CH263665A - Process for producing catalytic organic fertilizers from organic waste, and resulting fertilizer. - Google Patents
Process for producing catalytic organic fertilizers from organic waste, and resulting fertilizer.Info
- Publication number
- CH263665A CH263665A CH263665DA CH263665A CH 263665 A CH263665 A CH 263665A CH 263665D A CH263665D A CH 263665DA CH 263665 A CH263665 A CH 263665A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- waste
- process according
- sub
- organic
- fermentation
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 29
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 title claims description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000009629 microbiological culture Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000589151 Azotobacter Species 0.000 claims description 3
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VLAPMBHFAWRUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-L molybdic acid Chemical compound O[Mo](O)(=O)=O VLAPMBHFAWRUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000008935 nutritious Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- WQEVDHBJGNOKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-K vanadic acid Chemical compound O[V](O)(O)=O WQEVDHBJGNOKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- -1 slush Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 6
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000219823 Medicago Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000010582 Pisum sativum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000004713 Pisum sativum Species 0.000 description 1
- FRYDSOYOHWGSMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].O Chemical class [C].O FRYDSOYOHWGSMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001166 ammonium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000721 bacterilogical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010800 human waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011514 vinification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
- C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
- C05F3/04—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure from human faecal masses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Description
Procede de fabrication d'engrais organiques catalytiques ä partir de dechets organiques, et engrais en resultant. L'invention concerne un pr-oeecle de fabri- cation d'engrais organiques catalytiques ä 1'aide de dechets organiques, tels que gadoues humaines, ordures menageres, dechets organi- ques industriell, boues des villes, etc. Process for the production of catalytic organic fertilizers from organic waste, and fertilizers resulting therefrom. The invention relates to a method for the manufacture of catalytic organic fertilizers using organic waste, such as human slush, household waste, industrial organic waste, city sludge, and the like.
Le traitement des gadoues par etemple, n'a ete effectue jusqu'ici qu'au point de vue extraction des matieres liquides d'oü 1'on retirait des gaz tels que 1'ammoniaque pour la fabrication du sulfate d'ammoniaque, ou encore 1e methane pour la fabrication d'un ca.rburant synthetique. Ces procedes connus, tels que ceux de Lencauchez, Bilange, Kuentz, etc., n'envisagent donc que 1e probleme pure- ment chimique. The treatment of slush, for example, has so far only been carried out from the point of view of extracting liquid materials from which gases such as ammonia were removed for the manufacture of ammonium sulphate, or even 1st methane for the manufacture of a synthetic ca.rburant. These known processes, such as those of Lencauchez, Bilange, Kuentz, etc., therefore only consider the purely chemical problem.
Le residu ou dechet de Bette extraction de NH3 et de CHF, appele digested , etait alors abandonne dans des terrains de parquage. 0n a pourtant dejä procede ä des essais d'utilisa- tion de ces digested comme engrais, mais il s'est avere en pratique que les resultats 6taient decevants et que la raison de ces insucces rgsidait dans 1'absence de toute va- leur fertilisante notable et dans 1e d6veloppe- ment en cours de Fermentation de micro-orga- nismes nuisibles. The residue or waste from Bette extraction of NH3 and CHF, called digested, was then abandoned in parking lots. Attempts have already been made to use these digested as fertilizers, but in practice it turned out that the results were disappointing and that the reason for these failures lay in the absence of any fertilizing value. significant and in the ongoing development of harmful micro-organisms.
11 en resulte que les engrais ä base de di- gested , de meme que ceux ä base de gadoues humaines, mis jusqu'ici sur 1e marclre, sont refusgs en pratique par les agriculteurs et que, Jans 1'impossibilite de trouver une v oie commerciale d'utilisation des gadoues, les ad- nrinistrations publiques se trouvent particu- lierement embarrassees en presence de ce grave probleme de 1'evacuation des gadoues, specialenrent important au point de vue de 1'hygiene. The result is that fertilizers based on digestate, as well as those based on human sludge, hitherto put on the market, are refused in practice by farmers and that, without the impossibility of finding a way commercial use of slush, the public administrations find themselves particularly embarrassed in the presence of this serious problem of the disposal of slush, which is particularly important from the point of view of hygiene.
