CH326868A

CH326868A - Process for dry peeling carob seed and apparatus for carrying out this process

Info

Publication number: CH326868A
Authority: CH
Inventors: Deltell Luis; Carrasco Ramon; Soriano Enrique; V Castellano Jose
Original assignee: Ind Agricolas Levantinas S A
Priority date: 1953-06-12
Filing date: 1954-06-10
Publication date: 1958-01-15

Description

Procede de pelage ä sec de la graine de caroube et appareil pour la mise en aeuvre de ce procede La graine de caroube, appelee Garrofin, comprend une ecorce ou gaine, deux cotyle- dons jumeaux tres aplatis et adosses 1'un ä 1'autre sur toute la superficie de leurs parties internes et un germe ou embryon. La partie la plus interessante de la graine, du point de vue industriel, est celle formee par les deux cotyledons qui constitue une pulpe tres riche en gomme d'excellente qualite pour divers usages. Cette pulpe regoit 1e nom de carubine et c'est ainsi quelle sera designee dans 1e cours de ce memoire. Method for dry peeling the carob seed and apparatus for carrying out this method The carob seed, called Garrofin, comprises a bark or sheath, two very flattened twin cotyledons and leaning against each other over the whole surface of their internal parts and a germ or embryo. The most interesting part of the seed, from an industrial point of view, is that formed by the two cotyledons which constitute a pulp very rich in gum of excellent quality for various uses. This pulp receives the name of carubine and this is how it will be designated in the course of this memoir.

Pour que cette carubine s'obtienne dann les conditions les meilleures et permette d'en extraire un excellent produit, il est necessaire de la separer aussi bien du germe que de la gaine. Il arrive, cependant, que cette dermere soit consistante, dure et difficile ä separer non seulement ä cause de sa durete, mais encore parce que sa partie interieure au lieu d'etre unie presente une serie de rugosites placees dans les alveoles correspondants de la surface externe de la carubine, et 1e tout fait que 1'union de ces parties est particulierement in time et qu'elles sont tres difficiles ä separer. In order for this carubine to be obtained in the best conditions and to allow an excellent product to be extracted from it, it is necessary to separate it both from the germ and from the sheath. It happens, however, that this derma is consistent, hard and difficult to separate not only because of its hardness, but also because its inner part, instead of being smooth, presents a series of roughnesses placed in the corresponding cells of the surface. external of the carubine, and the fact that the union of these parts is particularly intimate and that they are very difficult to separate.

Le procede 1e plus elementaire pour obtenir cette separation est celui purement mecanique, fort rudimentaire, de battre et frapper la graine dans des machirres. Dans ces machirres, la caroube est battue et frappee avec la force et 1e temps necessaires pour la separer de la gaine, mais la graine se casse aussi et tous les residus, ceux de 1'ecorce, de la carubine et de 1'embryon, sont melanges, ce qui oblige ä un blutage tres prolonge afin de separer toutes ces parties. Ce procede presente pour 1'indus- trie de graves inconvenients : en premier lieu son rendement est minime, entre 1e 10 % et 1e 12 % de la richesse existant dans la graine. D'autre part, la gomme extrafite de cette fagon est de basse qualite, car il est impossible d'eviter quelle ne soit melangee, malgre tous les blutages, avec une grande quantite de germes et d'ecorce. The most elementary process for obtaining this separation is that purely mechanical, very rudimentary, of beating and striking the seed in jaws. In these jaws, the carob is beaten and struck with the force and the time necessary to separate it from the sheath, but the seed also breaks and all the residues, those of the bark, the carubine and the embryo, are mixed, which necessitates a very prolonged sifting in order to separate all these parts. This process has serious drawbacks for the industry: in the first place, its yield is minimal, between 10% and 12% of the richness existing in the seed. On the other hand, the gum extracted in this way is of low quality, because it is impossible to prevent it from being mixed, despite all the removals, with a large quantity of germs and bark.

