CH280195A - Process for the production of artificial leather. - Google Patents
Process for the production of artificial leather.Info
- Publication number
- CH280195A CH280195A CH280195DA CH280195A CH 280195 A CH280195 A CH 280195A CH 280195D A CH280195D A CH 280195DA CH 280195 A CH280195 A CH 280195A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- process according
- solutions
- artificial leather
- pressed
- fibers
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000002649 leather substitute Substances 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical group O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical group OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 coloring matters Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
- D04H1/64—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions
- D04H1/645—Impregnation followed by a solidification process
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
- D04H1/587—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives characterised by the bonding agents used
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/59—Polyamides; Polyimides
- D06M15/595—Derivatives obtained by substitution of a hydrogen atom of the carboxamide radical
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/12—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins
- D06N3/125—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyamides
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Synthetic Leather, Interior Materials Or Flexible Sheet Materials (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Description
Procédé pour la fabrication de cuir artificiel. On connaît des procédés pour la fabrica tion de cuir artificiel où l'on utilise comme matière première des fibres de polyamide ou d'autres fibres ou, le cas échéant, une masse amorphe, obtenue par précipitation de solu tions de polyamides. Pour conférer aux fibres polyamidiques l'aptitude<B>à</B> se lier entre elles,<B>il</B> faut traiter leur surface par des agents corrosifs, par exemple par l'acide chlorhydrique. Ce traitement cependant doit être effectué avec de grandes précautions, surtout quand il s'agit des fibres minces, pour ne pas altérer leur structure.
Le procédé de fabrication de cuir artificiel selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que des masses fibreuses, constituées au moins en partie de fibres polvamidiques, sont impré gnées avec des solutions de polymères linéaires contenant de l'azote (par exemple<B>de</B> poay.- uréthanes ou de polyamides et de préférence <B>(le</B> polyamides modifiées par la formaldéhyde et le méthanol) et pressées.
L'invention permet d'obtenir un cuir arti ficiel -de grande valeur, présentant une per méabilité, une flexibilité, une solidité et une durabilité élevées. L'imprégnation de la masse fibreuse, sous forme par exemple (le nappe ou de feutre, tendu ou non tendu, peut s'effectuer par immersion, par projection ou par enduction. Les solutions de polyamides ou de polyuréthanes peuvent contenir<B>des</B> additions appropriées, telles que des pigiuents, des matières colorantes, des charges, des ra- mollissants, etc. Après l'imprégnation, la nappe ou<B>le</B> feutre est de préférence séché, au: moins partiellement, puis pressé dans une presse ou entre des cylindres.
L'opération petit être répétée plusieurs f ois jusqu'à ce qu'on obtienne une porosité et une épaisseur convenable pour le cuir artificiel. En proje tant une couche plus épaisse de la solution de polyamide sur une face, on petit former la fleur du cuir. Le cuir artificiel peut être traité<B>à</B> l'aide des machines d'apprêt habi tuelles pour former une fleur, un dessin, une gravure, etc. <B>Il</B> va sans dire qu'ensuite le cuir peut être verni oucoloré, pour autant que des libres colorées n'ont pas été -utilisées comme matière première.
Lorsqu'on utilise des polyamides modifiées par la formaldéhyde et le méthanol, celles-ci, après un certain temps, perdent leur sGlubi- lité, leurs autres qualités restant cependant inchangées. Le présent procédé a cet avait- tage qu'on peut travailler avec des solutions -froides sans que l'uniformité du produit en soit réduite.
Pour augmenter F-aniformité dit cuir obtenu, on peut le soumettre<B>à</B> un nou veau pressage, de préférence<B>à</B> l'état huinide. Comme matière première de base on peut, donc utiliser des fibres de polyamides seules ou en mélange avec des fibres naturelleq ou d'autres fibres artificielles.
Il va sans dire que la nappe ou le feutre peut être préparé de manière variée; le cas échéant, on peut utiliser un tissu au Heu dune nappe. De même, on peut combiner la nappe avec un tissu léger, lequel, après l'im prégnation par une solution de polyamides et après le pressage, sunit <B>à</B> perfection avec la nappe ou avec le feutre. Dans,ce cas,<B>le</B> tissu forme, de préférence, la base de la fleur du cuir.