L'invention eise ä rernedier A, ces difficul- tes et poursuit 1e but de procurer un procede facile et peu onereux de traitement des ga- dones humaines et menageres, des residus organiques industriell, des boues des villes, ete., en vue d'en faire des engmais fertilisants de haut rendement, utilisables avec fruit dans 1'agriculture. The invention aims to overcome these difficulties and pursues the aim of providing an easy and inexpensive process for the treatment of human and household waste, industrial organic residues, urban sludge, etc., with a view to to make high-yield fertilizing fertilizers, usable with fruit in agriculture.
Suivant 1e procede que comprend 1'inven- t.ion, ]es dechets organiques, eventuellement seclres et tamises, sont mis en tas et arroses avec une solut.ion de catalyseurs fertilisants, dont 1'action sirr la croissance des plantes est dejä connue, apres quoi ils sont abandonnes ä la ferrnentation. According to the process which comprises the invention, the organic waste, possibly dry and sieved, is piled up and sprayed with a solution of fertilizing catalysts, the action of which on the growth of plants is already known. , after which they are left to ferment.
0n a trouve, en effet, que 1'utilisation Jans les gadoues de ces catalyseurs fertili- sants avait pour RTI ID="0001.0270" WI="8" HE="4" LX="1338" LY="1897"> effet d'assurer un equilibre entre les fermentations anaerobies et aerobies, et de maintenir la richesse en elements azotes tout en favorisant considerablement 1e deve- loppement des Ferments nitriques et des fone- tions humiques pendant la Fermentation. It was found, in fact, that the use in sludge of these fertilizer catalysts had the effect of RTI ID="0001.0270" WI="8" HE="4" LX="1338" to ensure a balance between anaerobic and aerobic fermentations, and to maintain the richness in nitrogen elements while considerably favoring the development of nitric ferments and humic functions during fermentation.
11 faut comprendre par maintenir la ri- chesse en elernents azotes 1'humification qui se caracterise par la degradation des hy- drates de carbone et la liberation de la ma- tière organique azotée en la débarrassant de sa gangue celluloso-pectique. Or, dans la troi sième phase de l'humification, on peut à la rigueur comprendre la nitrification qui n'est en somme que l'humification complète d'une partie déterminée des matières organiques, les substances azotées. Ce sont des substances azo tées, en quantité suffisante, qui concourent à la formation de matières azotées non préci- pitables et ce sont ces dernières qui se nitri fient plus rapidement. En conclusion, phis il y a d'éléments azotés non précipitables, plus rapide et complète est la nitrification, d'où importance primordiale au point de vue agri cole. Maintaining the richness in nitrogen elements must be understood as humification, which is characterized by the degradation of carbon hydrates and the release of nitrogenous organic matter by ridding it of its cellulose-pectic gangue. Now, in the third phase of humification, one can strictly understand nitrification which is in fact only the complete humification of a determined part of organic matter, the nitrogenous substances. It is nitrogenous substances, in sufficient quantity, which contribute to the formation of non-precipitable nitrogenous materials and it is the latter which nitrify more rapidly. In conclusion, the more non-precipitable nitrogenous elements there are, the more rapid and complete is the nitrification, hence of prime importance from the agricultural point of view.
Des expériences ont été faites sur l'azote de la tourbe, qui ont montré que, comme dans la plupart des produits ligneux, l'azote non précipitable est très peu élevé. Or, sous l'in fluence des sels catalytiques, cet azote non précipitable augmente, ce qui concourt à ume nitrification meilleure. Experiments have been made on the nitrogen of peat, which have shown that, as in most woody products, the non-precipitable nitrogen is very low. However, under the influence of catalytic salts, this non-precipitable nitrogen increases, which contributes to better nitrification.
Pratiquement, afin d'augmenter l'effet de la fermentation et d'accroître encore la valeur fertilisante de l'engrais, les gadoues sont, en outre, éventuellement arrosées de cultures mi crobiennes susceptibles de fixer l'azote de l'air. Practically, in order to increase the effect of the fermentation and to further increase the fertilizing value of the fertilizer, the slush is, in addition, possibly sprayed with microbic cultures capable of fixing nitrogen from the air.