Le procede employe aujourd'hui par toutes les industries dune certaine importance consiste fondamentalement ä obtenir 1e pelage de la caroube moyennant son traitement par divers acides ou caustiques - deRTI ID="0001.0273" WI="16" HE="4" LX="1407" LY="2063"> preference 1'acide sulfurique - corrosifs de 1'ecorce ou gaine. Le pelage s'obtient ainsi et la pulpe reste ab- solument propre d'ecorce, et il n'y a plus qu'ä extraire 1e germe, ce qui est relativement fa- cile. Ce procede presente cependant de nom- breux inconvenients, dopt les plus importants sont ceux que nous indiquons plus bas: En Premier heu, il suppose la perte irre- m6diable de toute 1'ecorce ou gaine qui, atta- quee par 1'acide, est detruite ou liquefiee par celui-ci ; or, 1e son provenant de la moulure ou trituration pourrait, en d'autres cas, eire utilise comme fourrage ou pour d'autres usages. The process used today by all industries of some importance basically consists in obtaining the peel of the carob by treating it with various acids or caustics - deRTI ID="0001.0273" WI="16" HE="4" LX=" 1407" LY="2063"> preferably sulfuric acid - corrosive to bark or sheath. The peeling is thus obtained and the pulp remains absolutely clean of bark, and all that remains is to extract the germ, which is relatively easy. This process, however, presents numerous disadvantages, the most important of which are those which we indicate below: Firstly, it supposes the irremediable loss of all the bark or sheath which, attacked by the acid, is destroyed or liquefied by it; however, the bran from milling or trituration could, in other cases, be used as fodder or for other purposes.

D'autre Part, meme si 1'on surveille tres bien 1e temps, la concentration et, en d6fini- tive, 1'action corrosive de 1'acide, il est pra- tiquement impossible que celui-ci arrive jusqu'ä la limite exacte de 1'elimination de toute 1'ecorce sans affecter en rien 1'integrite de la carubine. Si an veut pousser ä 1'extreme 1'ac- tion de 1'acide afin que 1'elimination de 1'ecorce soit complete, 1'action corrosive affecte aussi dans une Partie plus ou moins grande la caru- bine elle-meme, dont une Partie est detruite et perdue avec 1'ecorce. De ce fait, 1e rende- ment final, quoique superieur ä celui obtenu par les procedes primitifs, varie entre 1e 10 et 1e 12 %, est donc toujours tres bas et se tient aux alentours des chiffres suivants, bases sur les 100#% du poids de la graine : gomme, 30 % - gerrne, 18 0/0 - son, 7 % - total Brut du rendement, 55 %, pertes totales non recu- p6rables, 45 0/0. On the other hand, even if the time, the concentration and, ultimately, the corrosive action of the acid are carefully monitored, it is practically impossible for it to reach the limit. exact removal of all bark without affecting the integrity of the carubine. If one wants to push the action of the acid to the extreme so that the elimination of the bark is complete, the corrosive action also affects to a greater or lesser extent the carubine itself, Part of which is destroyed and lost with the bark. As a result, the final yield, although higher than that obtained by the primitive processes, varies between 10 and 12%, is therefore always very low and remains around the following figures, based on 100% of the seed weight: gum, 30% - germ, 18% - bran, 7% - total Gross yield, 55%, total non-recoverable losses, 45%

En outre, 1e produit obtenu West jamais pur, car il contient des residus acides tres dif- ficiles ä eliminer, car pour que cette elimina- tion soit complete il est necessaire de proceder ä des Javages de la carubine pelee, et ces La vages doivent eire tres nombreux et intenses et ils absorbent encore une Partie tres impor- tante de la carubine, ce qui diminue toujours 1e rendement en gomme ; s'il est vrai que la purete obtenue moyennant ces Javages peut etre theoriquement absolue, dans la pratique il est inevitable que ces Javages ne se fassent pas avec toute la perfection desirable et que 1e contröle de la purete ne s'effectue pas non plus avec la rigueur apportee dans un labora- toire. In addition, the product obtained is never pure, because it contains acid residues which are very difficult to eliminate, because for this elimination to be complete, it is necessary to carry out washings of the peeled carubine, and these washings must er very numerous and intense and they still absorb a very important part of the carubine, which always decreases the gum yield; if it is true that the purity obtained by means of these blends can be theoretically absolute, in practice it is inevitable that these blends are not made with all the desirable perfection and that the control of the purity is not carried out either with the rigor brought to a laboratory.

