umlagerung die Behandlung nach Umwand lung eines Teils der 2-Keto-l-gulonsäure zu unterbrechen, die entstandene Ascorbinsäure in geeigneter Weise abzutrennen, um sie vor Zersetzung zu schützen und mit der zurück gewonnenen 2-Keto-l-gulonsäure dasselbe Ver fahren zu wiederholen.
<I>Beispiel:</I> 15 Teile Diaceton - 2 - keto - l - gulonsäure- allylester werden mit 500 Teilen 18%iger Salzsäure 10 Minuten gekocht. Man kühlt rasch ab und fügt Natronlauge zu, bis die Lösung nur noch schwach kongosauer rea giert. Dann dampft man auf 100 Volumteile ein und filtriert vom ausgeschiedenen Koch salz ab. Nun wird die Lösung gänzlich ein gedampft und der Ewckstand getrocknet. Hierauf kocht man den Rückstand mit 80 Teilen Methylalkohol aus, filtriert und wäscht das Filter zweimal mit je 20 Teilen Methylalkohol.
Die hellgelbe Lösung dampft man auf 20 Volumteile ein, beim Abkühlen fällt die Ascorbinsäure aus. Sie ist nach ein maligem I: mkristallisieren aus Wasser rein.
Process for the preparation of 1-ascorbic acid (C vitamin). The physiologically important 1-ascorbic acid was recently prepared synthetically from l-xylosone (= l-lygosone) through the action of hydrocyanic acid and subsequent acidic saponification. It has proven to be identical to the bodies found in nature and also to be biologically effective as a C vitamin (Helv. Chim. Acta 16, 1933, p. 1019).
This first method has the advantage of being very general in scope; so far it has the corresponding 3-keto acids, respectively in all cases examined. their anhydrides result. For the special preparation of 1-ascorbic acid, however, it has the disadvantage that the necessary starting material, the Z-xyloson, is very difficult and costly to obtain. In the search for a technically more useful method, another way was found.
According to this process, 1-ascorbic acid is obtained by treating 2-keto-1-gulonic acid, optionally after previous esterification, first with alkaline agents suitable for enolization, then with strong acids (see patent no. 174208).
It has now been found that when the bismethylene ether-2-keto-l-gulonic acid ester is heated in an acidic reaction with splitting of the ether and ester groups, the same rearrangement takes place, and indeed, as experiments have shown, at temperatures of about <B> 60 ' </B> on upwards with rapidly increasing speed.
Since 1-ascorbic acid does not tolerate long periods of heating, it is advisable, when carrying out the rearrangement, to interrupt the treatment after converting part of the 2-keto-l-gulonic acid and to separate off the ascorbic acid in a suitable manner to remove it to protect against decomposition and to repeat the same process with the recovered 2-keto-l-gulonic acid.
<I> Example: </I> 15 parts of diacetone - 2 - keto - l - gulonic acid allyl ester are boiled with 500 parts of 18% hydrochloric acid for 10 minutes. It is cooled rapidly and sodium hydroxide solution is added until the solution only reacts slightly acidic to the Congo. Then it is evaporated to 100 parts by volume and the precipitated cooking salt is filtered off. Now the solution is completely evaporated and the residue is dried. The residue is then boiled with 80 parts of methyl alcohol, filtered and the filter is washed twice with 20 parts of methyl alcohol each time.
The light yellow solution is evaporated to 20 parts by volume, the ascorbic acid precipitates on cooling. It is pure after a single crystallization from water.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH188801T | 1933-12-09 | ||
| CH180810T | 1935-06-18 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH188801A true CH188801A (en) | 1937-01-15 |
Family
ID=25720466
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH188801D CH188801A (en) | 1933-12-09 | 1933-12-09 | Process for the preparation of l-ascorbic acid (vitamin C). |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CH (1) | CH188801A (en) |
-
1933
- 1933-12-09 CH CH188801D patent/CH188801A/en unknown
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