On peut choisir des fibres de même titre ou un mélange de fibres de titre différent. De même, la longueur des fibres peut être adaptée<B>à</B> la fin désirée, Comme solvant pour les polyamides niodi- fiées, les alcools aliphatiques inférieurs ou leurs mélanges sont les plus convenables. Le pressage ou le calandrage de la nappe, impré gnée par la solution de polyamides, peut être effectué, le #cas échéant, encore avant le sé- ,cha.ge complet, et ceci au -cas où l'on utilise, par exemple, des fibres plus épaisses dont l'élasticité empêche de les presser<B>à</B> l'épaisseur désirée.
En modifiant le processus de fabrication, on peut obtenir des produits possédant des qualités différentes, surtout quant<B>à</B> la per méabilité pourdes gaz etdes vapeurs. <I>Exemple<B>1:</B></I> On utilise 40 parties de libres coupées de viscose, obtenues par filature<B>à</B> sec, d'un titre moyen de<B>15</B> den., et<B>60</B> parties de libres cou pées, formées de déchets de libres de e-capro- lactame polymérisé, de titre varié, et on en prépare sur le loup-briseur une nappe d'une épaisseur voisine de 4 em sur laquelle ensuite on projette, des deux côtés,
une solution d'une partie de polyamide modifiée par la form- aldéhyde et le méthanol dans<B>6</B> parties d'étha- nol et contenant une matière colorante conve nable. La bande de la masse fibreuse est con duite<B>à</B> travers une chambre<B>à</B> sécher par dessus une série de cylindres rotatifs, alterna tivement d'en haut vers le bas et d'en bas vers le haut et ensuite entre les cylindres froids de trois calandres, placées l'une<B>à</B> la suite<B>de</B> l'autre. L'un des cylindres de la dernière ca landre porte un dessin en relief pour former la fleur du cuir artificiel. Le produit possède une bonne perméabilité aux gaz et aux va- peurs et en même temps une solidité considé rable.
Le côté envers peut être saupoudré, le cas échéant, après la projection d#une couche ulté rieure de la solution de polyamide, de courtes fibres fines, le tout étant ensuite pressé de nouveau. Exemple 2: On a préparé de la même manière qu'à l'exemple<B>1</B> une nappe en utilisant<B>100</B> parties de déchets des libres de e.-caprolactame poly mérisé.
Après l'imprégnation par 2 parties de la même polyamide, modifiée par la form- aldéhyde et le méthanol, dans<B>11</B> parties d'éthanol et contenant de l'ocre comme<B>pig-</B> ment, la masse fibreuse a été séchée, pressée entre deux cylindres, munie d'une couche ulté rieure de la même solution, projetée sur l'un des côtés et, après un nouveau séchage, pres sée encore une fois entre des cylindres dont l'un,porte undessin pour former la. fleur. Le cuir artificiel obtenu est caractérisé par une solidité et une résistance<B>à</B> l'eau et<B>à</B> diverses matières chimiques, supérieure<B>à</B> celle du pro duit de l'exemple<B>1.</B>
Le cuir artificiel, obtenu conformément<B>à,</B> l'invention, résiste d'ordinaire<B>à</B> l'eau, même <B>à</B> chaud, aux huiles, aux matières grasses,<B>à</B> la benzine,<B>à</B> d'autres solvants et aux ingrédients chimiques courants, excepté aux acides forts et aux lessives alcalines concentrés.
Process for the production of artificial leather. Processes are known for the manufacture of artificial leather in which polyamide fibers or other fibers or, where appropriate, an amorphous mass, obtained by precipitation of polyamide solutions are used as raw material. In order to give polyamide fibers the ability <B> to </B> bond with each other, <B> it </B> must be treated on their surface with corrosive agents, for example with hydrochloric acid. This treatment, however, must be carried out with great care, especially when it comes to thin fibers, so as not to alter their structure.
The process for manufacturing artificial leather according to the invention is characterized in that the fibrous masses, consisting at least in part of polvamide fibers, are impregnated with solutions of linear polymers containing nitrogen (for example <B> of </B> poay.- urethanes or polyamides and preferably <B> (the </B> polyamides modified by formaldehyde and methanol) and pressed.
The invention provides a high value artificial leather exhibiting high permeability, flexibility, strength and durability. The impregnation of the fibrous mass, for example in the form (the sheet or of felt, stretched or not stretched, can be carried out by immersion, by spraying or by coating. The polyamide or polyurethane solutions can contain <B> of </B> suitable additions, such as pigments, coloring matters, fillers, softeners, etc. After impregnation, the web or <B> </B> felt is preferably dried, at: less partially, then pressed in a press or between rolls.