Enfin, 1e simple emploi d'acides ou de caustiques pour eux-memes et ind6pendem- ment des resultats incomplets exposes ci-haut, presente des inconvenients propres, dont 1'un est, par exemple, que les acides <RTI ID="0002.0280" WI="4" HE="4" LX="1771" LY="290"> ou caustiques sont chers et que leur acquisition dans les quantites necessaires West ni facile ni econo- mique. Un autre inconvenient est que leur maniement represente de considerables dangers de brülures ou de contamination pour 1e per- sonnel. Finally, the simple use of acids or caustics for themselves and independently of the incomplete results set out above, presents its own drawbacks, one of which is, for example, that acids <RTI ID="0002.0280 " WI="4" HE="4" LX="1771" LY="290"> or caustics are expensive and their acquisition in the quantities required is neither easy nor economical. Another disadvantage is that their handling represents considerable dangers of burns or contamination for the personnel.

Le present brevet a pour objet un procede qui permet d'eliminer tous les inconvenients susindiques. Ce procede de pelage ä sec de la graine de caroube, en vue d'en extraire ulte- rieurement la carubine, est caracterise en ce que la graine de caroube est soumise ä une serie de chauffages propres ä amener 1'ecorce de cette graine ä 1'etat friable mais insuffisants pour alterer la nature de la carubine et de separations mecaniques de 1'ecorce, ces chauf- fages et separations mecaniques altemant avec des refroidissements jusqu'au pelage complet de la graine. Ce procede est base sur 1e fait que 1'ecorce de la caroube, qui, ainsi qu'il a ete dit, est tres dure et difficile ä separer, possede la propriete de subir un certain pro- cessus de dilatation qui la rend friable et detachable mecaniquement, lorsqu'elle est sou- mise ä un chauffage determine. The subject of this patent is a process which makes it possible to eliminate all the aforementioned drawbacks. This process of dry peeling of the carob seed, with a view to subsequently extracting the carobine, is characterized in that the carob seed is subjected to a series of heating operations capable of bringing the bark of this seed to the friable state but insufficient to alter the nature of the carubine and mechanical separations of the bark, these heatings and mechanical separations alternating with coolings until the complete peeling of the seed. This process is based on the fact that the bark of the carob, which, as has been said, is very hard and difficult to separate, has the property of undergoing a certain process of expansion which makes it friable and mechanically detachable, when subjected to determined heating.

Ce chauffage ne peut ni ne doit etre tres fort car, s'il excede 1e degre rigoureusement indispensable, il se peut que soient detruites totalement ou partiellement les qualites par lesquelles la carubine est industriellement inte ressante pour 1'obtention de la gomme. This heating cannot and must not be very strong because, if it exceeds the strictly indispensable degree, it may be that the qualities by which carubine is industrially interesting for obtaining gum are totally or partially destroyed.

Afin d'eviter ce risque, 1e chäuffage peut comprendre une Phase initiale d'apport de chaleur exterieure, 1e chauffage resultant de cette Phase initiale etant complete par la cha- leur engendree par 1'operation de separation mecanique de 1'ecorce. In order to avoid this risk, the heating may comprise an initial Phase of supplying external heat, the heating resulting from this initial Phase being completed by the heat generated by the operation of mechanical separation of the bark.

Comme la richesse et la qualite des residus obtenus de 1'ecorce seront, en outre, differents dans chaque Phase de 1'operation, an peut pren- dre et classer separement les residus resultant de chaque Phase de separation de la gaine. As the richness and the quality of the residues obtained from the bark will also be different in each Phase of the operation, one can take and classify separately the residues resulting from each Phase of separation of the sheath.