Ces cultures microbiennes introduites dans les gadoues sont constituées de préférence par des Azotobacters, des Amylobacters ou par le Bacillus Radicicola. These microbial cultures introduced into the slush preferably consist of Azotobacters, Amylobacters or Bacillus Radicicola.
Quant aux corps chimiques catalyseurs, il est fait usage de préférence de corps à base de V, de Mo, de Mn et de Cd ou de composés de ces corps associés. As for the catalyst chemical bodies, use is preferably made of bodies based on V, Mo, Mn and Cd or compounds of these associated bodies.
La présence dans les gadoues des cataly seurs fertilisants a pour effet d'accroître in tensément l'activité desdites cultures micro biennes. The presence in the slush of the fertilizing catalysts has the effect of intensely increasing the activity of said microbial cultures.
Dans ce qui suit, on donne, à titre d'exem ple, un mode de fabrication d'engrais à l'aide de gadoues humaines qui contiennent environ 60 à 70% d'eau ou de gadoues déjà traitées pour en extraire l'ammoniaque et le méthane digested qui ne contiennent que 30 à 40 d'eau. Ces gadoues sont tout d'abord ramenées à <B>30%</B> d'humidité environ, par exemple, par simple séchage naturel. In the following, we give, by way of example, a mode of manufacture of fertilizer using human slush which contains approximately 60 to 70% water or slush already treated to extract the ammonia. and digested methane which contain only 30 to 40% water. This slush is first reduced to approximately <B>30%</B> humidity, for example, by simple natural drying.
Elles sont placées en tas et sont retour nées -une ou deux fois par jour suivant la tem pérature ambiante. They are placed in heaps and turned over once or twice a day depending on the ambient temperature.
Comme les gadoues doivent subir une fer mentation ultérieure et que leur composition chimique et biologique ne permet pas un dé part rapide de cette fermentation, il est avan tageux de leur ajouter dès le séchage terminé une certaine quantité de sang d'abattoir, par exemple 20 litres par tonne, ou une autre ma tière organique nutritive pour permettre le départ de la fermentation. Eventuellement, on peut ajouter également comme liant des gadoues ménagères, des résidus provenant de la vinification ou tout autre déchet organi que industriel. As the slush must undergo subsequent fermentation and as its chemical and biological composition does not allow a rapid start of this fermentation, it is advantageous to add to it as soon as the drying is finished a certain quantity of slaughterhouse blood, for example 20 liters per tonne, or other nutritious organic material to allow fermentation to start. Optionally, household slush, residues from winemaking or any other industrial organic waste can also be added as a binder.
Lorsque les gadoues sont ainsi préparées, on leur ajoute, par arrosage, à l'aide d'un liquide préalablement légèrement acidifié, des catalyseurs fertilisants et éventuellement des cultures microbiennes. On emploie, par exemple, une solution aci dulée contenant par litre: Acide vanadique - V20, (1. g environ) Acide molybdique - Mo03 (2 g environ) Braunite - ïvInO,, (2 g environ) Borotungstate de cadmium - Cd3(Bo0,);, 1V03 (0,5 g environ). When the slush is thus prepared, fertilizing catalysts and possibly microbial cultures are added to them, by watering, using a previously slightly acidified liquid. One uses, for example, an acidulated solution containing per litre: Vanadic acid - V20, (about 1. g) Molybdic acid - Mo03 (about 2 g) Braunite - IVInO, (about 2 g) Cadmium borotungstate - Cd3( Bo0,);, 1V03 (approximately 0.5 g).
On peut également faire usage d'une solu tion contenant: Vanadite - Pb@ (VO.,) Cl Molybdinite - MoS@ Pyrolinite - MnO. It is also possible to use a solution containing: Vanadite - Pb@ (VO.) Cl Molybdinite - MoS@ Pyrolinite - MnO.
Borotungstate de cadmium - Cd3 (BoO3) 3 1V 03 dans des proportions analogues. Cadmium borotungstate - Cd3 (BoO3) 3 1V 03 in similar proportions.