The operation may be repeated several times until a porosity and thickness suitable for the artificial leather is obtained. By spraying a thicker layer of the polyamide solution on one side, the grain of the leather is formed. Artificial leather can be processed <B> with </B> using conventional finishing machines to form a flower, design, engraving, etc. <B> It </B> goes without saying that the leather can then be varnished or colored, provided that colored fibers have not been used as a raw material.
When polyamides modified with formaldehyde and methanol are used, these, after a certain time, lose their glubility, their other qualities, however, remaining unchanged. The present process has the advantage that it is possible to work with cold solutions without reducing the uniformity of the product.
To increase the so-called leather uniformity obtained, it can be subjected <B> to </B> a new pressing, preferably <B> in </B> the wet state. As basic raw material, it is therefore possible to use polyamide fibers alone or as a mixture with natural fibers or other artificial fibers.
It goes without saying that the tablecloth or the felt can be prepared in a variety of ways; where appropriate, a fabric can be used instead of a tablecloth. Likewise, the web can be combined with a light fabric which, after impregnation with a polyamide solution and after pressing, is perfectly matched with the web or with the felt. In this case, <B> the </B> fabric preferably forms the base of the grain of the leather.
One can choose fibers of the same titer or a mixture of fibers of different titer. Likewise, the length of the fibers can be tailored to the desired end. As the solvent for the niodified polyamides, lower aliphatic alcohols or mixtures thereof are most suitable. The pressing or calendering of the web, impregnated with the polyamide solution, can be carried out, if necessary, even before the complete drying, and this in the case where one uses, for example , thicker fibers whose elasticity prevents them from being pressed <B> to </B> the desired thickness.
By modifying the manufacturing process, products with different qualities can be obtained, especially in the <B> to </B> permeability for gases and vapors. <I>Example<B>1:</B> </I> 40 parts of viscose cut loose pieces are used, obtained by spinning <B> at </B> dry, with an average count of <B> 15 </B> den., And <B> 60 </B> parts of free cut, formed from waste of free of polymerized e-caprolactam, of varying strength, and a sheet is prepared on the wolf-breaker with a thickness close to 4 em onto which we then project, on both sides,
a solution of one part polyamide modified with formaldehyde and methanol in <B> 6 </B> parts of ethanol and containing a suitable coloring matter. The web of fibrous mass is led <B> through </B> through a <B> </B> drying chamber over a series of rotating cylinders, alternately from top to bottom and from top to bottom. bottom to top and then between the cold rolls of three calenders, placed one <B> to </B> following <B> of </B> the other. One of the cylinders of the last chalk bears a design in relief to form the flower of the artificial leather. The product has good permeability to gases and vapors and at the same time considerable strength.
The reverse side can be sprinkled, if desired, after spraying a further layer of the polyamide solution, with short fine fibers, the whole then being pressed again. Example 2: A web was prepared in the same manner as in Example <B> 1 </B> using <B> 100 </B> parts of waste fibers of poly merized e.-caprolactam.
After impregnation with 2 parts of the same polyamide, modified by formaldehyde and methanol, in <B> 11 </B> parts of ethanol and containing ocher as <B> pig - </ B > ment, the fibrous mass was dried, pressed between two rolls, provided with a subsequent layer of the same solution, projected onto one of the sides and, after further drying, pressed again between rolls of which one, carries a drawing to form the. flower. The artificial leather obtained is characterized by a strength and a resistance <B> to </B> water and <B> to </B> various chemical materials, superior <B> to </B> that of the product of example <B> 1. </B>
Artificial leather, obtained in accordance with <B> the </B> invention, is usually resistant <B> to </B> water, even <B> to </B> hot, oils, fats, <B> to </B> benzine, <B> to </B> other solvents and common chemical ingredients, except strong acids and concentrated alkaline lyes.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS280195X | 1947-06-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH280195A true CH280195A (en) | 1952-01-15 |
Family
ID=5451939
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH280195D CH280195A (en) | 1947-06-10 | 1948-06-02 | Process for the production of artificial leather. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CH (1) | CH280195A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1068660B (en) * | 1954-10-01 | 1959-11-12 | ||
| DE1098909B (en) * | 1954-12-29 | 1961-02-09 | Goodrich Co B F | Process for the production of a leather-like laminate |
-
1948
- 1948-06-02 CH CH280195D patent/CH280195A/en unknown
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1068660B (en) * | 1954-10-01 | 1959-11-12 | ||
| DE1098909B (en) * | 1954-12-29 | 1961-02-09 | Goodrich Co B F | Process for the production of a leather-like laminate |
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