Ort peut egalement proceder en debutant par une operation de separation mecanique en calculant la duree de chaque Phase pour quelle produise ä eile seule tout 1e chauffage necessaire qui, pour chaque Phase, sera suivi d'un intervalle de refroidissement correspon- dant, et en recommen@ant cette operation meca- nique jusqu'au pelage complet de la carubine. Ort can also proceed by starting with a mechanical separation operation by calculating the duration of each Phase for which alone produces all the necessary heating which, for each Phase, will be followed by a corresponding cooling interval, and by commencing From this mechanical operation until the complete peeling of the carubine.

Il ne reste plus alors, par n'importe quel moyen dejä. connu, qu'ä separer de la carubine 1e germe ou 1'embryon qui y est loge. There is no more then, by any means already. known, than to separate from the carubine the germ or the embryo which is lodged therein.

Avec ce procede qui, ainsi qu'il a ete dit, e1imine completement tout traitement chimique, an obtient non seulement une carubine extre- mement pure et propre, mais an arrive ä ce que 1e rendement final soit maximum. Il est si grand qu'il arrive ä atteindre 1e 95 ()/o de la richesse totale de la graine (37 0/0 - perte 5 /o). 11 permet, en outre, d'obtenir separement tout 1e son, isole et classe par degres de qualite, provenant de 1'ecorce. With this process which, as has been said, completely eliminates any chemical treatment, not only is an extremely pure and clean carbon obtained, but the final yield is maximum. It is so large that it manages to reach 1e 95 ()/o of the total wealth of the seed (37 0/0 - loss 5 /o). It also makes it possible to obtain separately all the bran, isolated and classified by degree of quality, coming from the bark.

0n peut egalement proceder en disposant un train de plusieurs appareils et en effectuant dans chacun de ceux-ci une Phase de chauf- fage et de separation mecanique de teile fagon qu'apres 1e temps Pendant lequel chacun d'eux travaille une fois 1e Premier appareil de la serie charge, an decharge moyennant un m6ca- nisme d'horlogerie, ce Premier appareil dopt 1e contenu passe automatiquement au second et en rechargeant ce Premier appareil automati- quement de meine que 1e second et 1e troi- sieme et ainsi successivement, de teile fagon que tous les appareils travaillent simultanement, chacun dans sa Phase de pelage, en recueillant Jans chacun separement les residus s'y etant produits, 1e dernier delivrant la carubine com- pletement propre et pelee et en condition d'etre separee facilement du germe. 0n peut, dans cette forme d'execution, remplacer les temps alternes de repos pour refroidissement par un systeme de refrigeration agissant de fagon intermittente sur la graine soumise con- tinuellement ä 1'operation de separation. It is also possible to proceed by arranging a train of several devices and by carrying out in each of these a Phase of heating and mechanical separation in such a way that after the time During which each of them works once the First device of the series charged, an discharged by means of a clockwork mechanism, this First device adopts the content automatically passes to the second and by recharging this First device automatically as well as the second and the third and so successively, from in such a way that all the devices work simultaneously, each in its peeling phase, collecting each separately the residues produced there, the last delivering the carubine completely clean and peeled and in condition to be easily separated from the germ . It is possible, in this embodiment, to replace the alternating rest times for cooling by a refrigeration system acting intermittently on the seed which is continuously subjected to the separation operation.

Lä, egalement, 1e chauffage peut s'effec- tuer seulement et exclusivement par la friction de la graine. Il suffit ä cet effet, d'introduire celle-ei par exemple dans un appareil Jans lequel cette friction commence ä froid et se prolonge Pendant 1e temps calcule pour chaque cas selon 1e degre d'humidite, secheresse, etc., de la graine jusqu'au chauffage necessaire pour la dilatation de la gaine et la separation ulte- rieure de celle-ci, au moins dann sa Premiere Phase. Une fois 1e temps calcule s'etant ecoule et pour eviter un chauffage excessif, an peut interrompre la friction et anRTI ID="0003.0277" WI="12" HE="4" LX="1410" LY="392"> laissera refroidir ; an recommencera ensuite Pendant 1e temps calcule pour la seconde Phase, et ainsi suc- cessivement. Here, too, the heating can take place solely and exclusively by the friction of the seed. It suffices for this purpose to introduce the latter, for example, into an apparatus in which this friction begins cold and is prolonged for the time calculated for each case according to the degree of humidity, dryness, etc., from the seed to to the heating necessary for the expansion of the sheath and the subsequent separation of the latter, at least in its First Phase. Once the calculated time has elapsed and to avoid excessive heating, an can interrupt the friction and anRTI ID="0003.0277" WI="12" HE="4" LX="1410" LY="392"> will leave chill ; an will then start again For the time calculated for the second Phase, and so on.