Après arrosage avec la solution de cataly seurs, à raison de 1 litre de solution par tonne traitée, on opère éventuellement un second arrosage avec une culture microbienne. Ce second arrosage peut avoir lieu aussitôt après le premier, ou bien encore après un certain temps de fermentation. Comme culture microbienne susceptible de fixer l'azote, il est fait usage, par exemple, d'une culture d'Azotobacters. La préparation de cette culture est opérée en laboratoire sui vant une technique bactériologique connue en partant de la terre arable. After sprinkling with the catalyst solution, at the rate of 1 liter of solution per tonne treated, a second sprinkling is optionally carried out with a microbial culture. This second watering can take place immediately after the first, or even after a certain fermentation time. As a microbial culture capable of fixing nitrogen, use is made, for example, of a culture of Azotobacters. The preparation of this culture is carried out in the laboratory following a known bacteriological technique, starting from arable land.
On peut aussi utiliser une culture du Ba- cillus Radicicola préparée selon la même tech nique, mais obtenue à partir des nodosités des racines de luzerne ou de pois. It is also possible to use a culture of Bacillus Radicicola prepared according to the same technique, but obtained from the nodules of the roots of alfalfa or peas.
De même, il peut être fait usage d'une culture d' Amy lobacters, de microbes d'humifi- cation comme les hyphomycètes, etc. Similarly, use may be made of a culture of Amy lobacters, humification microbes such as hyphomycetes, etc.
On peut. aussi faire usage de bactéries cel lulosiques dans le cas de décomposition diffi cile de matières cellulosiques. Or, on sait que de nombreuses celluloses sont d'inégale ré sistance à la décomposition, par exemple: les déchets provenant de la saccharification du bois par divers procédés; que ces déchets tels quels ne possèdent aucune valeur comme hu mus et ne peuvent être transformables que si, au préalable, ces déchets ligneux ont été trai tés par des bactéries cellulosiques. Ce n'est du reste que dans ce cas que l'on fait usage de ces bactéries. We can. also make use of cellulosic bacteria in the case of diffi cult decomposition of cellulosic materials. However, it is known that many celluloses are of unequal resistance to decomposition, for example: waste from the saccharification of wood by various processes; that this waste as is has no value as humus and can only be transformed if, beforehand, this ligneous waste has been treated by cellulosic bacteria. It is only in this case that we make use of these bacteria.
Les gadoues ayant ainsi reçu leurs élé ments catalyseurs fertilisants et une culture microbienne sont alors mises en tas de 1,50 m environ et abandonnées à la fermentation. Celle-ci ne doit pas nécessairement être très active. Elle a pour but simplement d'activer la flore bactérienne et de provoquer une hu- mification intense. La température ne doit pas, de préférence, dépasser 40 . On effectue, lorsque c'est nécessaire, des retournages pour provoquer une fermentation régulière et ho mogène, et empêcher la température de mon ter. The slush having thus received its fertilizing catalyst elements and a microbial culture are then placed in heaps of about 1.50 m and left to ferment. It doesn't have to be very active. Its purpose is simply to activate the bacterial flora and to cause intense humification. The temperature should preferably not exceed 40 . When necessary, turning is done to bring about regular and homogeneous fermentation, and to prevent the temperature from rising.
La fermentation dure environ 4 à 5 jours, quelquefois plus suivant. la température am biante. Fermentation lasts about 4 to 5 days, sometimes longer. Room temperature.
Dès que la fermentation est terminée, on ramène la réaction du milieu à un pH de 7,5 environ par neutralisation à la. chaux, et le produit est. alors tanisé et ensaché pour la vente. As soon as the fermentation is complete, the reaction medium is brought to a pH of approximately 7.5 by neutralization with the. lime, and the product is. then tanned and bagged for sale.
Suivant une variante du procédé, l'intro- duction de la culture microbienne n'a lieu qu'après la fermentation, au moment du tamisage et de l'ensachage. According to a variant of the process, the introduction of the microbial culture takes place only after the fermentation, at the time of sieving and bagging.
Grâce au procédé décrit, on réalise une fabrication peu onéreuse d'un engrais par fait par addition conjointe de catalyseurs et de cultures microbiennes, engrais qui, à l'usage, montre des qualités insoupçonnées au point de vue du rendement en culture. Thanks to the process described, an inexpensive manufacture of a perfect fertilizer is achieved by the joint addition of catalysts and microbial cultures, a fertilizer which, in use, shows unsuspected qualities from the point of view of crop yield.