Le present brevet a, en outre, pour objet un appareil pour la mise en ceuvre du procede. Cet appareil est caracterise en ce qu'il com- prend un tambour cylindrique fixe, dans lequel est loge un autre cylindre concentrique, qui tourne autour de son axe et d'un diametre suffisamment moindre que celui de 1'autre pour que, entre la Partie exterieure du plus Petit et celle interieure du plus grand, il reste un espace pour contenir la graine devant eire traitee, un ou plusieurs tubes ouverts dans les parois du grand cylindre et qui communiquent avec 1'exterieur d'un ensemble ferme dans lequel sont enfermes les deux cylindres, l'une au moins des deux superficies en regard des deux cylindres etant revetue d'un abrasif. This patent also relates to an apparatus for implementing the process. This apparatus is characterized in that it comprises a fixed cylindrical drum, in which is housed another concentric cylinder, which rotates around its axis and of a diameter sufficiently smaller than that of the other so that, between the Outer part of the smallest and inner part of the largest, there remains a space to contain the seed to be treated, one or more tubes open in the walls of the large cylinder and which communicate with the outside of a closed assembly in which are enclosed the two cylinders, at least one of the two surfaces facing the two cylinders being coated with an abrasive.

Le dessin annexe represente, ä titre d'exem- ple, une forme d'execution dudit appareil. La fig. 1 est une coupe verticale suivant la ligne C-D de la fig. 2 ; et la fig. 2 est une coupe horizontale suivant la ligne A-B de la fig. 1. The appended drawing shows, by way of example, one embodiment of said apparatus. fig. 1 is a vertical section along line C-D of FIG. 2; and fig. 2 is a horizontal section along line A-B of FIG. 1.

L'appareil consiste en un tambour cylin- drique forme par deux cylindres 8, 9 concen- triques et dont la difference de diametre est telle qu'entre la surface externe du plus Petit et la face interne du plus grand, il reste tout 1e long de ceux-ci un espace dann lequel -1a graine est logee et est introduite par un ou plusieurs orifices d'ahmentation ou de charge qui s'ouvrent depuis 1'exterieur et sur 1'un des cötes du cylindre et communiquent avec ledit espace. La Partie externe du Petit cylindre 9 est rev"etue d'un abrasif et lorsque 1'appareil est mis en marche par un moteur non repre- sente, 1e cylindre interieur 9 tourne ä grande vitesse et Jans 1e sens de 1'entree d'orifices de charge 3, ce qui fait que la graine qui est projetee par 1e cylindre tournant et gräce ä 1'action des nombreux points de contact qu'eta- blit avec elle la surface revetue d'abrasif, perd peu ä peu son ecorce qui, en s'echauffant du fait de la friction arrive ä un point de dila- tation qui la rend friable et facile ä separer par cette action mecanique. The apparatus consists of a cylindrical drum formed by two concentric cylinders 8, 9, the difference in diameter of which is such that between the external surface of the smallest and the internal face of the largest, there remains all along of these a space in which the seed is housed and is introduced through one or more feeding or charging orifices which open from the outside and on one of the sides of the cylinder and communicate with said space. The outer part of the Small Cylinder 9 is coated with an abrasive and when the apparatus is started by a motor not shown, the inner cylinder 9 rotates at high speed and in the direction of the entry of the cylinder. loading orifices 3, whereby the seed which is projected by the rotating cylinder and thanks to the action of the numerous points of contact which the surface coated with abrasive establishes with it, gradually loses its bark which , as it heats up due to friction, reaches a point of expansion which makes it friable and easy to separate by this mechanical action.

Cependant, 1'energie de cette friction doit etre plus ou moins intense selon les conditions que, dans chaque cas, presente la graine et selon son etat d'humidite ou de secheresse de meine que d'apres la rapidite ou intensite que 1'on veut donner au pelage, etc. Pour obtenir cette difference d'energie, 1e grand cylindre 8 presente sur sa longueur des ouvertures dans lesquelles sont logees des radoires 14 action- n6es de 1'exterieur qui s'introduisent *dans 1'es- pace entre les deux cylindres 8, 9 s'appro- chant plus ou moins du fond de ceux-ei, de sorte que 1e placement de la graine entre les deux cylindres et son Passage subsequent est reduit ä 1'endroit des radoires, ce qui permet d'augmenter la concentration de la masse de caroube et, par consequent, 1'energie de la friction ä laquelle elle est soumise. However, the energy of this friction must be more or less intense according to the conditions which, in each case, the seed presents and according to its state of humidity or dryness, even according to the rapidity or intensity which one wants to give the coat, etc. To obtain this difference in energy, the large cylinder 8 has openings along its length in which are housed radoires 14 actuated from the outside which are introduced into the space between the two cylinders 8, 9 approaching more or less the bottom of these, so that the placement of the seed between the two cylinders and its subsequent passage is reduced at the location of the radii, which allows the concentration of the seed to be increased. mass of carob and, consequently, the energy of the friction to which it is subjected.

Ces radoires peuvent etre formees par di verses matieres, telles que caoutchouc, balais metalliques, vegetaux de tampico, de sparte ou Wimporte quelle autre pouvant laisser pas- ser la matiere saus la comprimer, pour eviter quelle ne se rompe avant d'etre pelee. These radoires can be made of various materials, such as rubber, metal brushes, tampico plants, esparto or any other that can let the material pass through without compressing it, to prevent it from breaking before being peeled off.

Tout ce qui a ete decrit jusqu'ä present se refere au travail de pelage par friction, qui agit fondamentalement sur les deux faces de la graine qui est tres aplatie et quoique la seule friction puisse se prolonger tout 1e temps necessaire pour quelle läche la Partie de la gaine correspondante au perimetre ou dos de la graine, ceci West pas avantageux parce que si les Parties plates de la graine etaient pelees avant qu'elles se detachent par simple friction prolongee de la Partie d'ecorce correspondante aux dos, cette meine friction mangerait peu ä peu des portions importantes de la carubine dejä pelee avec la perte correspondante de celle-ci. 11 convient donc de combiner cette action de friction en agissant sur les Parties plates par une action qui detache en meine temps 1'ecorce du dos. Ceci est obtenu en munissant une Partie de la surface interne du grand cy- lindre 8, situee ä la sortie de l'une desdites radoires 14, de rugosites 13 pour que la graine, en sortant violemment de 1'etroit Passage limite par la radoire correspondante et en etant pro jet6e contre 1e mur strie du cylindre, soit sou- mise ä une percussion agissant sur 1e dos de celle-ci puisque, etant donne la forme aplatie de la graine, sa projection la lance de dos et non pas sur sa surface plate. Everything that has been described so far refers to the work of peeling by friction, which basically acts on both sides of the seed, which is very flattened and although the friction alone can last all the time necessary for it to loosen the part. of the sheath corresponding to the perimeter or back of the seed, this is not advantageous because if the flat Parts of the seed were peeled before they are detached by simple prolonged friction from the Part of bark corresponding to the backs, this same friction would gradually eat large portions of the already peeled carubine with the corresponding loss of it. It is therefore advisable to combine this friction action by acting on the flat parts by an action which at the same time detaches the bark from the back. This is obtained by providing a part of the internal surface of the large cylinder 8, located at the exit of one of said radoires 14, with roughnesses 13 so that the seed, on coming out violently from the narrow Passage limited by the radoire corresponding and being projected against the grooved wall of the cylinder, is subjected to a percussion acting on the back of the latter since, given the flattened shape of the seed, its projection throws it from behind and not on its back. flat surface.