C'est ainsi notamment que des essais d'en semencement ont été faits dans une terre quelconque non traitée, servant de témoin, et dans des échantillons de même terre traitée respectivement au moyen d'une culture micro bienne, d'une part, d'une solution de cataly seurs (0,005 % ), d'autre part, et enfin au moyen d'un mélange de culture microbienne et de catalyseurs. Les résultats suivants ont été obtenus: a) terre stérile - pas de végétation; b) terre témoin - faible végétation; c) terre traitée avec culture microbienne - végétation lente; d) terre traitée avec catalyseurs - végé tation rapide; e) terre traitée avec culture microbienne et catalyseurs - végétation belle et très ra pide. It is thus in particular that seeding tests were carried out in any untreated soil, serving as a control, and in samples of the same soil treated respectively by means of a microbial culture, on the one hand, of 'a solution of catalysts (0.005% ), on the other hand, and finally by means of a mixture of microbial culture and catalysts. The following results were obtained: a) barren land - no vegetation; (b) control land - low vegetation; c) soil treated with microbial culture - slow growing; d) soil treated with catalysts - rapid growth; e) soil treated with microbial culture and catalysts - beautiful and very fast vegetation.
Une culture de luzerne a donné pour la terre témoin 40 g de semences et pour la terre traitée par la culture microbienne et les catalyseurs 260 g de semences. An alfalfa crop gave 40 g of seed for the control soil and 260 g of seed for the soil treated with the microbial culture and the catalysts.
Ainsi, le traitement qui vient d'être dé crit apporte aux gadoues, négligées jusqu'ici, tous les éléments favorables à leur utilisation comme engrais de haute valeur. Il y a 1 Apport de sels catalytiques actifs. Thus, the treatment which has just been described brings to the sludge, neglected until now, all the favorable elements for its use as high-value fertilizer. There is 1 input of active catalytic salts.
2 Apport de microbes symbiotiques et aptes à fixer l'azote. 2 Contribution of symbiotic microbes capable of fixing nitrogen.
3 Apport d'humates par humification lors de la fermentation. 3 Addition of humates by humification during fermentation.
Ainsi sont réunies scientifiquement et pra tiquement les activités fertilisantes qui man quaient aux gadoues, et cela par transforma tion chimico-biologique en milieu catalyseur, d'une matière inerte par elle-même. Thus are brought together scientifically and practically the fertilizing activities which were lacking in sludge, and this by chemical-biological transformation into a catalytic medium, of a material which is inert by itself.
L'avantage du procédé selon l'invention est sans conteste le prix de revient presque nul de l'engrais obtenu par suite de l'absence de valeur de la matière première traitée et de la dépense minime à faire pour les matières de traitement (catalyseurs, éventuellement bactéries), à y introduire. The advantage of the process according to the invention is undoubtedly the almost zero cost price of the fertilizer obtained due to the lack of value of the treated raw material and the minimal expenditure to be made for the treatment materials (catalysts , possibly bacteria), to be introduced therein.
La mise en oeuvre de ce procédé permet de fabriquer ainsi un engrais organique cata lytique très bon marché à la'portée de tous les cultivateurs. Il permet enfin de débarras ser les administrations publiques d'un très gros souci, le problème des gadoues étant de ceux qui, dans les budgets, n'entraînent que des dépenses stériles d'évacuation et de par- quage. The implementation of this process thus makes it possible to manufacture a very inexpensive catalytic organic fertilizer within the reach of all growers. Finally, it makes it possible to rid the public administrations of a very big concern, the problem of slush being one of those which, in the budgets, only entails sterile expenditure for evacuation and parking.
Claims (14)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE263665X | 1941-03-05 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH263665A true CH263665A (en) | 1949-09-15 |
Family
ID=3866780
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH263665D CH263665A (en) | 1941-03-05 | 1945-07-13 | Process for producing catalytic organic fertilizers from organic waste, and resulting fertilizer. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CH (1) | CH263665A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2615069A1 (en) * | 1987-05-15 | 1988-11-18 | Bernard Michel | Process for activating the germination and growth of plants |
-
1945
- 1945-07-13 CH CH263665D patent/CH263665A/en unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2615069A1 (en) * | 1987-05-15 | 1988-11-18 | Bernard Michel | Process for activating the germination and growth of plants |
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