De cette fagon, sans prolonger dune ma- niere excessive et antieconomique 1'action de la friction pour determiner 1e pelage des Parties plates, an obtient egalement 1e pelage des dos et la carubine reste ä la fin totalement pelee. In this way, without excessively and uneconomically prolonging the action of friction to determine the peeling of the Flat Parts, the peeling of the backs is also obtained and the carubine remains completely peeled at the end.

Pour graduer la duree de chaque Phase de pelage, 1e cylindre exterieur 8 presente au fond une vanne 10 servant de sortie de 1'espace compris entre les deux cylindres. Cette vanne 10 est hermetiquement fermee Pendant que 1'appareil est charge et fonctionne et elle est agencee pour s'ouvrir automatiquement ä la fin du temps calcule pour la duree de chaque Phase en laissant tomber au-dehors la graine en meine temps qu'automatiquement aussi et en connexion avec celle-ci, 1e fond du depöt s'ouvre et fait entrer une nouvelle charge de graine par 1e ou les orifices d'alimentation de 1'appareil. To graduate the duration of each peeling phase, the outer cylinder 8 has at the bottom a valve 10 serving as an outlet from the space between the two cylinders. This valve 10 is hermetically closed while the apparatus is loaded and running and is arranged to open automatically at the end of the time calculated for the duration of each Phase, dropping the seed out at the same time as automatically. also and in connection therewith, the bottom of the deposit opens and introduces a new load of seed through the feed port(s) of the apparatus.

L'ensemble des deux cylindres est monte sur un chässis metallique 1, de bois ou d'un autre materiel, ferme sur toutes ses faces et par un couvercle superieur 2, 1e tout formant un ensemble ferme - Jans lequel reste 1e systeme des deux cylindres - qui presente en son couvercle ou Partie superieure les ouver- tures 3 des tubes d'alimentation 4 de 1'appareil et dans sa Partie inferieure une ou plusieurs sorties pour la reception, soit des residus de 1'ecorce detachee, soit de la graine une fois travaillee. 11 pourra y avoir aussi une autre ouverture ä laquelle Sera applique depuis 1'exterieur un systeme quelconque d'aspiration servant ä refroidir la graine lorsqu'il sera n6cessaire et pour capter poussiere produite par 1e pelage. The assembly of the two cylinders is mounted on a metal frame 1, of wood or of another material, closed on all its faces and by an upper cover 2, the first whole forming a closed assembly - Jans which remains the first system of the two cylinders - which has in its cover or upper part the openings 3 of the supply tubes 4 of the device and in its lower part one or more outlets for the reception, either of the residues of the detached bark, or of the seed once worked. There may also be another opening to which will be applied from the outside some suction system serving to cool the seed when necessary and to capture dust produced by the coat.

Finalement, Fensemble des deux cylindres a ses extr6mit6s ferm6es par des couvercles circulaires 15 portant chacun dans sa Partie annulaire correspondant ä. la section du loge- ment entre les deux cylindres, une serie de perforations destin6es ä ce que les residus de la gaine d6tach6s sortent par ceux-ci et tombent Jans 1'ensemble ferm6. Finally, the assembly of the two cylinders has its ends closed by circular covers 15 each bearing in its annular part corresponding to. the section of the housing between the two cylinders, a series of perforations intended for the residues of the detached sheath to come out through them and fall into the closed assembly.

Les autres chiffres de ref6rence du dessin ddsignent 5 une ouverture du couvercle pour y accou- pler un mecanisme ordinaire d'aspiration ; 6 la Porte de sortie ou de d6charge de 1'en- semble ferme, 1 ; 7 des registres ouverts dans 1e couvercle de Fensemble ferm6, pour surveiller ou net- toyer 1'int6rieur et pour actionner les radoires 14 ; 11 un levier pour Fouverture et fermeture de la Porte 10 ; 12 un contrepoids pour fonctionnement du levier 11 ; 16 les supports de Faxe de mouvement ; et 17 la poulie de mouvement. The other reference numerals in the drawing designate an opening in the lid for coupling thereto an ordinary suction mechanism; 6 the outlet or unloading door of the closed assembly, 1; 7 open dampers in the cover of the closed assembly, for monitoring or cleaning the interior and for operating the radiators 14; 11 a lever for opening and closing the door 10; 12 a counterweight for operating the lever 11; 16 Motion Faxe Racks; and 17 the movement pulley.

Claims

CLAIM I: Process for dry peeling the carob seed, with a view to subsequently extracting the carubine therefrom, characterized in that the carob seed is subjected to a series of heating operations capable of bringing the bark of this seed to 1 the friable state, but insufficient to alter the nature of the carubine, and of mechanical separations of the bark, these heating and mechanical separations alternating with coolings until the complete peeling of the seed. SUB-CLAIMS 1. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that each heating comprises an initial phase of supplying external heat, the heating resulting from this initial phase being supplemented by the heat generated by the separation operation. bark mechanics.

2. Process according to claim I, characterized by the fact that one begins with a mechanical separation operation by calculating the duration of each Phase for which it produces all the necessary heating which, for each Phase, will be followed by a corresponding interval of cooling, and that this mechanical operation is repeated until the complete peeling of the carubine.

3. Process according to claim I, characterized in that a train of several apparatuses is arranged and that a phase of heating and mechanical separation is carried out in each of them, so that after the time during which each of them is working, once the first device in the series has been loaded, unloads by means of a clockwork mechanism this first device, the contents of which pass automatically to the second and in that recharge RTI ID="0005.0271" WI="4" HE="4" LX="963" LY="1254"> this First device automatically as well as the second and the third and so successively, in such a way that all the devices work simultaneously, each in its peeling phase, the last delivering the carubine completely clean and peeled and in a condition to be easily separated from the germ.

4. Process according to sub-claim 3, characterized in that the cooling phases are carried out with the aid of a refrigeration system acting intermittently on the seed which is continuously subjected to the separation operation. CLAIM II: Apparatus for carrying out the process according to claim I, characterized in that it comprises a fixed cylindrical drum, in which is housed another concentric cylinder, which rotates around its axis and of a diameter sufficiently smaller than that of the other so that, between the outer part of the smaller and the inner part of the larger, there remains a space to contain the seed to be treated, one or more tubes open in the walls of the brand cylinder and which communicate nique with the exterior of a closed assembly in which the two cylinders are enclosed, at least one of the two surfaces facing the two cylinders being coated with an abrasive. SUB-CLAIMS

5. Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that it comprises radoires placed in openings which the first cylinder bears over its entire length and over its perimeter and penetrating the space between the two cylinders, the terminal parts of these radoires being arranged so as to let the seed pass without compressing it or breaking it and narrowing the passage of the seed projected by the turns of the small cylinder, by increasing the intensity of the friction exerted on it. this.

6. Apparatus according to sub-claim 5, characterized in that it comprises on parts of the internal face of the Brand cylinder close to the outlet constricted by the radoires of the rough spots on which the seeds coming out violently from this narrow passage obstructed by the radoires and being projected from behind against these roughnesses are subjected to a percussion effect which removes the bark from the back of the seed at the same time as the friction on the entire perimeter removes the bark from the flat parts.

7. Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the bottom of the Brand cylinder is fitted with a valve which, hermetically closed during each peeling phase, is capable of opening automatically when the calculated time expires. has run out and to let the seed fall to the bottom of the closed body in which are mounted and housed the two working cylinders. B.

Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the two ends of the concentric cylinders are closed by plates bearing an annular part corresponding to the section of the space comprised between them and presenting orifices through which the residues of the bark which is detached in each phase of the coat to fall into the firm body.

9. Apparatus according to sub-claim 8, characterized in that a suction device for cooling the seed mass and collecting the dust produced during peeling is housed through an opening in RTI ID="0006.0277 " WI="4" HE="4" LX="1933" LY="1065"> the walls of the closed body.

10. Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that it comprises several drum units of the aforesaid type and has a clockwork mechanism, the arrangement being such that at the moment calculated for the interruption of work from the first unit by emptying through a valve of the Brand cylinder, the load automatically passes to the next unit which must carry out the second phase and that another load of seed automatically enters the first unit and the same from the second to the third and so on successively, the last delivering the belee carubine.